The Experts below are selected from a list of 27477 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brian K. Gullett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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endocrine disrupting chemical emissions from combustion sources diesel particulate emissions and Domestic Waste open burn emissions
Atmospheric Environment, 2005Co-Authors: Sukh Sidhu, Brian K. Gullett, Richard C Striebich, Joy Klosterman, Jesse Contreras, Michael J DevitoAbstract:Abstract Emissions of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from combustion sources are poorly characterized due to the large number of compounds present in the emissions, the complexity of the analytical separations required, and the uncertainty regarding identification of chemicals with endocrine effects. In this work, multidimensional gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (MDGC-MS) was used to characterize emissions from both controlled (diesel engine) and uncontrolled (open burning of Domestic Waste) combustion sources. The results of this study suggest that, by using MDGC-MS, one can resolve a much greater percentage of the chromatogram and identify about 84% of these resolved compounds. This increase in resolution helped to identify and quantify various classes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the combustion emissions that had not been identified previously. Significant emissions (when compared to industrial sources) of known EDCs, dioctyl phthalate (over ∼2,500,000 kg year−1) and bisphenol A (over ∼75,000 kg year−1) were estimated from uncontrolled Domestic Waste burning. Emissions of several suspected EDCs (oxygenated PAHs) were observed in both diesel soot and the uncontrolled Domestic Waste burn samples. The emission rates of known and suspected EDCs estimated in this study suggest that combustion emissions need to be characterized for EDCs to further assess its importance as a source of EDC exposure.
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emissions of pcdd f from uncontrolled Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.
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Emissions of PCDD/F from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.
Dwain Winters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissions of pcdd f from uncontrolled Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.
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Emissions of PCDD/F from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.
Eva Møller Nielsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Collection of Domestic Waste. Review of occupational health problems and their possible causes.
Science of The Total Environment, 1995Co-Authors: Otto Melchior Poulsen, Niels O. Breum, Ulla I. Ivens, Duco Van Lelieveld, Per Malmros, Leo Matthiasen, Niels E Ebbehøj, Birgitte Herbert Nielsen, Ase Marie Hansen, Eva Møller NielsenAbstract:Abstract During the last decade, a growing interest in recycling of Domestic Waste has emerged, and action plans to increase the recycling of Domestic Waste have been agreed by many governments. A common feature of these plans is the implementation of new systems and equipment for the collection of Domestic Waste which has been separated at source. However, only limited information exists on possible occupational health problems related to such new systems. Occupational accidents are very frequent among Waste collectors. Based on current knowledge, it appears that the risk factors should be considered as an integrated entity, i.e. technical factors (poor accessibility to the Waste, design of equipment) may act in concert with high working rate, visual fatigue due to poor illumination and perhaps muscle fatigue due to high work load. Musculoskeletal problems are also common among Waste collectors. A good deal of knowledge has accumulated on mechanical load on the spine and energetic load on the cardio-pulmonary system in relation to the handling of Waste bags, bins, Domestic containers and large containers. However, epidemiologic studies with exposure classification based on field measurement are needed, both to further identify high risk work conditions and to provide a detailed basis for the establishment of occupational exposure limits for mechanical and energetic load particularly in relation to pulling, pushing and tilting of containers. In 1975, an excess risk for chronic bronchitis was reported for Waste collectors in Geneva (Rufener-Press et al., 1975) and data from the Danish Registry of Occupational Accidents and Diseases also indicate an excess risk for pulmonary problems among Waste collectors compared with the total work force. Surprisingly few measurements of potentially hazardous airborne exposures have been performed, and the causality of work-related pulmonary problems among Waste collectors is unknown. Recent studies have indicated that implementation of some new Waste collection systems may result in an increased risk of occupational health problems. High incidence rates of gastrointestinal problems, irritation of the eye and skin, and perhaps symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome (influenza-like symptoms, cough, muscle pains, fever, fatigue, headache) have been reported among workers collecting the biodegradable fraction of Domestic Waste. The few data available on exposure to bio-acrosols and volatile compounds have indicated that these Waste collectors may be simultaneously exposed to multiple agents such as dust containing bacteria, endotoxin, mould spores, glucans, volatile organic compounds, and diesel exhaust. Several studies have reported similar health problems as well as high incidence rates of pulmonary diseases among workers at plants recycling Domestic Waste. Large scale research activities including surveys and analytical epidemiologic studies are needed to identify the actual causes of these occupational diseases aiming at the prevention of occupational health problems when new Waste collection systems are implemented.
