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Roberta Cipullo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • molecular kinetic study of chain shuttling olefin copolymerization
    ACS Catalysis, 2018
    Co-Authors: Antonio Vittoria, Vincenzo Busico, Felicia Daniela Cannavacciuolo, Roberta Cipullo
    Abstract:

    Statistical olefin block copolymers (OBCs) with “hard” and “soft” linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blocks can be synthesized by tandem catalysis under “coordinative chain transfer polymerization” (CCTP) conditions. This process, disclosed in 2006 and commonly referred to as “chain shuttling copolymerization” (CSCP), is now exploited commercially by Dow Chemical, to produce thermoplastic elastomers with the Infuse trade name. Whereas the general kinetic principles of CSCP as well as the fundamental physical properties of the products are rather well-understood, the details are still poorly defined, to the point that even average block numbers and lengths of commercial Infuse grades are not available in the public domain. In this paper, we report the results of a molecular kinetic investigation in which high throughput experimentation tools and methods were employed to unravel the microstructure and architecture of these materials. The problem was factored in two parts. First, each of the two catalys...

  • Molecular Kinetic Study of “Chain Shuttling” Olefin Copolymerization
    2018
    Co-Authors: Antonio Vittoria, Vincenzo Busico, Felicia Daniela Cannavacciuolo, Roberta Cipullo
    Abstract:

    Statistical olefin block copolymers (OBCs) with “hard” and “soft” linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blocks can be synthesized by tandem catalysis under “coordinative chain transfer polymerization” (CCTP) conditions. This process, disclosed in 2006 and commonly referred to as “chain shuttling copolymerization” (CSCP), is now exploited commercially by Dow Chemical, to produce thermoplastic elastomers with the Infuse trade name. Whereas the general kinetic principles of CSCP as well as the fundamental physical properties of the products are rather well-understood, the details are still poorly defined, to the point that even average block numbers and lengths of commercial Infuse grades are not available in the public domain. In this paper, we report the results of a molecular kinetic investigation in which high throughput experimentation tools and methods were employed to unravel the microstructure and architecture of these materials. The problem was factored in two parts. First, each of the two catalysts in the original Dow Chemical formulation was studied individually in ethene/1-hexene CCTP. Next, the two catalysts together were used in CSCP experiments under otherwise identical reaction conditions. The robust database thus obtained enabled us to disambiguate the interpretation of the results, and sort out system behavior as a function of the relevant variables. Plausibly, the process turned out to be governed by the relative probabilities of “self-shuttling” versus “cross-shuttling” (that is, of exchanging blocks of the same or different type). In particular, the synthesis of OBCs with long hard blocks and an excess of soft blocks, which are those featuring the most desirable application properties, requires a moderate chain shuttling rate and an excess of the catalyst with the higher comonomer incorporation ability; as a result, at practical average molecular weight values, these products are characterized by a pronounced interchain disuniformity, with an abundant fraction of chains undergoing exclusively “self-shuttling” at the aforementioned catalyst, and therefore consisting of just one soft block

Johnathan L. Dimuro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Finding solutions to water scarcity: Incorporating ecosystem service values into business planning at The Dow Chemical Company's Freeport, TX facility
    Ecosystem Services, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sheila M.w. Reddy, Alexander S. Maas, Jeffrey North, Tim Finley, Gená Leathers, Robert I. Mcdonald, Anthony Rogers, Evan H Girvetz, Johnathan L. Dimuro
    Abstract:

    Water scarcity presents a major risk to businesses, but it can be hard to quantify. Ecosystem service valuation methods may help businesses better understand the financial impacts of water shortages and identify solutions. At The Dow Chemical Company's facility in Freeport, TX, we used natural capital asset valuation to assess the risk from future changes in industrial water supplies. We found that the value of industrial water rights may increase in the future with increased demand but that potential decreases in reliability of water rights due to demand growth and climate change could reduce their value. Using this information, experts identified 16 potential nature-based and collaborative (involving other water users) solutions to future water scarcity. We used multi-criteria analysis to select five of the 16 solutions for further analysis. Two solutions (marsh wastewater treatment, land management) were not cost-competitive and three solutions (reservoir flood pool reallocation/floodplain restoration, irrigation efficiency, municipal rebate program) were cost-competitive with the business-as-usual solution (expanding reservoir storage). However, these solutions have significant technical, legal, and political hurdles. We also found that these solutions provide substantial collective benefits to the public and biodiversity, suggesting that such solutions may be appropriate for implementation via multi-stakeholder collaboration.

