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James D. Oster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil water variability under subsurface Drip and furrow irrigation
Irrigation Science, 1997Co-Authors: S. Amali, C. J. Phene, Dennis E. Rolston, A. Fulton, Blaine R. Hanson, James D. OsterAbstract:Non-uniformities in soil hydraulic properties and infiltration rates are considered to be major reasons for the inefficiencies of some surface irrigation Systems. These non-uniformities may cause non-uniformities in soil water contents and could potentially affect plant growth. To investigate whether the non-uniformities in soil water contents can be overcome by well-managed irrigation Systems, fields with clay loam soils and planted to cotton were irrigated with a continuous-flow, a surge flow, and a subsurface Drip System. Measurements of water contents in each field were taken throughout the growing season at several depths. The water contents measured within the top 0–0.9 m in the three irrigations Systems were evaluated in terms of their spatial and temporal variabilities. The analyses indicated that on this soil, use of the surge flow System did not lead to increased spatial uniformities of soil water contents compared with the continuous-flow System. Use of the subsurface Drip System resulted in very non-uniform soil water contents above the depth of the emitters. Variability in water contents below the emitter depth was comparable to the surface irrigation Systems.
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Reducing drainwater: Furrow vs. subsurface Drip irrigation
California Agriculture, 1991Co-Authors: A. Fulton, C. J. Phene, Blaine R. Hanson, James D. Oster, David A. GoldhamerAbstract:Cotton was produced using conventional furrow irrigation, an upgraded continuous-flow furrow design, surge irrigation, and subsurface drlp lrrlgatlon in 1987 and 1988. We found that the most economical method of reducing potential drainage at this site was to reduce the furrow length by half and decrease the set time by more than one-half during preirrigation. A subsurface Drip System reduced potential drainage most effectively and increased production, but caused an overall profit loss. Subsurface Drip Systems may be profitable if properly designed and managed; however, a substantial yield increase or reduction in drainage disposal costs must be achieved. Otherwise, profitability of subsurface Drip would be less than that for furrow irrigation Systems.
T.b.s. Rajput - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Subsurface Drip System in Nitrate Leaching
Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Neelam Patel, T.b.s. RajputAbstract:Fertigation enables the application of soluble fertilizers and other chemicals along with irrigation water, uniformly and more efficiently. Improved water efficiency under Drip irrigation, by reducing percolation and evaporation losses, provides for environmentally safer fertilizer application through the irrigation water. The overall problem is to identify economically viable practices that offer a significant reduction of NO3-N losses through leaching, which also fit in the farming Systems practiced under a particular soil type and set of climate conditions. An experiment was conducted at Precision Farming Development Centre, Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the leaching of nitrate from the root zone of potato under surface and subsurface Drip irrigation System. The study consisted of 2 types of Drip System (surface and surface Drip) as main treatments and 3 levels of irrigation including 100% crop evapotranspiration, 80% of crop evapotranspiration and 60% of crop evapotranspiration as sub-treatments. Direct correlation was found between the amount of irrigation water and nitrate leaching. Reduction of amount of irrigation water to the tune of 40% decreased the nitrate leaching from 30% to 10 per cent. It was observed that by changing the position of water source from surface to subsurface, the nitrate leaching decreased by 12–20%, and thus subsurface Drip (10 cm depth of Drip tape) was recommended in potato crop to get higher yield with minimum leaching of soil nitrate-nitrogen.