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collection of Domestic Waste review of occupational health problems and their possible causes
Science of The Total Environment, 1995Co-Authors: Otto Melchior Poulsen, Niels O. Breum, Ulla I. Ivens, Duco Van Lelieveld, Per Malmros, Leo Matthiasen, Niels E Ebbehøj, Birgitte Herbert Nielsen, Ase Marie Hansen, Eva Møller NielsenAbstract:During the last decade, a growing interest in recycling of Domestic Waste has emerged, and action plans to increase the recycling of Domestic Waste have been agreed by many governments. A common feature of these plans is the implementation of new systems and equipment for the collection of Domestic Waste which has been separated at source. However, only limited information exists on possible occupational health problems related to such new systems. Occupational accidents are very frequent among Waste collectors. Based on current knowledge, it appears that the risk factors should be considered as an integrated entity, i.e. technical factors (poor accessibility to the Waste, design of equipment) may act in concert with high working rate, visual fatigue due to poor illumination and perhaps muscle fatigue due to high work load. Musculoskeletal problems are also common among Waste collectors. A good deal of knowledge has accumulated on mechanical load on the spine and energetic load on the cardio-pulmonary system in relation to the handling of Waste bags, bins, Domestic containers and large containers. However, epidemiologic studies with exposure classification based on field measurement are needed, both to further identify high risk work conditions and to provide a detailed basis for the establishment of occupational exposure limits for mechanical and energetic load particularly in relation to pulling, pushing and tilting of containers. In 1975, an excess risk for chronic bronchitis was reported for Waste collectors in Geneva (Rufener-Press et al., 1975) and data from the Danish Registry of Occupational Accidents and Diseases also indicate an excess risk for pulmonary problems among Waste collectors compared with the total work force. Surprisingly few measurements of potentially hazardous airborne exposures have been performed, and the causality of work-related pulmonary problems among Waste collectors is unknown. Recent studies have indicated that implementation of some new Waste collection systems may result in an increased risk of occupational health problems. High incidence rates of gastrointestinal problems, irritation of the eye and skin, and perhaps symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome (influenza-like symptoms, cough, muscle pains, fever, fatigue, headache) have been reported among workers collecting the biodegradable fraction of Domestic Waste. The few data available on exposure to bio-aerosols and volatile compounds have indicated that these Waste collectors may be simultaneously exposed to multiple agents such as dust containing bacteria, endotoxin, mould spores, glucans, volatile organic compounds, and diesel exhaust. Several studies have reported similar health problems as well as high incidence rates of pulmonary disease among workers at plants recycling Domestic Waste.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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sorting and recycling of Domestic Waste review of occupational health problems and their possible causes
Science of The Total Environment, 1995Co-Authors: Otto Melchior Poulsen, Niels O. Breum, Ulla I. Ivens, Per Malmros, Leo Matthiasen, Niels E Ebbehøj, Birgitte Herbert Nielsen, Ase Marie Hansen, Duco Van Lelieveld, Eva Møller NielsenAbstract:Abstract In order to reduce the strain on the environment from the deposition of Waste in landfills and combustion at incineration plants, several governments throughout the industrialized world have planned greatly increased recycling of Domestic Waste by the turn of the millennium. To implement the plans, new Waste recycling facilities are to be built and the number of workers involved in Waste sorting and recycling will increase steadily during the next decade. Several studies have reinforced the hypothesis that exposure to airborne microorganisms and the toxic products thereof are important factors causing a multitude of health problems among workers at Waste sorting and recycling plants. Workers at transfer stations, landfills and incineration plants may experience an increased risk of pulmonary disorders and gastrointestinal problems. High concentrations of total airborne dust, bacteria, faecal coliform bacteria and fungal spores have been reported. The concentrations are considered to be sufficiently