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Dietmar R Kammerer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolic fate of cardiac glycosides and flavonoids upon fermentation of aqueous sea squill (Drimia maritima L.) extracts.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:Abstract Sea squill (Drimia maritima L.) extracts have been used for centuries for the medical treatment of heart diseases. A procedure for the preparation of Drimia extracts applied for such purposes comprising a fermentation step is described in the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP). However, little is known about the secondary metabolite profile of such extracts and the fate of these components upon processing and storage. Thus, in the present study sea squill extracts were monitored during fermentation and storage by HPLC-DAD–MSn and GC–MS to characterise and quantitate individual cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds. For this purpose, a previously established HPLC method for the separation and quantitation of pharmacologically relevant cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides) was validated. Within 12 months of storage, total bufadienolide contents decreased by about 50%, which was attributed to microbial and plant enzyme activities. The metabolisation and degradation rates of individual bufadienolide glycosides significantly differed, which was attributed to differing structures of the aglycones. Further degradation of bufadienolide aglycones was also observed. Besides reactions well known from human metabolism studies, dehydration of individual compounds was monitored. Quantitatively predominating flavonoids were also metabolised throughout the fermentation process. The present study provides valuable information about the profile and stability of individual cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds in fermented Drimia extracts prepared for medical applications, and expands the knowledge of cardiac glycoside conversion upon microbial fermentation.
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stabilitat von herzglykosiden in wassrigen bzw wassrig fermentierten extrakten aus der meerzwiebel Drimia maritima l stearn
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2014Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:In der vorliegenden Studie wurden ein rein wassriger Extrakt und ein wassrig fermentierter Extrakt, hergestellt nach dem Homoopathischem Arzneibuch (HAB), aus der Meerzwiebel ( Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) bei unterschiedlichen Temperatur- und Lichtbedingungen gelagert. In regelmasigen Abstanden wurde die Stabilitat der Herzglykoside in diesen Extrakten mittels HPLC-DAD-MSn bewertet. Die geringsten Abbauraten der Einzelkomponenten wurden bei einer Lagerung im Dunkeln bei 5 °C ermittelt. Schon eine Temperaturerhohung auf 20 °C beschleunigte den Abbau bzw. die Metabolisierung der Bufadienolide. Die geringste Stabilitat wurde unter Belichtung bei 20 °C ermittelt. Auserdem war ein deutlicher Unterschied zwischen den auf unterschiedliche Weisen gewonnenen Extrakten beobachtbar. So wiesen die Herzglykoside im Extrakt, der nach HAB hergestellt wurde, eine deutliche hohere Stabilitat unter allen Lagerbedingungen auf. Stichworter: Meerzwiebel, Herzglykoside, Stabilitat, Belichtung, Pflanzenextrakt, Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn Stability of cardiac glycosides in aqueous and fermented aqueous extracts from sea squill ( Drimia maritima L. Stearn) In the present study an aqueous and a fermented aqueous extract, obtained according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP), from sea squill ( Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) were stored under different light and temperature conditions. Stability of cardiac glycosides in these extracts was evaluated periodically by HPLC-DAD-MS. Lowest degradation rates of individual compounds were observed upon storage at 5 °C in the dark. Increasing the temperature at 20 °C accelerated compound degradation and the formation of bufadienolide metabolites. Poorest stability was found upon storage at 20 °C with light exposure. Furthermore, clear-cut differences were observed between the extracts obtained according to different protocols. Stability of cardiac glycosides in the extract obtained according to the GHP was generally improved, irrespective of the storage conditions. Keywords: sea squill, cardiac glycosides, stability, light exposure, plant extract, Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn
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Simultaneous determination of bufadienolides and phenolic compounds in sea squill (Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) by HPLC-DAD-MSn as a means to differentiate individual plant parts and developmental stages.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:Mediterranean sea squill (Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) is used in the production of medicinal products. Current HPLC methods comprise tedious sample clean-up and have been merely focused on the analysis of cardiac glycosides, whereas a thorough characterization of D. maritima considering both the latter compound class and more hydrophilic secondary metabolites in one HPLC run has not been performed so far. Consequently, a novel HPLC-DAD-MSn method has been developed allowing the simultaneous determination of both cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds, which is characterized by simplified sample preparation. This method was applied to characterize sea squill, revealing a complex profile of its extractive compounds derived from the two classes. Furthermore, the potential of the method reported here to quantitate the predominant compounds, i.e., dihydroquercetin derivatives and bufadienolides, was demonstrated. The occurrence of phenolic compounds, not described for sea squill so far, and of characteristic compounds specific to individual plant parts or vegetation stages was further addressed. The data revealed that classification of various vegetation phases based on quantitative evaluation of bufadienolides and dihydroquercetin derivatives applying principal component analysis (PCA) appears possible. Thus, the methodology presented here forms the basis for future routine application in quality control of raw materials and pharmaceutical preparations derived from sea squill. This will allow systematic comparison of different plant parts, vegetation stages and origins based on an extended sample set.
