The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
B Dong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modelling and multicriteria analysis of water saving scenarios for an Irrigation district in the upper yellow river basin
Agricultural Water Management, 2007Co-Authors: J. M. Gonçalves, S X Fang, L S Pereira, B DongAbstract:Water saving in Irrigation is a main issue in the Yellow River basin. This paper refers to a field and modelling study performed in the Huinong Irrigation District, a very large Surface Irrigation system in Ningxia, upper Yellow River basin, intended to assess water saving and improved water use issues. The decision support system SEDAM was purposefully developed to evaluate alternative scenarios of improvements of farm and off-farm Irrigation canal systems. It includes a demand and delivery simulation tool and adopts multicriteria analysis. Simulation is performed at various scales, starting at the distributor and then successively at the sub-branch, branch and sector scales. It uses a database built from random generation of system characteristics at these scales, and based on field surveys. Demand is built from exploring interactively the Irrigation scheduling simulation model ISAREG and the Surface Irrigation models SRFR and SIRMOD, which were previously parameterized. The first is used to generate improved Irrigation schedules and the second to define improved basin Irrigation scenarios. In addition, a simple paddy Irrigation tool is used to simulate replacing the current deep flooding method by shallow water Irrigation. Water delivery scenarios are built to match those of demand including several improved procedures that aim at controlling runoff and seepage. Results indicate that progressively adopting farm and delivery system improvements leads to reduced canal seepage and runoff, which is essential to an effective functioning of the drainage system, in addition to control diversions into the Huinong canal. Water savings amount to more than 50% of actual water use. However, results referring to the economic criteria, particularly to the farm gross margin, reveal that more stringent improvements have low impacts, i.e. the respective utilities increase little when scenarios require higher investments. The described application shows that adopting a DSS simulation model and multicriteria analysis is appropriate to assess water use improvements in large Irrigation systems and that it is advantageous to perform the analysis of related impacts by combining economic and environmental criteria. The importance of adopting improved delivery systems is also evidenced.
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assessing basin Irrigation and scheduling strategies for saving Irrigation water and controlling salinity in the upper yellow river basin china
Agricultural Water Management, 2007Co-Authors: Luis S. Pereira, J. M. Gonçalves, B Dong, S X FangAbstract:Water saving in Irrigation is a key concern in the Yellow River basin. Excessive water diversions for Irrigation waste water and produce waterlogging problems during the crop season and soil salinization in low lands. Supply control and inadequate functionality of the drainage system were identified as main factors for poor water management at farm level. Their improvement condition the adoption of water saving and salinity control practices. Focusing on the farm scale, studies to assess the potential for water savings included: (a) field evaluation of current basin Irrigation practices and further use of the simulation models SRFR and SIRMOD to generate alternative improvements for the Surface Irrigation systems and (b) the use of the ISAREG model to simulate the present and improved Irrigation scheduling alternatives taking into consideration salinity control. Models were used interactively to define alternatives for the Irrigation systems and scheduling that would minimize percolation and produce water savings. Foreseen improvements refer to basin inflow discharges, land leveling and Irrigation scheduling that could result in water savings of 33% relative to actual demand. These improvements would also reduce percolation and maintain water table depths below 1 m thereby reducing soil salinization.
S X Fang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modelling and multicriteria analysis of water saving scenarios for an Irrigation district in the upper yellow river basin
Agricultural Water Management, 2007Co-Authors: J. M. Gonçalves, S X Fang, L S Pereira, B DongAbstract:Water saving in Irrigation is a main issue in the Yellow River basin. This paper refers to a field and modelling study performed in the Huinong Irrigation District, a very large Surface Irrigation system in Ningxia, upper Yellow River basin, intended to assess water saving and improved water use issues. The decision support system SEDAM was purposefully developed to evaluate alternative scenarios of improvements of farm and off-farm Irrigation canal systems. It includes a demand and delivery simulation tool and adopts multicriteria analysis. Simulation is performed at various scales, starting at the distributor and then successively at the sub-branch, branch and sector scales. It uses a database built from random generation of system characteristics at these scales, and based on field surveys. Demand is built from exploring interactively the Irrigation scheduling simulation model ISAREG and the Surface Irrigation models SRFR and SIRMOD, which were previously parameterized. The first is used to generate improved Irrigation schedules and the second to define improved basin Irrigation scenarios. In addition, a simple paddy Irrigation tool is used to simulate replacing the current deep flooding method by shallow water Irrigation. Water delivery scenarios are built to match those of demand including several improved procedures that aim at controlling runoff and seepage. Results indicate that progressively adopting farm and delivery system improvements leads to reduced canal seepage and runoff, which is essential to an effective functioning of the drainage system, in addition to control diversions into the Huinong canal. Water savings amount to more than 50% of actual water use. However, results referring to the economic criteria, particularly to the farm gross margin, reveal that more stringent improvements have low impacts, i.e. the respective utilities increase little when scenarios require higher investments. The described application shows that adopting a DSS simulation model and multicriteria analysis is appropriate to assess water use improvements in large Irrigation systems and that it is advantageous to perform the analysis of related impacts by combining economic and environmental criteria. The importance of adopting improved delivery systems is also evidenced.