high to cause adverse health effects. In addition, a high incidence of lower back injuries, probably due to heavy lifting during work, has been reported among workers at landfills and incineration plants. Workers involved in manual sorting of unseparated Domestic Waste, as well as workers at compost plants experience more or less frequent symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS) (cough, chest-tightness, dyspnoea, influenza-like symptoms such as chills, fever, muscle ache, joint pain, fatigue and headache), gastrointestinal problems such as nausea and diarrhoea, irritation of the skin, eye and mucous membranes of the nose and upper airways, etc. In addition cases of severe occupational pulmonary diseases (asthma, alveolitis, bronchitis) have been reported. Manual sorting of unseparated Domestic Waste may be associated with exposures to large quantities of airborne bacteria and endotoxin. Several work functions in compost plants can result in very high exposure to airborne fungal spores and thermophilic actinomycetes. At plants sorting separated Domestic Waste, e.g. the combustable fraction of Waste composed of paper, cardboard and plastics, the workers may have an increased risk of gastrointestinal symptoms and irritation of the eyes and skin. At such plants the bioaerosol exposure levels are in general low, but at some work tasks, e.g. manual sorting and work near the balers, exposure levels may occasionally be high enough to be potentially harmful. Workers handling the source-sorted paper or cardboard fraction do not appear to have an elevated risk of occupational health problems related to bioaerosol exposure, and the bioaerosol exposure is generally low. To our knowledge no studies have yet been published on occupational health problems and exposures in relation to recycling of glass or metal tins, or in relation to the production of biogas from biodegradable Domestic Waste. Limited information exists on the risk and causal factors of the occupational health problems, and analytical epidemiological studies and surveillance programmes need to be undertaken to elucidate causal links between exposures and work-related health problems. These programs can provide data which can be used for administrative regulations and recommendations, e.g. establishment of occupational exposure limits (OELs), to prevent occupational health problems at existing Waste recycling plants as well as the large number of plants to be built throughout the industrialized world in the near future. When establishing such OELs attention should be paid to a series of technical problems which have not yet attracted sufficient attention: average versus peak airborne exposure, total versus inhalable aerosol exposure, microbial viriability, viable versus total microorgamsms and static area air sampling versus personal air sampling. In addition, synergistic interactions between the different components of the bioaerosol exposure as well as individual susceptibility may be of importance when OELs for exposures at Waste sorting and recycling plants are to be established.
Paul M. Lemieux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissions of pcdd f from uncontrolled Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.
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Emissions of PCDD/F from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.
Christopher C. Lutes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissions of pcdd f from uncontrolled Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.
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Emissions of PCDD/F from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning
Chemosphere, 2001Co-Authors: Brian K. Gullett, Paul M. Lemieux, Christopher C. Lutes, Chris K. Winterrowd, Dwain WintersAbstract:Abstract Emissions of polychlorinated dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) result from inefficiencies of combustion processes, most typically Waste combustion. Uncontrolled combustion, such as occurs during so-called “backyard burning” of Domestic Waste, may therefore produce optimal conditions for formation and emission of PCDD/F. However, few assessments of PCDD/F emissions are available from these sources. This work describes the first known comprehensive assessment of PCDD/F emissions from uncontrolled, Domestic Waste burning. Emissions were copious, but highly variable, ranging over several orders of magnitude. The potential for emissions appears to be related primarily to combustion parameters and concentrations of various gas-phase species, the latter which may be affected by changes in Waste composition, Waste orientation, and/or combustion conditions.