  • a financial and environmental analysis of constructed wetlands for industrial wastewater treatment
    Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Johnathan L. Dimuro, Richard K Helling, Jessica L Perkins, Scanlon Romer
    Abstract:

    The Dow Chemical Co. (Dow) is actively working to develop an approach to value ecosystem services and incorporate them in business decisions. This study investigates the use of replacement cost methodology (RCM) for financial analysis and life cycle assessment (LCA) for environmental assessment. The case study analyzes a business decision made in 1995, where a constructed wetland was built instead of a sequencing batch reactor to solve a regulatory compliance issue in meeting suspended solids requirements for a wastewater treatment system at the Union Carbide Corp. (a subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Co.) plant in Seadrift, Texas. The financial results indicate that the total net present value savings calculated for implementing the constructed wetland instead of the sequencing batch reactor is $282 million over the project's lifetime. The LCA demonstrates that the lower energy and material inputs to the constructed wetland resulted in lower potential impacts for fossil fuel use, acidification, smog formation, and ozone depletion and likely lead to lower potential impacts for global warming and marine eutrophication. The result from the inventory of land use shows that both the upstream land burdens (for the sequencing batch reactor) and the on‐site acreage of the constructed wetland are similar in magnitude and importance, contrary to the assumption that green infrastructure always requires greater land area. This case study illustrates how Dow can consider financial and environmental analyses in comparing gray and green infrastructure solutions and further understand the benefits of implementing green infrastructure in an appropriate industrial application.

Margaret C. Levenstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mass production conquers the pool firm organization and the nature of competition in the nineteenth century
    The Journal of Economic History, 1995
    Co-Authors: Margaret C. Levenstein
    Abstract:

    This article uses the records of the Dow Chemical Company to analyze the role of distributors in facilitating collusion in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It compares collusion in three closely related markets: salt, bromine, and bleach. Where national distributors with well-established reputations had facilitated the entry of small producers into integrated markets, distributors could also facilitate collusion. Mass-producing entrants, like Dow, joined collusive distribution arrangements while improving their innovative production processes. In the longer run, they integrated forward to escape the output restrictions and arms-length relationship with customers imposed by collusive agreements.

  • information systems and internal organization a study of the Dow Chemical company 1890 1914
    The Journal of Economic History, 1993
    Co-Authors: Margaret C. Levenstein
    Abstract:

    My dissertation examines the relationship between innovation in information processing and innovation in management organization and strategy. Economists and historians have for years credited new information systems and new accounting techniques with providing necessary support for the growth of the large firm. More recently some have taken to blaming these same innovations for the decline in competitiveness and short term vision of American manufacturers. Frequently, however, little reference is made to the actual content of these changes and their implications for management decision-making. My dissertation attempts to evaluate these claims by examining the managerial demands placed upon the information system of one manufacturing firm during a period of organizational, technological, and strategic change. This case study draws on the Herbert Dow papers, which include company correspondence, financial statements, factory reports, lab books, etc. These records were formerly kept in boxes in the Company vault, protected by the secretary to Herbert Dow's successors (his son and then his son-in-law) whose diligence prevented their destruction. They are now housed in the company's archives: a one room schoolhouse where Mrs. Grace Dow taught before she married Herbert Dow. Before submerging myself in these voluminous records, I surveyed the literature on accounting systems in manufacturing firms during the late nineteenth century. Based on studies of the paper, nail, ice, textile, boat, auto, and machine tool industries, I propose a new periodization of changes in information systems. This periodization focuses less on changes in accounting technique than on changes in the function of information systems over this period. The first formal information systems were introduced to monitor people and processes. In firms where there had been increases in labor input

Adriana Vazquez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Dow Chemical Company The Dow Chemical Company
    2015
    Co-Authors: R. G. Ingalls, Bikram Sharda, Adriana Vazquez
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a discrete event simulation based Decision Support System to evaluate tank farm operations. The Deci-sion Support System was developed in order to reduce capital expenditures and assist in decision making for assessing the impact of different improvement opportunities. The simulation based framework captures tank farm dynamics and can be easily scaled for additional products and different tank assignments/configurations. The model was successfully used to eva-luate existing tank farm operations at a Freeport site of Dow Chemical company. In this paper, we discuss the general ap-proach used for modeling tank farm operations and different output metrics generated by the Decision Support System.

