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Mark L Eberhard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Possible Role of Fish as Transport Hosts for Dracunculus spp. Larvae.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher A Cleveland, Mark L Eberhard, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Robert B Bringolf, Alec T. Thompson, Stephen J. Smith, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:To inform Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm) eradication efforts, we evaluated the role of fish as transport hosts for Dracunculus worms. Ferrets fed fish that had ingested infected copepods became infected, highlighting the importance of recommendations to cook fish, bury entrails, and prevent dogs from consuming raw fish and entrails.
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guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis infection in a wild caught frog chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:A third-stage (infective) larva of Dracunculus medinensis, the causative agent of Guinea worm disease, was recovered from a wild-caught Phrynobatrachus francisci frog in Chad. Although green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) have been experimentally infected with D. medinensis worms, our findings prove that frogs can serve as natural paratenic hosts.
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possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of Dracunculus medinensis chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Henry S Bishop, John C Maerz, Robert B Bringolf, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:: Copepods infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae collected from infected dogs in Chad were fed to 2 species of fish and tadpoles. Although they readily ingested copepods, neither species of fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nor fathead minnow (Pimephalis promelas), were found to harbor Dracunculus larvae when examined 2-3 weeks later. Tadpoles ingested copepods much more slowly; however, upon examination at the same time interval, tadpoles of green frogs (Lithobates [Rana] clamitans) were found to harbor small numbers of Dracunculus larvae. Two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were fed fish or tadpoles that had been exposed to infected copepods. Only the ferret fed tadpoles harbored developing Dracunculus larvae at necropsy 70-80 days postexposure. These observations confirm that D. medinensis, like other species in the genus Dracunculus, can readily survive and remain infective in potential paratenic hosts, especially tadpoles.
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first report of Dracunculus insignis in two naturally infected cats from the northeastern usa
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2014Co-Authors: Araceli Lucioforster, Mark L Eberhard, Vitaliano Cama, Mary H Jenks, Carroll Jones, Sara Y Sanders, Jennifer P Pongratz, Dwight D BowmanAbstract:Dracunculiasis is rarely reported in cats, yet over the last few years we have identified two cats with filarioid-like spirurid infections. Case 1 was a 9-year-old cat with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism from New York tate from which four adult dracunculoid nematodes were isolated from its torso. Based on morphometric characteristics and parasite geographic distribution, the specimens were identified as Dracunculus insignis females; at least one of the females was gravid, suggestive of patent infection. Species identification was confirmed through amplification and sequence analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Case 2 was a 14-year-old diabetic cat from Massachusetts. Formalin-fixed sections were obtained from a subcutaneous mass excised from the left foreleg. Histopathological examination revealed a large nematode with morphometrical characteristics of Dracunculus, surrounded by lymphocytes and sheets of eosinophils. These two cases appear to be the first published reports of dracunculias...
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First report of Dracunculus insignis in two naturally infected cats from the northeastern USA.
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2013Co-Authors: Araceli Lucio-forster, Mark L Eberhard, Vitaliano Cama, Mary H Jenks, Carroll Jones, Sara Y Sanders, Jennifer P Pongratz, Dwight D BowmanAbstract:Dracunculiasis is rarely reported in cats, yet over the last few years we have identified two cats with filarioid-like spirurid infections. Case 1 was a 9-year-old cat with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism from New York tate from which four adult dracunculoid nematodes were isolated from its torso. Based on morphometric characteristics and parasite geographic distribution, the specimens were identified as Dracunculus insignis females; at least one of the females was gravid, suggestive of patent infection. Species identification was confirmed through amplification and sequence analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial loci. Case 2 was a 14-year-old diabetic cat from Massachusetts. Formalin-fixed sections were obtained from a subcutaneous mass excised from the left foreleg. Histopathological examination revealed a large nematode with morphometrical characteristics of Dracunculus, surrounded by lymphocytes and sheets of eosinophils. These two cases appear to be the first published reports of dracunculiasis in domestic cats in the USA, and based on the findings from case 1, D insignis may be the species associated with both infections.
