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Anthony Roger Isles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detailed analysis of paternal knockout grb10 mice suggests effects on stability of social Behavior rather than social Dominance
    Genes Brain and Behavior, 2020
    Co-Authors: Kira D. A. Rienecker, Andrew Ward, Alexander T. Chavasse, Kim Moorwood, Anthony Roger Isles
    Abstract:

    Imprinted genes are highly expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain and their functions in this area are thought to have an impact on mammalian social Behaviors. One such imprinted gene is Grb10, of which the paternal allele is generally recognized as mediating social Dominance Behavior. However, there has been no detailed study of social Dominance in Grb10 +/p mice. Moreover, the original study examined tube‐test Behavior in isolated mice 10 months of age. Isolation testing favors more territorial and aggressive Behaviors, and does not address social Dominance strategies employed in group housing contexts. Furthermore, isolation stress impacts midbrain function and Dominance related Behavior, often through alterations in monoaminergic signaling. Thus, we undertook a systematic study of Grb10 +/p social rank and Dominance Behavior within the cage group, using a number of convergent Behavioral tests. We examined both male and female mice to account for sex differences and tested cohorts aged 2, 6 and 10 months to examine any developments related to age. We found group‐housed Grb10 +/p mice do not show evidence of enhanced social Dominance, but cages containing Grb10 +/p and wild‐type mice lacked the normal correlation between three different measures of social rank. Moreover, a separate study indicated isolation stress induced inconsistent changes in tube test Behavior. Taken together, these data suggest future research on Grb10 +/p mice should focus on the stability of social Behaviors, rather than Dominance per se.

  • detailed analysis of paternal knockout grb10 mice suggests effects on stability of social Behavior rather than social Dominance
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kira D. A. Rienecker, Andrew Ward, Alexander T. Chavasse, Kim Moorwood, Anthony Roger Isles
    Abstract:

    Imprinted genes are highly expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain and their functions in this area are thought to have an impact on mammalian social Behaviors. One such imprinted gene is Grb10 , of which the paternal allele is currently recognized as mediating social Dominance Behavior. However, there has been no detailed study of social Dominance in Grb10 +/p mice. Moreover, the original study examined tube-test Behavior in isolated mice 10 months of age. Isolation testing favors more territorial and aggressive Behaviors, and does not address social Dominance strategies employed in group housing contexts. Furthermore, isolation stress impacts midbrain function and Dominance related Behavior, often through alterations in monoaminergic signaling. Thus, we undertook a systematic study of Grb10 +/p social rank and Dominance Behavior within the cage group, using a number of convergent Behavioral tests. We examined both male and female mice to account for sex differences, and tested cohorts aged 2, 6, and 10 months to examine any developments related to age. We found group-housed Grb10 +/p mice do not show evidence of enhanced social Dominance, but cages containing Grb10 +/p and wildtype mice lacked the normal correlation between three different measures of social rank. Moreover, a separate study indicated isolation stress induced inconsistent changes in tube test Behavior. Taken together, these data suggest future research on Grb10 +/p mice should focus on the stability of social Behaviors, rather than Dominance per se .

  • detailed analysis of paternal knockout grb10 mice suggests effects on social stability rather than social Dominance
    bioRxiv, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kira D. A. Rienecker, Andrew Ward, Alexander T. Chavasse, Kim Moorwood, Anthony Roger Isles
    Abstract:

    Imprinted genes are highly expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain and their functions in this area are thought to have an impact on mammalian social Behaviors. One such imprinted gene is Grb10, of which the paternal allele is currently recognized as mediating social Dominance Behavior. However, there has been no detailed study of social Dominance in Grb10+/p mice. Moreover, the original study examined tube-test Behavior in isolated mice 10 months of age. Isolation testing favors more territorial and aggressive Behaviors, and does not address social Dominance strategies employed in group housing contexts. Furthermore, isolation stress impacts midbrain function and Dominance related Behavior, often through alterations in monoaminergic signaling. Thus, we undertook a systematic study of Grb10+/p social rank and Dominance Behavior within the cage group, using a number of convergent Behavioral tests. We examined both male and female mice to account for sex differences, and tested cohorts aged 2, 6, and 10 months to examine any developments related to age. We found group-housed Grb10+/p mice do not show evidence of enhanced social Dominance, but cages containing Grb10+/p and wildtype mice lacked the normal correlation between three different measures of social rank. Moreover, a separate study indicated isolation stress induced inconsistent changes in tube test Behavior. Taken together, these data suggest future research on Grb10+/p mice should focus on social stability, rather than Dominance per se.