Diana N Knittel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolic fate of cardiac glycosides and flavonoids upon fermentation of aqueous sea squill (Drimia maritima L.) extracts.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:Abstract Sea squill (Drimia maritima L.) extracts have been used for centuries for the medical treatment of heart diseases. A procedure for the preparation of Drimia extracts applied for such purposes comprising a fermentation step is described in the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP). However, little is known about the secondary metabolite profile of such extracts and the fate of these components upon processing and storage. Thus, in the present study sea squill extracts were monitored during fermentation and storage by HPLC-DAD–MSn and GC–MS to characterise and quantitate individual cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds. For this purpose, a previously established HPLC method for the separation and quantitation of pharmacologically relevant cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides) was validated. Within 12 months of storage, total bufadienolide contents decreased by about 50%, which was attributed to microbial and plant enzyme activities. The metabolisation and degradation rates of individual bufadienolide glycosides significantly differed, which was attributed to differing structures of the aglycones. Further degradation of bufadienolide aglycones was also observed. Besides reactions well known from human metabolism studies, dehydration of individual compounds was monitored. Quantitatively predominating flavonoids were also metabolised throughout the fermentation process. The present study provides valuable information about the profile and stability of individual cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds in fermented Drimia extracts prepared for medical applications, and expands the knowledge of cardiac glycoside conversion upon microbial fermentation.
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stabilitat von herzglykosiden in wassrigen bzw wassrig fermentierten extrakten aus der meerzwiebel Drimia maritima l stearn
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2014Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:In der vorliegenden Studie wurden ein rein wassriger Extrakt und ein wassrig fermentierter Extrakt, hergestellt nach dem Homoopathischem Arzneibuch (HAB), aus der Meerzwiebel ( Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) bei unterschiedlichen Temperatur- und Lichtbedingungen gelagert. In regelmasigen Abstanden wurde die Stabilitat der Herzglykoside in diesen Extrakten mittels HPLC-DAD-MSn bewertet. Die geringsten Abbauraten der Einzelkomponenten wurden bei einer Lagerung im Dunkeln bei 5 °C ermittelt. Schon eine Temperaturerhohung auf 20 °C beschleunigte den Abbau bzw. die Metabolisierung der Bufadienolide. Die geringste Stabilitat wurde unter Belichtung bei 20 °C ermittelt. Auserdem war ein deutlicher Unterschied zwischen den auf unterschiedliche Weisen gewonnenen Extrakten beobachtbar. So wiesen die Herzglykoside im Extrakt, der nach HAB hergestellt wurde, eine deutliche hohere Stabilitat unter allen Lagerbedingungen auf. Stichworter: Meerzwiebel, Herzglykoside, Stabilitat, Belichtung, Pflanzenextrakt, Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn Stability of cardiac glycosides in aqueous and fermented aqueous extracts from sea squill ( Drimia maritima L. Stearn) In the present study an aqueous and a fermented aqueous extract, obtained according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP), from sea squill ( Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) were stored under different light and temperature conditions. Stability of cardiac glycosides in these extracts was evaluated periodically by HPLC-DAD-MS. Lowest degradation rates of individual compounds were observed upon storage at 5 °C in the dark. Increasing the temperature at 20 °C accelerated compound degradation and the formation of bufadienolide metabolites. Poorest stability was found upon storage at 20 °C with light exposure. Furthermore, clear-cut differences were observed between the extracts obtained according to different protocols. Stability of cardiac glycosides in the extract obtained according to the GHP was generally improved, irrespective of the storage conditions. Keywords: sea squill, cardiac glycosides, stability, light exposure, plant extract, Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn