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Effect of subsurface Drip irrigation on onion yield
Irrigation Science, 2008Co-Authors: Neelam Patel, T.b.s. RajputAbstract:Subsurface Drip System is the latest method of irrigation. The design of subsurface Drip System involves consideration of structure and texture of soil, and crop’s root development pattern. A 3-year experiment was conducted on onion ( Allium Cepa L. , cv. Creole Red) in a sandy loam soil from October to May in 2002–2003, 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 to study the effect of depth of placement of Drip lateral and different levels of irrigation on yield. Tests for uniformity of water application through the System were carried out in December of each year. Three different irrigation levels of 60, 80 and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration and six placement depths of the Drip laterals (surface (0), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 cm) were maintained in the study. Onion yield was significantly affected by the placement depth of the Drip lateral. Maximum yield (25.7 t ha^−1) was obtained by applying the 60.7 cm of irrigation water and by placing the Drip lateral at 10 cm soil depth. Maximum irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) (0.55 t ha^−1 cm^−1) was obtained by placing the Drip lateral at 10 cm depth. The greater vertical movement of water in the sandy-loam soil took place because of the predominant role of gravity rather than that of the capillary forces. Therefore, placement of Drip lateral at shallow depths is recommended in onion crop to get higher yield.
C. J. Phene - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water use by Drip irrigated late season peaches
Irrigation Science, 2003Co-Authors: James E. Ayars, Randall S. Johnson, C. J. Phene, D. A. Clark, Thomas J Trout, R M MeadAbstract:A 4-year experiment was conducted using a large weighing lysimeter to determine the crop coefficient and crop water use of a late-season peach cultivar (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, cultivar O'Henry) irrigated with a surface Drip System. Two trees were planted in a 2×4×2 m deep weighing lysimeter that was surface irrigated with ten 2 L/h in-line Drip emitters spaced evenly around the trees. Irrigation was applied in 12 mm applications after a 12 mm water loss threshold was exceeded as measured by the lysimeter. The crop coefficient (Kc) was calculated using the measured water losses and grass reference evapotranspiration calculated using the CIMIS Penman equation. Kc was plotted against day of the year and linear, quadratic, and cubic regressions were fitted to the data. A three-segment linear and the cubic equation had the best fit to the data. The maximum Kc determined for the linear fit in this experiment was 1.06 compared with a maximum of 0.92 recommended for use in California and 0.98 calculated using the FAO method. Average annual water use for the 4 years of the experiment was 1,034 mm. Mid-day canopy light interception was found to be well correlated with the crop coefficient determined using the lysimeter data.
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Soil water variability under subsurface Drip and furrow irrigation
Irrigation Science, 1997Co-Authors: S. Amali, C. J. Phene, Dennis E. Rolston, A. Fulton, Blaine R. Hanson, James D. OsterAbstract:Non-uniformities in soil hydraulic properties and infiltration rates are considered to be major reasons for the inefficiencies of some surface irrigation Systems. These non-uniformities may cause non-uniformities in soil water contents and could potentially affect plant growth. To investigate whether the non-uniformities in soil water contents can be overcome by well-managed irrigation Systems, fields with clay loam soils and planted to cotton were irrigated with a continuous-flow, a surge flow, and a subsurface Drip System. Measurements of water contents in each field were taken throughout the growing season at several depths. The water contents measured within the top 0–0.9 m in the three irrigations Systems were evaluated in terms of their spatial and temporal variabilities. The analyses indicated that on this soil, use of the surge flow System did not lead to increased spatial uniformities of soil water contents compared with the continuous-flow System. Use of the subsurface Drip System resulted in very non-uniform soil water contents above the depth of the emitters. Variability in water contents below the emitter depth was comparable to the surface irrigation Systems.
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Reducing drainwater: Furrow vs. subsurface Drip irrigation
California Agriculture, 1991Co-Authors: A. Fulton, C. J. Phene, Blaine R. Hanson, James D. Oster, David A. GoldhamerAbstract:Cotton was produced using conventional furrow irrigation, an upgraded continuous-flow furrow design, surge irrigation, and subsurface drlp lrrlgatlon in 1987 and 1988. We found that the most economical method of reducing potential drainage at this site was to reduce the furrow length by half and decrease the set time by more than one-half during preirrigation. A subsurface Drip System reduced potential drainage most effectively and increased production, but caused an overall profit loss. Subsurface Drip Systems may be profitable if properly designed and managed; however, a substantial yield increase or reduction in drainage disposal costs must be achieved. Otherwise, profitability of subsurface Drip would be less than that for furrow irrigation Systems.