Lindsey S. Blake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • II: Effects of a dopamine receptor antagonist on fathead minnow Dominance Behavior and ovarian gene expression in the fathead minnow and zebrafish.
    Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2009
    Co-Authors: Daniel L. Villeneuve, Natàlia Garcia-reyero, Dalma Martinović, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Jenna E. Cavallin, Elizabeth J. Durhan, Elizabeth A. Makynen, Kathleen M. Jensen, Michael D. Kahl, Lindsey S. Blake
    Abstract:

    Abstract Neurotransmitters such as dopamine play an important role in reproductive Behaviors and signaling. Neuroendocrine-active chemicals in the environment have potential to interfere with and/or alter these processes. A companion study with the dopamine 2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol, found no evidence of a direct effect of the chemical on fish reproduction. This study considered haloperidol’s potential effects on Behavior and ovarian gene expression. Male fathead minnows exposed to 50 μg haloperidol/L for 96 h were found to be significantly more dominant than control males. In terms of molecular signaling, investigated using oligonucleotide microarrays, there was little similarity in the identity and functions of genes differentially expressed in the ovaries of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) versus zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed under the same conditions. Results suggest that non-lethal concentrations of haloperidol do not induce ovarian molecular responses that could serve as biomarkers of exposure to D2R antagonists, but may impact Behavior.

Markku Linnoila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a nonhuman primate model of type ii excessive alcohol consumption part 1 low cerebrospinal fluid 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations and diminished social competence correlate with excessive alcohol consumption
    Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 1996
    Co-Authors: J D Higley, Stephen J. Suomi, Markku Linnoila
    Abstract:

    Developmental, biochemical, and Behavioral concomitants of excessive alcohol consumption were investigated using a nonhuman primate model. The variables of interest were: (1) interindividual stability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) from infancy to adulthood, (2) effect of parental deprivation early in life on adult CSF 5-HIAA concentrations; (3) correlations between CSF 5-HIAA and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) concentrations and alcohol consumption; and (4) correlation between the frequency of competent social Behaviors and alcohol consumption. Twenty-nine rhesus macaques were reared for their first 6 months either with their mothers or without adults in peer-only conditions. At 6 and 50 months of age, each subject underwent a series of four, 4-day social separations. Cisternal CSF was sampled before and during the first and last separations; concomitantly, observational data were collected on social Dominance Behavior in the home-cage. When they reached 50 months of age, the monkeys were provided free access to a palatable alcohol solution daily for 1-hr periods before, during, and after the social separations. Before and after the 50-month separations, data were collected on all types of social Behavior in the home-cage. Results showed that peer-reared subjects consumed more alcohol than mother-reared subjects during baseline conditions. Mother-reared subjects, however, increased their rates of consumption to equal peer-reared subjects' rates of consumption during the conditions of a social separation stressor. Peer-reared subjects also exhibited lower CSF 5-HIAA concentrations in infancy and adulthood than their mother-reared counterparts. With rearing condition held constant, interindividual differences in CSF 5-HIAA, MHPG, and homovanillic acid were stable from infancy to adulthood, and high rates of alcohol were consumed by the young adult monkeys with low CSF 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations, particularly when the CSF was obtained during the social separations. High rates of alcohol consumption were also observed in subjects with infrequent social interactions and less competent social Behaviors. In contrast to the human data, we found no gender differences in rates of alcohol consumption, nor in the correlations between alcohol consumption and the other variables. With some exceptions, findings from the study are generally consistent with predictions from Cloninger's type II model of excessive alcohol consumption in men with low CSF 5-HIAA, who also exhibit impaired impulse control and violent and antisocial Behaviors.

Kira D. A. Rienecker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • detailed analysis of paternal knockout grb10 mice suggests effects on stability of social Behavior rather than social Dominance
    Genes Brain and Behavior, 2020
    Co-Authors: Kira D. A. Rienecker, Andrew Ward, Alexander T. Chavasse, Kim Moorwood, Anthony Roger Isles
    Abstract:

    Imprinted genes are highly expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain and their functions in this area are thought to have an impact on mammalian social Behaviors. One such imprinted gene is Grb10, of which the paternal allele is generally recognized as mediating social Dominance Behavior. However, there has been no detailed study of social Dominance in Grb10 +/p mice. Moreover, the original study examined tube‐test Behavior in isolated mice 10 months of age. Isolation testing favors more territorial and aggressive Behaviors, and does not address social Dominance strategies employed in group housing contexts. Furthermore, isolation stress impacts midbrain function and Dominance related Behavior, often through alterations in monoaminergic signaling. Thus, we undertook a systematic study of Grb10 +/p social rank and Dominance Behavior within the cage group, using a number of convergent Behavioral tests. We examined both male and female mice to account for sex differences and tested cohorts aged 2, 6 and 10 months to examine any developments related to age. We found group‐housed Grb10 +/p mice do not show evidence of enhanced social Dominance, but cages containing Grb10 +/p and wild‐type mice lacked the normal correlation between three different measures of social rank. Moreover, a separate study indicated isolation stress induced inconsistent changes in tube test Behavior. Taken together, these data suggest future research on Grb10 +/p mice should focus on the stability of social Behaviors, rather than Dominance per se.

