The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Reinout W Wiers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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automatic processes and the Drinking Behavior in early adolescence a prospective study
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2013Co-Authors: Margot Peeters, Karin Monshouwer, Rens Van De Schoot, Tim Janssen, Wilma A M Vollebergh, Reinout W WiersAbstract:BACKGROUND: This study examined the bi-directional prospective link between automatic alcohol-approach tendencies and alcohol use in a group of young adolescents (mean age = 13.6 years). The adolescents in the present study were assumed to be at-risk of early alcohol use and later problem Drinking. It was hypothesized that alcohol use and automatic approach tendencies would reinforce one another particularly in the absence of well-developed inhibition skills. METHODS: A total of 347 adolescents (N = 279 at follow-up) from special secondary education, a risk group for the development of substance use problems, participated in the study. Automatic approach tendencies were assessed with the alcohol-approach avoidance task, inhibition skills were assessed with the Stroop task, and alcohol used was measured using a self-report measure. RESULTS: Zero-inflated Poisson analysis revealed a significant effect of automatic approach tendencies predicting alcohol use 6 months later, although only for adolescents with weaker inhibition skills. CONCLUSIONS: Automatic approach tendencies predict future Drinking Behavior of young adolescents with relatively weak inhibition skills. The findings of the present study have important implications for alcohol interventions for adolescents. Results are discussed in terms of risk factors for the development of problematic alcohol use in young adolescents. Language: en
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automatic processes in at risk adolescents the role of alcohol approach tendencies and response inhibition in Drinking Behavior
Addiction, 2012Co-Authors: Margot Peeters, Reinout W Wiers, Karin Monshouwer, Rens Van De Schoot, Tim Janssen, Wilma A M VolleberghAbstract:AIMS: This study examined the association between automatic processes and Drinking Behavior in young adolescents who just started Drinking, in relation to individual differences in response inhibition. It was hypothesized that strong automatic Behavioral tendencies toward alcohol-related stimuli (alcohol-approach bias) were associated with higher levels of alcohol use, especially among adolescents with relatively weak inhibition skills. DESIGN: To test this hypothesis structural equation analyses (SEM) were performed, using a zero inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. A well-known problem in studying risk Behavior, is the low incidence rate resulting in a zero dominated distribution. A ZIP-model accounts for non-normality of the data. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENT: A total of 374 participants (mean age of M =13.6 years) from special secondary education (a risk group for the development of substance use problems) completed the alcohol Approach Avoidance Task (a-AAT), the Stroop Colour Naming Task (Stroop) and a questionnaire that assessed alcohol use. FINDINGS: The ZIP-model established stronger alcohol-approach tendencies for adolescent drinkers ((p Language: en
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getting a grip on Drinking Behavior training working memory to reduce alcohol abuse
Psychological Science, 2011Co-Authors: Katrijn Houben, Reinout W Wiers, Anita JansenAbstract:Alcohol abuse disrupts core executive functions, including working memory (WM)--the ability to maintain and manipulate goal-relevant information. When executive functions like WM are weakened, Drinking Behavior gets out of control and is guided more strongly by automatic impulses. This study investigated whether training WM restores control over Drinking Behavior. Forty-eight problem drinkers performed WM training tasks or control tasks during 25 sessions over at least 25 days. Before and after training, we measured WM and Drinking Behavior. Training WM improved WM and reduced alcohol intake for more than 1 month after the training. Further, the indirect effect of training on alcohol use through improved WM was moderated by participants' levels of automatic impulses: Increased WM reduced alcohol consumption in participants with relatively strong automatic preferences for alcohol. These findings are consistent with the theoretical framework and demonstrate that training WM may be an effective strategy to reduce alcohol use by increasing control over automatic impulses to drink alcohol.