P. U. Suneesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance of Corrugated Wick in “V” Type Solar Still
Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 2013Co-Authors: P. U. Suneesh, Thekkethil Namshad, Rajan Jayaprakash, Sanjay KumarAbstract:This works reports performance of corrugated wick in a “V” type solar still. The still was tested in two configurations: plane wick integrated with Drip System and corrugated wick integrated with Drip System. A mathematical modeling has been proposed to validate experimental results. The experiment was performed in Tamilnadu, India climatic conditions (11° North 77° East). Experimental investigations on productivity and internal heat transfer are analyzed. The results indicate that the mean standard deviations between theoretical and experimental values are less than 7% (temperature of rippled wick), 3% (temperature of glass in rippled System), 6% (temperature of flat wick) and 3% (temperature of glass in flat System) an average for the working hours of the day. The distillate yield produced was 2800 ml/m2/day by plane wick and 2200 ml/m2/day by corrugated wick.
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Performance Analysis of Flat and Rippled Wick-Inverted V-Type Solar Still Integrated with Drip System in Kerala Climatic Conditions
ISRN Renewable Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Thekkethil Namshad, K. R. Ayush, K. C. Salih, Athul James, Suficker Ahammed, Hashim Vayalilakath, P. U. SuneeshAbstract:Thermal aspect of solar energy is widely used in the desalination plants. Experimental investigation and mathematical modeling of inverted V-type solar still integrated with Drip System are presented in this paper. The experiment is performed in the Kerala climatic conditions (10.8439°N, 76.0328°E), March 2012 at M E S College of Engineering, Kuttippuram. A two segment still of 2 m2 is constructed. Experimental investigations on productivity and internal heat transfer are analyzed. The results indicate that the mean standard deviations between theoretical and experimental values are less than 7% (temperature of rippled wick), 8% (temperature of glass in rippled System), 11% (temperature of flat wick), and 7% (temperature of glass in flat System), an average for the working hours of the day.
Giuseppe Provenzano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Soil structure and bypass flow processes in a Vertisol under sprinkler and Drip irrigation
Geoderma, 2007Co-Authors: Giuseppina Crescimanno, A Santis, Giuseppe ProvenzanoAbstract:Abstract In this paper morphological and physical characteristics, as well as flow behaviour of a Mediterranean Vertisol under the influence of two different irrigation Systems currently used for irrigation, i.e. Drip and sprinkler Systems, were compared. No differences in soil texture, compaction and in potential cracking were found on cores from the two fields. However, field application of methylene blue showed the presence of continuous macropores, penetrating up to depths of 20–25 cm from the soil surface, in the field where the Drip System was in use (field 1). This was considered to be the pre-existing soil structure. Instead, macropores terminating at a depth ranging between 5 and 10 cm from the soil surface were observed in the sprinkler irrigated field (field 2). The same difference in terms of macropores' continuity was also observed on soil cores sampled from the two irrigated fields. The higher raindrop impact and the non-point water application involved in the sprinkler irrigation System were assumed to have determined, during several years, the different depth of penetration of the macropores in the two fields. A different hydraulic behaviour was evidenced by laboratory measurement of bypass flow on soil cores taken from the two fields. Specifically, higher values of the saturated hydraulic conductivity were found in the cores from the Drip irrigated field compared to those sampled in the sprinkler field. In addition no bypass flow was measured in the columns under the sprinkler field, while high rates and amounts of bypass flow were obtained in the cores taken from the Drip irrigated field. The different hydraulic behaviour observed in the cores taken from the Drip and from the sprinkler irrigated field was in agreement with the difference in terms of macropores' continuity between the two fields. Being bypass flow a mechanism inducing leaching of solutes, results of this investigation suggest that irrigation Systems affecting soil structure, and altering macropores' continuity, should be avoided in clay soils.