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Simultaneous determination of bufadienolides and phenolic compounds in sea squill (Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) by HPLC-DAD-MSn as a means to differentiate individual plant parts and developmental stages.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:Mediterranean sea squill (Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) is used in the production of medicinal products. Current HPLC methods comprise tedious sample clean-up and have been merely focused on the analysis of cardiac glycosides, whereas a thorough characterization of D. maritima considering both the latter compound class and more hydrophilic secondary metabolites in one HPLC run has not been performed so far. Consequently, a novel HPLC-DAD-MSn method has been developed allowing the simultaneous determination of both cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds, which is characterized by simplified sample preparation. This method was applied to characterize sea squill, revealing a complex profile of its extractive compounds derived from the two classes. Furthermore, the potential of the method reported here to quantitate the predominant compounds, i.e., dihydroquercetin derivatives and bufadienolides, was demonstrated. The occurrence of phenolic compounds, not described for sea squill so far, and of characteristic compounds specific to individual plant parts or vegetation stages was further addressed. The data revealed that classification of various vegetation phases based on quantitative evaluation of bufadienolides and dihydroquercetin derivatives applying principal component analysis (PCA) appears possible. Thus, the methodology presented here forms the basis for future routine application in quality control of raw materials and pharmaceutical preparations derived from sea squill. This will allow systematic comparison of different plant parts, vegetation stages and origins based on an extended sample set.
Faranak Fallahian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cytotoxic effect of Drimia maritima bulb extract and induction of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468.
OncoTargets and Therapy, 2018Co-Authors: Maryam Hamzeloo-moghadam, Mohammad Hossein Abdolmohammadi, Amir Khalaj, Mahmoud Aghaei, Faranak FallahianAbstract:Background: Drimia maritima (D. maritima) is a plant belonging to the family Asparagaceae, which has been used for the treatment of several ailments including cancer around the world. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive study about the molecular mechanisms of anticancer activity of this plant, yet. Materials and methods: In the current study, cell viability, apoptosis induction, ROS production, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and ER stress mediators have been evaluated in breast cancer cells, MCF7, and MDA-MB-468 treated with D. maritima. Results: Significant cytotoxic effects were observed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells after exposure to D. maritima. Apoptosis induction was determined using Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Furthermore, an increase of ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases, and elevation in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was determined. D. maritima dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression of ER stress markers such as CHOP, ATF-4, GADD34, and TRIB3 in MCF-7, and MDA-MB-468 cells. Conclusion: These data suggest that D. maritima induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells via the mitochondrial-mediated pathway. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum stress seems to be involved in D. maritima-induced cell death.
J.c. Manning - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a cytotaxonomic revision of Drimia jacq hyacinthaceae urgineoideae in india
South African Journal of Botany, 2019Co-Authors: P B Yadav, J.c. Manning, S R Yadav, Manoj M LekhakAbstract:Abstract We apply data from palynology, meiotic studies and interspecific hybridization to the taxonomy of the genus Drimia Jacq. (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) in India. We recognize eight species, seven of which are endemic to the subcontinent. The species can be grouped according to floral phenology and palynology into night-blooming species with meta-reticulate pollen and day-blooming species with micro-reticulate pollen. We provided a fully illustrated account of the Indian species, with full descriptions and nomenclature, an identification key and distribution maps. The new sect. Indurgia is described to accommodate the SEAsian species of Drimia. The two species Urginea polyphylla Hook.f. and U. coromandeliana Wight are identified as species of Dipcadi and are excluded from Urgineoideae.
