The Experts below are selected from a list of 291 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Frederick X. Gibbons - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Social Comparison, Judgment, and Behavior - Individual Differences in Social Comparison: The Complex Effects of Social Comparison Orientation
    Social Comparison Judgment and Behavior, 2019
    Co-Authors: Abraham P. Buunk, Frederick X. Gibbons, Pieternel Dijkstra, Zlatan Krizan
    Abstract:

    Individuals differ considerably in their Social Comparison orientation (SCO), that is, the extent to which and the frequency with which they compare themselves with others. In this chapter, the major findings with the scale assessing SCO are discussed. After presenting the basic psychometric properties of the scale and the relationships with various personality variables, the authors discuss how SCO is related to, among others, seeking upward and Downward Social Comparison information, to establishing one’s risk, and to assessing one’s future prospects. Next, we present particularly the role of SCO in moderating the effects of upward and Downward Social Comparison information with respect to a variety of contexts and dimensions, including close relationships, ageing, work and organizations, depression, health, and physical attractiveness. Special attention is paid to the question if SCO fosters identification and assimilation rather than contrast.

  • Effects of upward and Downward Social Comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: a randomized, controlled experiment
    Journal of behavioral medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heike I. M. Mahler, Meg Gerrard, James A. Kulik, Frederick X. Gibbons
    Abstract:

    This experiment examined the impact of adding upward and/or Downward Social Comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention (UV photos and photoaging information). Southern California college students (N = 126) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control, intervention, intervention plus upward Social Comparison, intervention plus Downward Social Comparison. The results demonstrated that all those who received the basic UV photo/photoaging intervention reported greater perceived susceptibility to photoaging (d = .74), less favorable tanning cognitions (d = .44), and greater intentions to sun protect (d = 1.32) relative to controls. Of more interest, while the basic intervention increased sun protective behavior during the subsequent 5 weeks relative to controls (d = .44), the addition of Downward Comparison information completely negated this benefit. Upward Comparison information produced sun protection levels that were only slightly (and nonsignificantly) greater than in the basic intervention condition and, as such, does not appear to be a cost-effective addition. Possible mechanisms that may have reduced the benefits of upward Comparison information and contributed to the undermining effects of Downward Comparison information are discussed.

  • Social Comparison and the pill reactions to upward and Downward Comparison of contraceptive behavior
    Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1993
    Co-Authors: Theresa J Reis, Meg Gerrard, Frederick X. Gibbons
    Abstract:

    It has been assumed that engaging in Downward Social Comparison can improve subjective well-being both by ameliorating negative mood and by improving self-concept. Although a number of studies have demonstrated the effect of Downward Comparison on mood, there has been little empirical evidence of its effect on self-concept. The results of the current study indicate that Downward Comparison can increase self-esteem and does so especially for persons with relative low self-esteem. The results also suggest that upward Comparison opportunities have different effects on the attitudes of high- and low-self-esteem persons.

  • Self-esteem, similarity, and reactions to active versus passive Downward Comparison
    Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1991
    Co-Authors: Frederick X. Gibbons, Sue Boney Mccoy
    Abstract:

    We tested the hypothesis that both high and low self-esteem persons engage in Downward Social Comparison, but do so in different ways

Janet Polivy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Heike I. M. Mahler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The relative role of cognitive and emotional reactions in mediating the effects of a Social Comparison sun protection intervention.
    Psychology & health, 2017
    Co-Authors: Heike I. M. Mahler
    Abstract:

    Objective: This experiment examined the cognitive and emotional impact of two Social Comparison-based sun protection interventions in a sample of Southern California college students (N = 223). One of the interventions employed Comparison UV photos of peers who had either much more (Downward Social Comparison) or much less (upward Social Comparison) skin damage than did participants themselves. The second intervention consisted of descriptive norms information suggesting that a large majority of the participants’ peer group regularly protect their skin from the sun.Design: Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions in a 4 (Social Comparison Information: no photo vs. no Comparison photos vs. upward Comparison photos vs. Downward Comparison photos) × 2 (Descriptive Norms Information: Received vs. not received) design.Main Outcome Measures: Emotional reactions (e.g. worry, embarrassment, relief) and sun-related cognitive reactions (perceived susceptibility, sun protection intentions) were...