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i didn t feel like Drinking but i don t know why the effects of evaluative conditioning on alcohol related attitudes craving and Behavior
Addictive Behaviors, 2010Co-Authors: Katrijn Houben, Tim M Schoenmakers, Reinout W WiersAbstract:The goal of the present research was to test the value of evaluative conditioning (EC) to unobtrusively change alcohol-related attitudes and Drinking Behavior. In the EC paradigm, participants had to spot an irrelevant target picture in a series of trials in which many different stimuli were presented. In the experimental condition, beer-related pictures (CSs) were consistently paired with negative words and pictures (USs) in a number of trials. In the control condition, participants were exposed to the same stimuli, but without the critical alcohol-negative pairings. After the EC task, participants participated in an allegedly second experiment in which we measured beer-related attitudes, craving for beer, and actual Drinking Behavior both during a bogus taste test and during the week following the experiment. Compared to participants in the control condition, participants in the experimental condition showed more negative attitudes toward beer, experienced less craving for beer, and consumed less beer both in the lab during the taste test and outside the lab during the week following the manipulation. These findings suggest that unhealthy Drinking Behavior may be targeted through EC procedures.
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learning to dislike alcohol conditioning negative implicit attitudes toward alcohol and its effect on Drinking Behavior
Psychopharmacology, 2010Co-Authors: Katrijn Houben, Remco C Havermans, Reinout W WiersAbstract:Since implicit attitudes toward alcohol play an important role in Drinking Behavior, a possible way to obtain a Behavioral change is changing these implicit attitudes. This study examined whether a change in implicit attitudes and in Drinking Behavior can be achieved via evaluative conditioning. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental condition and a control condition. In the experimental condition, participants were subjected to an evaluative conditioning procedure that consistently pairs alcohol-related cues with negative stimuli. In the control condition, alcohol-related cues were consistently paired with neutral stimuli during the evaluative conditioning phase. Implicit attitudes, explicit attitudes, and Drinking Behavior were measured before and after the evaluative conditioning phase. Following the evaluative conditioning procedure, participants in the experimental condition showed stronger negative implicit attitudes toward alcohol and consumed less alcohol compared to participants in the control condition. However, this effect was only found when the evaluative conditioning task paired alcohol-related cues with general negative pictures, but not when using pictures of frowning faces. These results demonstrate that evaluative conditioning can effectively change implicit attitudes toward alcohol and also suggest that this procedure can be used to change Drinking Behavior. Hence, evaluative conditioning may be a useful new intervention tool to combat alcohol misuse.
Catherine F Quigley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the theory of planned Behavior and binge Drinking assessing the impact of binge drinker prototypes
Addictive Behaviors, 2007Co-Authors: Philip Norman, Christopher J Armitage, Catherine F QuigleyAbstract:Abstract The present study assessed the value of including prototype perceptions within the theory of planned Behavior (TPB) when predicting young people's binge Drinking intentions and Behavior. Undergraduate students (N = 94) completed questionnaires assessing the main constructs of the TPB as well as measures of prototype evaluation and prototype similarity. Binge Drinking Behavior was assessed at one-week follow-up (N = 79). The TPB explained 58% of the variance in binge Drinking intentions and 22% of the variance in binge Drinking at one-week follow-up. The prototype perception measures explained additional variance in both binge Drinking intentions (ΔR2 = .04) and Behavior (ΔR2 = .09), although only prototype similarity emerged as a significant predictor. In addition, a significant interaction was found between prototype similarity and subjective norm in relation to the prediction of binge Drinking Behavior, suggesting that the perception of supportive norms may enhance the impact of prototype perceptions on health-risk Behavior. The implications of the findings for interventions to encourage more appropriate Drinking Behavior are outlined.