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new synonyms and combinations in Drimia jacq hyacinthaceae in southern africa
Bothalia, 2019Co-Authors: J.c. ManningAbstract:Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections. Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes. Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and relevant material was examined. Results: Nomenclatural adjustments are provided for recently described taxa of Hyacinthaceae subfamily Urgineoideae in order to accommodate them in the alternative classification system in use in South African herbaria. Conclusion: A broadly circumscribed Drimia Jacq. has the advantages of nomenclatural stability and utility. The newly described segregate genera Austronea Mart.-Azorin et al. and Zingela N.R.Crouch et al. are formally included in Drimia , and A. densiflora Mart.-Azorin et al., A. hispidoplicata Mart.-Azorin et al. and A. pinguis Mart.-Azorin et al. are transferred to that genus as D. densiflora (Mart.-Azorin et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, D. hispidoplicata (Mart.-Azorin et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt and D. pinguis (Mart.-Azorin et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, respectively, whereas A. grandiflora Mart.-Azorin et al. and A. linearis Mart.-Azorin et al. are treated as synonyms of D. vermiformis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; A. olifanta Mart.-Azorin et al. is treated as a synonym of D. barkerae Oberm. ex J.C.Manning & Goldblatt; and A. papillosa Mart.-Azorin et al. and A. pygmaea (A.V. Duthie) Mart.-Azorin et al. are treated a synonyms of D. virens (Schltr.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt. Zingela pooleyorum N.R.Crouch is considered to be conspecific with Urginea zambesiaca Baker, for which the new combination D. zambesiaca (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt is provided. The combination D. zebrina (Mart.-Azorin et al.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt is provided for an allied species. Examination of recent collections of Ornithogalum toxicarium C.Archer & R.H.Archer confirms that it is actually a species of Drimia and it is accordingly transferred to that genus as D. toxicaria (C.Archer & R.H.Archer) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt.
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a review of the schizobasis group of Drimia jacq hyacinthaceae urgineoideae and the new species d sigmoidea from western cape south africa
South African Journal of Botany, 2014Co-Authors: J.c. Manning, J Deacon, Peter GoldblattAbstract:Abstract We review the Schizobasis Baker group of Drimia Jacq. in southern Africa. We adopt a broad circumscription of D. intricata (Baker) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt as occurring widely through the summer-rainfall parts of southern and tropical Africa, and describe a second species, D. sigmoidea J.C.Manning & J.Deacon, for populations from the Worcester–Robertson Karoo in winter-rainfall Western Cape. It is distinguished from D. intricata by its distinctive, deflexed pedicels that are sharply sigmoid in fruit, and conspicuous anther connective appendage. Both species are fully described and illustrated, with a map of their distribution in southern Africa.
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a review of the litanthus group of Drimia jacq hyacinthaceae urgineoideae with the description of a second species Drimia stenocarpa from western cape
South African Journal of Botany, 2014Co-Authors: J.c. Manning, J Deacon, Peter GoldblattAbstract:Abstract We review the Litanthus group of Drimia and describe a second species from Western Cape, Drimia stenocarpa, differing from Drimia uniflora in its invariably solitary leaf, larger flowers with narrower tepal lobes, longer and thicker pedicels, and distinctive cylindrical–prismatic capsule longitudinally banded in green and white. Both species are fully described and illustrated and a distribution map is provided.
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HYACINTHACEAE
AOSIS, 2009Co-Authors: J.c. Manning, E. G. H. OliverAbstract:Drimia OLIVERORUM (URGINEOIDEAE). A NEW SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN NAMIBI
Florian C Stintzing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metabolic fate of cardiac glycosides and flavonoids upon fermentation of aqueous sea squill (Drimia maritima L.) extracts.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2015Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:Abstract Sea squill (Drimia maritima L.) extracts have been used for centuries for the medical treatment of heart diseases. A procedure for the preparation of Drimia extracts applied for such purposes comprising a fermentation step is described in the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP). However, little is known about the secondary metabolite profile of such extracts and the fate of these components upon processing and storage. Thus, in the present study sea squill extracts were monitored during fermentation and storage by HPLC-DAD–MSn and GC–MS to characterise and quantitate individual cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds. For this purpose, a previously established HPLC method for the separation and quantitation of pharmacologically relevant cardiac glycosides (bufadienolides) was validated. Within 12 months of storage, total bufadienolide contents decreased by about 50%, which was attributed to microbial and plant enzyme activities. The metabolisation and degradation rates of individual bufadienolide glycosides significantly differed, which was attributed to differing structures of the aglycones. Further degradation of bufadienolide aglycones was also observed. Besides reactions well known from human metabolism studies, dehydration of individual compounds was monitored. Quantitatively predominating flavonoids were also metabolised throughout the fermentation process. The present study provides valuable information about the profile and stability of individual cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds in fermented Drimia extracts prepared for medical applications, and expands the knowledge of cardiac glycoside conversion upon microbial fermentation.