David M Ribnicky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the designer approach helps decipher the hypoglycemic bioactive principles of artemisia Dracunculus russian tarragon
Journal of Natural Products, 2019Co-Authors: Yongmei Yu, David M Ribnicky, Alexander Poulev, Ilya Raskin, Charlotte Simmler, Peter Kuhn, Elizabeth Z Floyd, Guido F PauliAbstract:Complementing classical drug discovery, phytochemicals act on multiple pharmacological targets, especially in botanical extracts, where they form complex bioactive mixtures. The reductionist approach used in bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify single bioactive phytochemicals is inadequate for capturing the full therapeutic potential of the (bio)chemical interactions present in such complex mixtures. This study used a DESIGNER (Deplete and Enrich Select Ingredients to Generate Normalized Extract Resources) approach to selectively remove the known bioactives, 4′-O-methyldavidigenin (1; 4,2′-dihydroxy-4′-methoxydihydrochalcone, syn. DMC-1) and its isomer 4-O-methyldavidigenin (2; syn. DMC-2), from the mixture of phytochemicals in an ethanol extract from Artemisia Dracunculus to determine to what degree the more abundant 2 accounts for the established antidiabetic effect of the A. Dracunculus extract. Using an otherwise chemically intact “knock-out extract” depleted in 2 and its regioisomer, 1, in vi...
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an extract of artemisia Dracunculus l stimulates insulin secretion from β cells activates ampk and suppresses inflammation
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015Co-Authors: Sita Aggarwal, David M Ribnicky, Giri Shailendra, David H Burk, Namrata Karki, M Qingxia S WangAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Artemisia Dracunculus L. (Russian tarragon) is a perennial herb belonging to the family Compositae and has a history of medicinal use in humans, particularly for treatment of diabetes. Aim of the study: In this study a defined plant extract from A. Dracunculus L. (termed PMI-5011) is used to improve beta(β) cells function and maintain β cell number in pancreatic islets as an alternative drug approach for successful treatment of diabetes. Materials and methods Mouse and human pancreatic beta cells were treated with defined plant extract of A. Dracunculus L. (PMI-5011) to understand the mechanism(s) that influence beta cell function and β cell number. Results We found that the PMI-5011 enhances insulin release from primary β cells, isolated mouse and human islets and it maintains β cell number. Insulin released by PMI-5011 is associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and protein kinase B (PKB). Furthermore, PMI-5011 suppresses LPS/INFγ-induced inflammation and inflammatory mediator(s) in macrophages. PMI-5011 inhibited Nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the protein level and also attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) production in macrophages. Conclusion PMI-5011 has potential therapeutic value for diabetes treatment via increasing insulin release from β cells and decreases capacity of macrophages to combat inflammation.
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artemisia Dracunculus l extract ameliorates insulin sensitivity by attenuating inflammatory signalling in human skeletal muscle culture
Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, 2014Co-Authors: Bolormaa Vandanmagsar, David M Ribnicky, William T Cefalu, Kimberly R Haynie, Shawna E Wicks, Estrellita M Bermudez, Tamra Mendoza, Randall L MynattAbstract:Aims Bioactives of Artemisia Dracunculus L. (termed PMI 5011) have been shown to improve insulin action by increasing insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. However, it has not known if PMI 5011’s effects are retained during an inflammatory condition. We examined the attenuation of insulin action and whether PMI 5011 enhances insulin signalling in the inflammatory environment with elevated cytokines.
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artemisia Dracunculus l polyphenols complexed to soy protein show enhanced bioavailability and hypoglycemic activity in c57bl 6 mice
Nutrition, 2014Co-Authors: David M Ribnicky, Alexander Poulev, William T Cefalu, Peter Kuhn, Diana E Roopchand, Andrew Oren, Ilya RaskinAbstract:Abstract Objective Scientifically validated food-based interventions are a practical means of addressing the epidemic of metabolic syndrome. An ethanolic extract of Artemisia Dracunculus L. (PMI-5011) containing bioactive polyphenols, such as 2′, 4′–dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (DMC-2), improved insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo . Plant polyphenols are concentrated and stabilized when complexed to protein-rich matrices, such as soy protein isolate (SPI), which act as effective food-based delivery vehicles. The aim of this study was to compare the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and efficacy of polyphenols extracted from A. Dracunculus and delivered as PMI-5011 (ethanolic extract alone), formulated with the non-food excipient Gelucire ® , (5011- Gelucire), or sorbed to SPI (5011-Nutrasorb ® ). Methods PMI-5011, 5011-Gelucire or 5011-Nutrasorb each containing 162 μg of DMC-2 was delivered to the TNO intestinal model-1 of the human upper gastrointestinal tract to compare the effect of delivery vehicle on DMC-2 bioaccessibility. C57BL6/J mice were orally administered 5011-Nutrasorb or PMI-5011 to compare effects of polyphenol–protein complexation on acute hypoglycemic activity and bioavailability of DMC-2 in serum. Results At 500 mg/kg, 5011-Nutrasorb and PMI-5011 had similar hypoglycemic activity in a high-fat diet-induced diabetes mouse model despite the fact that 5011-Nutrasorb delivered 15 times less DMC-2 (40 versus 600 μg/kg). This can be partially explained by eight times greater DMC-2 absorption into serum from 5011-Nutrasorb than from PMI-5011. TNO intestinal model-1 experiments confirmed higher total bioaccessibility of DMC-2 in vitro when delivered in 5011-Nutrasorb (50.2%) or Gelucire-5011 (44.4%) compared with PMI-5011 (27.1%; P = 0.08). Conclusion Complexation with soy protein makes antidiabetic A. Dracunculus polyphenols more bioavailable and bioaccessible.