  • detailed analysis of paternal knockout grb10 mice suggests effects on stability of social Behavior rather than social Dominance
    bioRxiv, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kira D. A. Rienecker, Andrew Ward, Alexander T. Chavasse, Kim Moorwood, Anthony Roger Isles
    Abstract:

    Imprinted genes are highly expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain and their functions in this area are thought to have an impact on mammalian social Behaviors. One such imprinted gene is Grb10 , of which the paternal allele is currently recognized as mediating social Dominance Behavior. However, there has been no detailed study of social Dominance in Grb10 +/p mice. Moreover, the original study examined tube-test Behavior in isolated mice 10 months of age. Isolation testing favors more territorial and aggressive Behaviors, and does not address social Dominance strategies employed in group housing contexts. Furthermore, isolation stress impacts midbrain function and Dominance related Behavior, often through alterations in monoaminergic signaling. Thus, we undertook a systematic study of Grb10 +/p social rank and Dominance Behavior within the cage group, using a number of convergent Behavioral tests. We examined both male and female mice to account for sex differences, and tested cohorts aged 2, 6, and 10 months to examine any developments related to age. We found group-housed Grb10 +/p mice do not show evidence of enhanced social Dominance, but cages containing Grb10 +/p and wildtype mice lacked the normal correlation between three different measures of social rank. Moreover, a separate study indicated isolation stress induced inconsistent changes in tube test Behavior. Taken together, these data suggest future research on Grb10 +/p mice should focus on the stability of social Behaviors, rather than Dominance per se .

  • detailed analysis of paternal knockout grb10 mice suggests effects on social stability rather than social Dominance
    bioRxiv, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kira D. A. Rienecker, Andrew Ward, Alexander T. Chavasse, Kim Moorwood, Anthony Roger Isles
    Abstract:

    Imprinted genes are highly expressed in monoaminergic regions of the midbrain and their functions in this area are thought to have an impact on mammalian social Behaviors. One such imprinted gene is Grb10, of which the paternal allele is currently recognized as mediating social Dominance Behavior. However, there has been no detailed study of social Dominance in Grb10+/p mice. Moreover, the original study examined tube-test Behavior in isolated mice 10 months of age. Isolation testing favors more territorial and aggressive Behaviors, and does not address social Dominance strategies employed in group housing contexts. Furthermore, isolation stress impacts midbrain function and Dominance related Behavior, often through alterations in monoaminergic signaling. Thus, we undertook a systematic study of Grb10+/p social rank and Dominance Behavior within the cage group, using a number of convergent Behavioral tests. We examined both male and female mice to account for sex differences, and tested cohorts aged 2, 6, and 10 months to examine any developments related to age. We found group-housed Grb10+/p mice do not show evidence of enhanced social Dominance, but cages containing Grb10+/p and wildtype mice lacked the normal correlation between three different measures of social rank. Moreover, a separate study indicated isolation stress induced inconsistent changes in tube test Behavior. Taken together, these data suggest future research on Grb10+/p mice should focus on social stability, rather than Dominance per se.

Kenneth B Platt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus routes of excretion
    Veterinary Microbiology, 1997
    Co-Authors: Robert W Wills, Jeffrey J Zimmerman, Kyoungjin Yoon, Sabrina L Swenson, Lorraine J Hoffman, Michael J Mcginley, Howard T Hill, Kenneth B Platt
    Abstract:

    Abstract This study was conducted to delineate potential sites of exit and duration of shedding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Two experiments of 6 pigs each were conducted. Pigs were farrowed in isolation, weaned at 7 days of age, and housed in individual HEPA filtered isolation chambers. In each experiment, 3 pigs served as controls and 3 were inoculated intranasally with PRRSV (ATCC VR-2402) at 3 weeks of age. In a first experiment, on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 post inoculation (PI), pigs were anesthetized and intubated. The following samples were collected: serum, saliva, conjunctival swabs, urine by cystocentesis, and feces. Upon recovery from anesthesia, the endotracheal tube was removed, rinsed, and the rinse retained. In the second experiment, the sampling schedule was expanded and serum, saliva, and oropharyngeal samples were collected from day 55 to day 124 PI at 14 day intervals. Virus was isolated in porcine alveolar macrophages up to day 14 from urine, day 21 from serum, day 35 from endotracheal tube rinse, day 42 from saliva, and day 84 from oropharyngeal samples. No virus was recovered from conjunctival swabs, fecal samples, or negative control samples. This is the first report of isolation of PRRSV from saliva. Virus-contaminated saliva, especially when considered in the context of social Dominance Behavior among pigs, may play an important role in PRRSV transmission. These results support previous reports of persistent infection with PRRSV prolonged recovery of virus from tonsils of swine.