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stabilitat von herzglykosiden in wassrigen bzw wassrig fermentierten extrakten aus der meerzwiebel Drimia maritima l stearn
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2014Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:In der vorliegenden Studie wurden ein rein wassriger Extrakt und ein wassrig fermentierter Extrakt, hergestellt nach dem Homoopathischem Arzneibuch (HAB), aus der Meerzwiebel ( Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) bei unterschiedlichen Temperatur- und Lichtbedingungen gelagert. In regelmasigen Abstanden wurde die Stabilitat der Herzglykoside in diesen Extrakten mittels HPLC-DAD-MSn bewertet. Die geringsten Abbauraten der Einzelkomponenten wurden bei einer Lagerung im Dunkeln bei 5 °C ermittelt. Schon eine Temperaturerhohung auf 20 °C beschleunigte den Abbau bzw. die Metabolisierung der Bufadienolide. Die geringste Stabilitat wurde unter Belichtung bei 20 °C ermittelt. Auserdem war ein deutlicher Unterschied zwischen den auf unterschiedliche Weisen gewonnenen Extrakten beobachtbar. So wiesen die Herzglykoside im Extrakt, der nach HAB hergestellt wurde, eine deutliche hohere Stabilitat unter allen Lagerbedingungen auf. Stichworter: Meerzwiebel, Herzglykoside, Stabilitat, Belichtung, Pflanzenextrakt, Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn Stability of cardiac glycosides in aqueous and fermented aqueous extracts from sea squill ( Drimia maritima L. Stearn) In the present study an aqueous and a fermented aqueous extract, obtained according to the German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP), from sea squill ( Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) were stored under different light and temperature conditions. Stability of cardiac glycosides in these extracts was evaluated periodically by HPLC-DAD-MS. Lowest degradation rates of individual compounds were observed upon storage at 5 °C in the dark. Increasing the temperature at 20 °C accelerated compound degradation and the formation of bufadienolide metabolites. Poorest stability was found upon storage at 20 °C with light exposure. Furthermore, clear-cut differences were observed between the extracts obtained according to different protocols. Stability of cardiac glycosides in the extract obtained according to the GHP was generally improved, irrespective of the storage conditions. Keywords: sea squill, cardiac glycosides, stability, light exposure, plant extract, Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn
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Simultaneous determination of bufadienolides and phenolic compounds in sea squill (Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) by HPLC-DAD-MSn as a means to differentiate individual plant parts and developmental stages.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Diana N Knittel, Florian C Stintzing, Dietmar R KammererAbstract:Mediterranean sea squill (Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn) is used in the production of medicinal products. Current HPLC methods comprise tedious sample clean-up and have been merely focused on the analysis of cardiac glycosides, whereas a thorough characterization of D. maritima considering both the latter compound class and more hydrophilic secondary metabolites in one HPLC run has not been performed so far. Consequently, a novel HPLC-DAD-MSn method has been developed allowing the simultaneous determination of both cardiac glycosides and phenolic compounds, which is characterized by simplified sample preparation. This method was applied to characterize sea squill, revealing a complex profile of its extractive compounds derived from the two classes. Furthermore, the potential of the method reported here to quantitate the predominant compounds, i.e., dihydroquercetin derivatives and bufadienolides, was demonstrated. The occurrence of phenolic compounds, not described for sea squill so far, and of characteristic compounds specific to individual plant parts or vegetation stages was further addressed. The data revealed that classification of various vegetation phases based on quantitative evaluation of bufadienolides and dihydroquercetin derivatives applying principal component analysis (PCA) appears possible. Thus, the methodology presented here forms the basis for future routine application in quality control of raw materials and pharmaceutical preparations derived from sea squill. This will allow systematic comparison of different plant parts, vegetation stages and origins based on an extended sample set.