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the theory of planned Behavior and binge Drinking assessing the impact of binge drinker prototypes
Addictive Behaviors, 2007Co-Authors: Philip Norman, Christopher J Armitage, Catherine F QuigleyAbstract:The present study assessed the value of including prototype perceptions within the theory of planned Behavior (TPB) when predicting young people's binge Drinking intentions and Behavior. Undergraduate students (N=94) completed questionnaires assessing the main constructs of the TPB as well as measures of prototype evaluation and prototype similarity. Binge Drinking Behavior was assessed at one-week follow-up (N=79). The TPB explained 58% of the variance in binge Drinking intentions and 22% of the variance in binge Drinking at one-week follow-up. The prototype perception measures explained additional variance in both binge Drinking intentions (DeltaR(2)=.04) and Behavior (DeltaR(2)=.09), although only prototype similarity emerged as a significant predictor. In addition, a significant interaction was found between prototype similarity and subjective norm in relation to the prediction of binge Drinking Behavior, suggesting that the perception of supportive norms may enhance the impact of prototype perceptions on health-risk Behavior. The implications of the findings for interventions to encourage more appropriate Drinking Behavior are outlined.
Thomas J Cunningham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selectively inhibiting the median preoptic nucleus attenuates angiotensin ii and hyperosmotic induced Drinking Behavior and vasopressin release in adult male rats
eNeuro, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandria B Marciante, Lei Wang, George E Farmer, Thomas J CunninghamAbstract:The median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) is a putative integrative region that contributes to body fluid balance. Activation of the MnPO can influence thirst, but it is not clear how these responses are linked to body fluid homeostasis. We used designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) to determine the role of the MnPO in Drinking Behavior and vasopressin release in response to peripheral angiotensin II (ANG II) or 3% hypertonic saline (3% HTN) in adult male Sprague Dawley rats (250-300 g). Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and stereotaxically injected with an inhibitory DREADD (rAAV5-CaMKIIa-hM4D(Gi)-mCherry) or control (rAAV5-CaMKIIa-mCherry) virus in the MnPO. After two weeks' recovery, a subset of rats was used for extracellular recordings to verify functional effects of ANG II or hyperosmotic challenges in MnPO slice preparations. Remaining rats were used in Drinking Behavior studies. Each rat was administered either 10 mg/kg of exogenous clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) to inhibit DREADD-expressing cells or vehicle intraperitoneal followed by a test treatment with either 2-mg/kg ANG II or 3% HTN (1 ml/100-g bw, s.c.), twice per week for two separate treatment weeks. CNO-induced inhibition during either test treatment significantly attenuated Drinking responses compared to vehicle treatments and controls. Brain tissue processed for cFos immunohistochemistry showed decreased expression with CNO-induced inhibition during either test treatment in the MnPO and downstream nuclei compared to controls. CNO-mediated inhibition significantly attenuated treatment-induced increases in plasma vasopressin compared to controls. The results indicate inhibition of CaMKIIa-expressing MnPO neurons significantly reduces Drinking and vasopressin release in response to ANG II or hyperosmotic challenge.
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angiotensin ii receptor subtype 1a at1ar gene knockdown in the subfornical organ sfo prevents increased Drinking Behavior in bile duct ligated rats
American Journal of Physiology-regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Joseph D Walch, Prashant T Nedungadi, Thomas J CunninghamAbstract:Bile duct ligation (BDL) causes congestive liver failure that initiates hemodynamic changes resulting in dilutional hyponatremia due to increased water intake and vasopressin release. This project tested the hypothesis that angiotensin signaling at the subfornical organ (SFO) augments Drinking Behavior in BDL rats. A genetically modified adeno-associated virus containing shRNA for angiotensin II receptor subtype 1a (AT1aR) gene was microinjected into the subfornical organ (SFO) of rats to knockdown expression. Two weeks later, BDL or sham surgery was performed. Rats were housed in metabolic chambers for measurement of fluid and food intake and urine output. The rats were euthanized 28 days after BDL surgery for analysis. A group of rats was perfused for immunohistochemistry and a second group was used for laser-capture microdissection for analysis of SFO AT1aR gene expression. BDL rats showed increased water intake that was attenuated in rats that received SFO microinjection of AT1aR shRNA. Among BDL rats treated with scrambled (control) and AT1aR shRNA, we observed an increased number of vasopressin positive cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) that colocalized with ΔFosB staining suggesting increased vasopressin release in both groups. These results indicate that angiotensin signalling through the SFO contributes to increased water intake, but not dilutional hyponatremia, during congestive liver failure.