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regulation of insulin action by an extract of artemisia Dracunculus l in primary human skeletal muscle culture a proteomics approach
Phytotherapy Research, 2010Co-Authors: Indu Kheterpal, David M Ribnicky, Zhong Q Wang, Liana Coleman, Ginger Ku, William T CefaluAbstract:An ethanolic extract of Artemisia Dracunculus L. (PMI 5011) has been observed to decrease glucose and insulin levels in animal models and enhance cellular signaling in cultured cells. To determine the mechanism of action of PMI-5011, we have measured changes in protein expression in human primary skeletal muscle culture (HSMC) from subjects with Type 2 diabetes. After obtaining skeletal muscle biopsies, HSMCs were initiated, grown to confluence, and exposed to 10 µg/mL PMI 5011 overnight. Two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis was used to separate proteins, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially regulated proteins. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to confirm candidate proteins identified. These data demonstrate that a well characterized botanical extract of Artemisia Dracunculus L. significantly modulates proteins involved in regulating inflammatory pathways, particularly the NFκB complex system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Michael J Yabsley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the wild world of guinea worms a review of the genus Dracunculus in wildlife
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2018Co-Authors: Christopher A Cleveland, Kayla B Garrett, Rebecca A Cozad, Brianna M Williams, Maureen Murray, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:Abstract Nematodes are an extremely diverse and speciose group of parasites. Adult dracunculoid nematodes (Superfamily Dracunculoidea) occur in the tissues and serous cavities of mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds. Of the dracunculid group, perhaps best known is Dracunculus medinensis, the human Guinea Worm. Considerable work has been done on D. medinensis; however recent infections in peri-domestic dogs and the finding of naturally-infected paratenic hosts (previously unreported for D. medinensis) indicate we still have much to learn about these parasites. Furthermore, among eight species in the Old World and six species in the New World there is a lack of general life history knowledge as well as questions on species occurrence, host diversity, and transmission dynamics. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the genus Dracunculus, in order of a theoretical evolutionary progression from reptilian to mammalian hosts. Species descriptions, where available, are provided but also show where gaps occur in our knowledge of various species. Additionally, many first reports of Dracunculus spp. were done prior to the development and use of molecular tools. This is especially important for this group of parasites as speciation based on morphology is only applicable to males of the genus, and males, given their size, are notoriously difficult to recover from definitive hosts. Therefore, we also discuss current molecular tools used in the investigation of this group of parasites. Given recent host-switching events, the dracunculids are of increasing importance and require further work to expand our understanding of this genus.
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Possible Role of Fish as Transport Hosts for Dracunculus spp. Larvae.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher A Cleveland, Mark L Eberhard, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Robert B Bringolf, Alec T. Thompson, Stephen J. Smith, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:To inform Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm) eradication efforts, we evaluated the role of fish as transport hosts for Dracunculus worms. Ferrets fed fish that had ingested infected copepods became infected, highlighting the importance of recommendations to cook fish, bury entrails, and prevent dogs from consuming raw fish and entrails.
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guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis infection in a wild caught frog chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:A third-stage (infective) larva of Dracunculus medinensis, the causative agent of Guinea worm disease, was recovered from a wild-caught Phrynobatrachus francisci frog in Chad. Although green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) have been experimentally infected with D. medinensis worms, our findings prove that frogs can serve as natural paratenic hosts.
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possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of Dracunculus medinensis chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Henry S Bishop, John C Maerz, Robert B Bringolf, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:: Copepods infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae collected from infected dogs in Chad were fed to 2 species of fish and tadpoles. Although they readily ingested copepods, neither species of fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nor fathead minnow (Pimephalis promelas), were found to harbor Dracunculus larvae when examined 2-3 weeks later. Tadpoles ingested copepods much more slowly; however, upon examination at the same time interval, tadpoles of green frogs (Lithobates [Rana] clamitans) were found to harbor small numbers of Dracunculus larvae. Two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were fed fish or tadpoles that had been exposed to infected copepods. Only the ferret fed tadpoles harbored developing Dracunculus larvae at necropsy 70-80 days postexposure. These observations confirm that D. medinensis, like other species in the genus Dracunculus, can readily survive and remain infective in potential paratenic hosts, especially tadpoles.