  • Effects of upward and Downward Social Comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: a randomized, controlled experiment
    Journal of behavioral medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heike I. M. Mahler, Meg Gerrard, James A. Kulik, Frederick X. Gibbons
    Abstract:

    This experiment examined the impact of adding upward and/or Downward Social Comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention (UV photos and photoaging information). Southern California college students (N = 126) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control, intervention, intervention plus upward Social Comparison, intervention plus Downward Social Comparison. The results demonstrated that all those who received the basic UV photo/photoaging intervention reported greater perceived susceptibility to photoaging (d = .74), less favorable tanning cognitions (d = .44), and greater intentions to sun protect (d = 1.32) relative to controls. Of more interest, while the basic intervention increased sun protective behavior during the subsequent 5 weeks relative to controls (d = .44), the addition of Downward Comparison information completely negated this benefit. Upward Comparison information produced sun protection levels that were only slightly (and nonsignificantly) greater than in the basic intervention condition and, as such, does not appear to be a cost-effective addition. Possible mechanisms that may have reduced the benefits of upward Comparison information and contributed to the undermining effects of Downward Comparison information are discussed.

Robert B. Cialdini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Let them all eat cake: Providing VIP services without the cost of exclusion for non-VIP customers
    Journal of Business Research, 2015
    Co-Authors: Paul W. Fombelle, Nancy J. Sirianni, Noah J. Goldstein, Robert B. Cialdini
    Abstract:

    Abstract Using quasi-field and lab experiments, this research examines the underlying Social Comparison process involved when consumers evaluate their satisfaction with both VIP group membership and non-VIP group membership during VIP service experiences. Results show that perceptions of face mediate the relationship between group membership and satisfaction. VIPs report higher satisfaction due to feelings of enhanced face, and non-VIPs report lower satisfaction due to feelings of decreased face. For VIPs, service experiences are heightened by situations that allow visible Downward Social Comparison. Further, VIPs' level of previous experience with VIP group membership moderates this effect. Finally, non-VIPs, which comprise the majority, are more satisfied when upward Social Comparison is not possible. This research is the first to offer service managers insight into the strategic design of offerings that maximize both VIP and non-VIP groups' satisfaction during status-oriented consumption experiences.

Meg Gerrard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effects of upward and Downward Social Comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention: a randomized, controlled experiment
    Journal of behavioral medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heike I. M. Mahler, Meg Gerrard, James A. Kulik, Frederick X. Gibbons
    Abstract:

    This experiment examined the impact of adding upward and/or Downward Social Comparison information on the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention (UV photos and photoaging information). Southern California college students (N = 126) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: control, intervention, intervention plus upward Social Comparison, intervention plus Downward Social Comparison. The results demonstrated that all those who received the basic UV photo/photoaging intervention reported greater perceived susceptibility to photoaging (d = .74), less favorable tanning cognitions (d = .44), and greater intentions to sun protect (d = 1.32) relative to controls. Of more interest, while the basic intervention increased sun protective behavior during the subsequent 5 weeks relative to controls (d = .44), the addition of Downward Comparison information completely negated this benefit. Upward Comparison information produced sun protection levels that were only slightly (and nonsignificantly) greater than in the basic intervention condition and, as such, does not appear to be a cost-effective addition. Possible mechanisms that may have reduced the benefits of upward Comparison information and contributed to the undermining effects of Downward Comparison information are discussed.

  • Social Comparison and the pill reactions to upward and Downward Comparison of contraceptive behavior
    Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1993
    Co-Authors: Theresa J Reis, Meg Gerrard, Frederick X. Gibbons
    Abstract:

    It has been assumed that engaging in Downward Social Comparison can improve subjective well-being both by ameliorating negative mood and by improving self-concept. Although a number of studies have demonstrated the effect of Downward Comparison on mood, there has been little empirical evidence of its effect on self-concept. The results of the current study indicate that Downward Comparison can increase self-esteem and does so especially for persons with relative low self-esteem. The results also suggest that upward Comparison opportunities have different effects on the attitudes of high- and low-self-esteem persons.