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the effects of ibotenate lesions of the median preoptic nucleus on experimentally induced and circadian Drinking Behavior in rats
Brain Research, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas J Cunningham, Terry G. Beltz, Ralph F Johnson, Alan Kim JohnsonAbstract:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either ibotenic acid or vehicle in the region of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) during methoxyflurane anesthesia. Later, the rats were tested for Drinking responses elicited by angiotensin II (1 and 2 mg/kg s.c.) and hypertonic saline (3 and 6% w/v s.c.). Tests were conducted at 3 different phases of a 12:12 light-dark (LD) cycle (in the middle of the light phase and in the early and midportion of the dark phase). The rats with ibotenate lesions of the MnPO drank significantly less than vehicle-injected and lesion control groups regardless of when the tests were conducted. Subsequent monitoring of the diurnal rhythm of Drinking, employing electrical lickometers, detected no difference between the rhythms of 4 rats with ibotenate lesions of the MnPO who failed to drink to homeostatic challenges and 4 vehicle-injected control rats. The results indicate that ibotenic acid lesions of the MnPO block Drinking Behavior stimulated by angiotensin II and hypertonic saline without disrupting the entrainment or pattern of ad libitum Drinking.
Howard C Becker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of pattern and number of chronic ethanol exposures on subsequent voluntary ethanol intake in c57bl 6j mice
Psychopharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Marcelo F Lopez, Howard C BeckerAbstract:Rationale We previously demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure and withdrawal experience significantly increased subsequent voluntary ethanol intake in C57BL/6J mice. This study was conducted to examine chronic ethanol conditions that optimize this enhanced ethanol-Drinking Behavior.
Philip Norman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the theory of planned Behavior and binge Drinking assessing the impact of binge drinker prototypes
Addictive Behaviors, 2007Co-Authors: Philip Norman, Christopher J Armitage, Catherine F QuigleyAbstract:Abstract The present study assessed the value of including prototype perceptions within the theory of planned Behavior (TPB) when predicting young people's binge Drinking intentions and Behavior. Undergraduate students (N = 94) completed questionnaires assessing the main constructs of the TPB as well as measures of prototype evaluation and prototype similarity. Binge Drinking Behavior was assessed at one-week follow-up (N = 79). The TPB explained 58% of the variance in binge Drinking intentions and 22% of the variance in binge Drinking at one-week follow-up. The prototype perception measures explained additional variance in both binge Drinking intentions (ΔR2 = .04) and Behavior (ΔR2 = .09), although only prototype similarity emerged as a significant predictor. In addition, a significant interaction was found between prototype similarity and subjective norm in relation to the prediction of binge Drinking Behavior, suggesting that the perception of supportive norms may enhance the impact of prototype perceptions on health-risk Behavior. The implications of the findings for interventions to encourage more appropriate Drinking Behavior are outlined.
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the theory of planned Behavior and binge Drinking assessing the impact of binge drinker prototypes
Addictive Behaviors, 2007Co-Authors: Philip Norman, Christopher J Armitage, Catherine F QuigleyAbstract:The present study assessed the value of including prototype perceptions within the theory of planned Behavior (TPB) when predicting young people's binge Drinking intentions and Behavior. Undergraduate students (N=94) completed questionnaires assessing the main constructs of the TPB as well as measures of prototype evaluation and prototype similarity. Binge Drinking Behavior was assessed at one-week follow-up (N=79). The TPB explained 58% of the variance in binge Drinking intentions and 22% of the variance in binge Drinking at one-week follow-up. The prototype perception measures explained additional variance in both binge Drinking intentions (DeltaR(2)=.04) and Behavior (DeltaR(2)=.09), although only prototype similarity emerged as a significant predictor. In addition, a significant interaction was found between prototype similarity and subjective norm in relation to the prediction of binge Drinking Behavior, suggesting that the perception of supportive norms may enhance the impact of prototype perceptions on health-risk Behavior. The implications of the findings for interventions to encourage more appropriate Drinking Behavior are outlined.