Ernesto Ruiztiben - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis infection in a wild caught frog chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:A third-stage (infective) larva of Dracunculus medinensis, the causative agent of Guinea worm disease, was recovered from a wild-caught Phrynobatrachus francisci frog in Chad. Although green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) have been experimentally infected with D. medinensis worms, our findings prove that frogs can serve as natural paratenic hosts.
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possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of Dracunculus medinensis chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Henry S Bishop, John C Maerz, Robert B Bringolf, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:: Copepods infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae collected from infected dogs in Chad were fed to 2 species of fish and tadpoles. Although they readily ingested copepods, neither species of fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nor fathead minnow (Pimephalis promelas), were found to harbor Dracunculus larvae when examined 2-3 weeks later. Tadpoles ingested copepods much more slowly; however, upon examination at the same time interval, tadpoles of green frogs (Lithobates [Rana] clamitans) were found to harbor small numbers of Dracunculus larvae. Two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were fed fish or tadpoles that had been exposed to infected copepods. Only the ferret fed tadpoles harbored developing Dracunculus larvae at necropsy 70-80 days postexposure. These observations confirm that D. medinensis, like other species in the genus Dracunculus, can readily survive and remain infective in potential paratenic hosts, especially tadpoles.
Christopher A Cleveland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the wild world of guinea worms a review of the genus Dracunculus in wildlife
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife, 2018Co-Authors: Christopher A Cleveland, Kayla B Garrett, Rebecca A Cozad, Brianna M Williams, Maureen Murray, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:Abstract Nematodes are an extremely diverse and speciose group of parasites. Adult dracunculoid nematodes (Superfamily Dracunculoidea) occur in the tissues and serous cavities of mammals, fish, reptiles, amphibians and birds. Of the dracunculid group, perhaps best known is Dracunculus medinensis, the human Guinea Worm. Considerable work has been done on D. medinensis; however recent infections in peri-domestic dogs and the finding of naturally-infected paratenic hosts (previously unreported for D. medinensis) indicate we still have much to learn about these parasites. Furthermore, among eight species in the Old World and six species in the New World there is a lack of general life history knowledge as well as questions on species occurrence, host diversity, and transmission dynamics. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the genus Dracunculus, in order of a theoretical evolutionary progression from reptilian to mammalian hosts. Species descriptions, where available, are provided but also show where gaps occur in our knowledge of various species. Additionally, many first reports of Dracunculus spp. were done prior to the development and use of molecular tools. This is especially important for this group of parasites as speciation based on morphology is only applicable to males of the genus, and males, given their size, are notoriously difficult to recover from definitive hosts. Therefore, we also discuss current molecular tools used in the investigation of this group of parasites. Given recent host-switching events, the dracunculids are of increasing importance and require further work to expand our understanding of this genus.
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Possible Role of Fish as Transport Hosts for Dracunculus spp. Larvae.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Christopher A Cleveland, Mark L Eberhard, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Robert B Bringolf, Alec T. Thompson, Stephen J. Smith, Michael J YabsleyAbstract:To inform Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm) eradication efforts, we evaluated the role of fish as transport hosts for Dracunculus worms. Ferrets fed fish that had ingested infected copepods became infected, highlighting the importance of recommendations to cook fish, bury entrails, and prevent dogs from consuming raw fish and entrails.
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guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis infection in a wild caught frog chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Philippe Tchindebet Ouakou, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:A third-stage (infective) larva of Dracunculus medinensis, the causative agent of Guinea worm disease, was recovered from a wild-caught Phrynobatrachus francisci frog in Chad. Although green frogs (Lithobates clamitans) have been experimentally infected with D. medinensis worms, our findings prove that frogs can serve as natural paratenic hosts.
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possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of Dracunculus medinensis chad
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, Christopher A Cleveland, Hubert Zirimwabagabo, Henry S Bishop, John C Maerz, Robert B Bringolf, Michael J Yabsley, Ernesto RuiztibenAbstract:: Copepods infected with Dracunculus medinensis larvae collected from infected dogs in Chad were fed to 2 species of fish and tadpoles. Although they readily ingested copepods, neither species of fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) nor fathead minnow (Pimephalis promelas), were found to harbor Dracunculus larvae when examined 2-3 weeks later. Tadpoles ingested copepods much more slowly; however, upon examination at the same time interval, tadpoles of green frogs (Lithobates [Rana] clamitans) were found to harbor small numbers of Dracunculus larvae. Two ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) were fed fish or tadpoles that had been exposed to infected copepods. Only the ferret fed tadpoles harbored developing Dracunculus larvae at necropsy 70-80 days postexposure. These observations confirm that D. medinensis, like other species in the genus Dracunculus, can readily survive and remain infective in potential paratenic hosts, especially tadpoles.