  • evaluating capacity and expansion opportunities at tank farm a decision support system using discrete event simulation
    Winter Simulation Conference, 2009
    Co-Authors: Bikram Sharda, Adriana Vazquez
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a discrete event simulation based Decision Support System to evaluate tank farm operations. The Decision Support System was developed in order to reduce capital expenditures and assist in decision making for assessing the impact of different improvement opportunities. The simulation based framework captures tank farm dynamics and can be easily scaled for additional products and different tank assignments/configurations. The model was successfully used to evaluate existing tank farm operations at a Freeport site of Dow Chemical company. In this paper, we discuss the general approach used for modeling tank farm operations and different output metrics generated by the Decision Support System.

Antonio Vittoria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • molecular kinetic study of chain shuttling olefin copolymerization
    ACS Catalysis, 2018
    Co-Authors: Antonio Vittoria, Vincenzo Busico, Felicia Daniela Cannavacciuolo, Roberta Cipullo
    Abstract:

    Statistical olefin block copolymers (OBCs) with “hard” and “soft” linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blocks can be synthesized by tandem catalysis under “coordinative chain transfer polymerization” (CCTP) conditions. This process, disclosed in 2006 and commonly referred to as “chain shuttling copolymerization” (CSCP), is now exploited commercially by Dow Chemical, to produce thermoplastic elastomers with the Infuse trade name. Whereas the general kinetic principles of CSCP as well as the fundamental physical properties of the products are rather well-understood, the details are still poorly defined, to the point that even average block numbers and lengths of commercial Infuse grades are not available in the public domain. In this paper, we report the results of a molecular kinetic investigation in which high throughput experimentation tools and methods were employed to unravel the microstructure and architecture of these materials. The problem was factored in two parts. First, each of the two catalys...

  • Molecular Kinetic Study of “Chain Shuttling” Olefin Copolymerization
    2018
    Co-Authors: Antonio Vittoria, Vincenzo Busico, Felicia Daniela Cannavacciuolo, Roberta Cipullo
    Abstract:

    Statistical olefin block copolymers (OBCs) with “hard” and “soft” linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) blocks can be synthesized by tandem catalysis under “coordinative chain transfer polymerization” (CCTP) conditions. This process, disclosed in 2006 and commonly referred to as “chain shuttling copolymerization” (CSCP), is now exploited commercially by Dow Chemical, to produce thermoplastic elastomers with the Infuse trade name. Whereas the general kinetic principles of CSCP as well as the fundamental physical properties of the products are rather well-understood, the details are still poorly defined, to the point that even average block numbers and lengths of commercial Infuse grades are not available in the public domain. In this paper, we report the results of a molecular kinetic investigation in which high throughput experimentation tools and methods were employed to unravel the microstructure and architecture of these materials. The problem was factored in two parts. First, each of the two catalysts in the original Dow Chemical formulation was studied individually in ethene/1-hexene CCTP. Next, the two catalysts together were used in CSCP experiments under otherwise identical reaction conditions. The robust database thus obtained enabled us to disambiguate the interpretation of the results, and sort out system behavior as a function of the relevant variables. Plausibly, the process turned out to be governed by the relative probabilities of “self-shuttling” versus “cross-shuttling” (that is, of exchanging blocks of the same or different type). In particular, the synthesis of OBCs with long hard blocks and an excess of soft blocks, which are those featuring the most desirable application properties, requires a moderate chain shuttling rate and an excess of the catalyst with the higher comonomer incorporation ability; as a result, at practical average molecular weight values, these products are characterized by a pronounced interchain disuniformity, with an abundant fraction of chains undergoing exclusively “self-shuttling” at the aforementioned catalyst, and therefore consisting of just one soft block