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assessing basin Irrigation and scheduling strategies for saving Irrigation water and controlling salinity in the upper yellow river basin china
Agricultural Water Management, 2007Co-Authors: Luis S. Pereira, J. M. Gonçalves, B Dong, S X FangAbstract:Water saving in Irrigation is a key concern in the Yellow River basin. Excessive water diversions for Irrigation waste water and produce waterlogging problems during the crop season and soil salinization in low lands. Supply control and inadequate functionality of the drainage system were identified as main factors for poor water management at farm level. Their improvement condition the adoption of water saving and salinity control practices. Focusing on the farm scale, studies to assess the potential for water savings included: (a) field evaluation of current basin Irrigation practices and further use of the simulation models SRFR and SIRMOD to generate alternative improvements for the Surface Irrigation systems and (b) the use of the ISAREG model to simulate the present and improved Irrigation scheduling alternatives taking into consideration salinity control. Models were used interactively to define alternatives for the Irrigation systems and scheduling that would minimize percolation and produce water savings. Foreseen improvements refer to basin inflow discharges, land leveling and Irrigation scheduling that could result in water savings of 33% relative to actual demand. These improvements would also reduce percolation and maintain water table depths below 1 m thereby reducing soil salinization.
J. M. Gonçalves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prospects for improving gravity fed Surface Irrigation systems in mediterranean european contexts
Water, 2017Co-Authors: Daniele Masseroni, J. M. Gonçalves, Sandra Ricart, Francisco Ramirez De Cartagena, Joaquim Monserrat, Isabel De Lima, A Facchi, G Sali, C GandolfiAbstract:Traditionally, most Irrigation practices in Southern Europe have been based on gravity-fed Surface Irrigation systems. Currently, these systems remain a relevant typology in the European Union (EU) member states of the Mediterranean areas, where it is often the only sustainable method for farmers due to the small size of agricultural holdings, their reduced capacity and readiness to invest and the low ratio between yield profits and Irrigation costs. In the last several years, in response to European and national directives, Surface Irrigation has garnered increasing attention at the political and bureaucratic levels due to frequent criticisms of its postulated low efficiency and high water wastage. However, these systems commonly provide a number of ecosystem services and nature-based solutions that increase the positive externalities in different rural socio-ecological contexts and often have the potential to extend these services and provide solutions that are compatible with economical sustainability. This study aims to discuss the prospects for new practices and for the rehabilitation and modernization of the gravity-fed Surface Irrigation systems in EU Mediterranean areas to enhance water efficiency, thus gaining both economic advantages and environmental benefits. The difficulties, stimuli for improvements and peculiarities of the Irrigation water management of four rural environments located in Italy, Spain and Portugal were analyzed and compared to the current state of the gravity-fed Surface Irrigation systems with hypothetical future improvements achievable by innovative technologies and practices. In these different case studies, the current gravity-fed Surface Irrigation systems have an obsolete regulatory structure; water-use efficiency is not a driving criterion for the management of the conveyance and distribution canal network, and farmers are not yet adequately encouraged to adopt more efficient gravity-fed Irrigation practices. A continuous knowledge exchange is thus necessary for the interaction of all Irrigation water managers and farmers to improve their eco-efficiency and to preserve and promote their cultural heritage across the entire water supply and delivery chains. We argue that the best way forward will require precisely targeted rehabilitation measures of gravity-fed Surface Irrigation systems based on the integrated use of decision support services, gate automation, remote and feedback controls and real-time flow optimization.
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drip vs Surface Irrigation a comparison focussing on water saving and economic returns using multicriteria analysis applied to cotton
Biosystems Engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Hanaa Darouich, J. M. Gonçalves, Celestina M G Pedras, L S PereiraAbstract:This study explores the use of drip and Surface Irrigation decision support systems to select among furrow, border and drip Irrigation systems for cotton, considering water saving and economic priorities. Data refers to farm field observations in Northeast of Syria. Simulation of drip Irrigation was performed with MIRRIG model for various alternatives: double and single row per lateral, emitter spacing of 0.5 and 0.7 m, six alternative pipe layouts and five self-compensating and non-compensating emitters. Furrow and border Irrigation alternatives were designed and ranked with the SADREG model, considering lasered and non-lasered land levelling, field lengths of 50–200 m and various inflow discharges. A multicriteria analysis approach was used to analyse and compare the alternatives based upon economic and water saving criteria. Results for Surface Irrigation indicate a slight advantage for long non-lasered graded furrows; non-lasered alternatives were selected due to economic considerations. For drip Irrigation, the best ranking is for systems having lower costs, mainly with double rows per lateral and larger emitter spacing. Comparing Surface and drip Irrigation systems, despite low cost, drip alternatives may lead to 28–35% water saving relative to improved graded furrows, and increase water productivity from 0.43 kg m −3 to 0.61 kg m −3 , Surface Irrigation provides higher farm returns. Drip Irrigation is selected only when high priority is assigned to water saving. Deficit Irrigation does not change this pattern of results. Apparently, adopting drip Irrigation requires appropriate economic incentives to farmers, changes in the structure of production costs and increased value of production.
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decision support system for Surface Irrigation design
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-asce, 2009Co-Authors: J. M. Gonçalves, L S PereiraAbstract:The SADREG decision support system was developed to help decision makers in the process of design and selection of farm Surface Irrigation systems to respond to requirements of modernization of Surface Irrigation—furrow, basin, and border Irrigation. It includes a database, simulation models, user-friendly interfaces, and multicriteria analysis models. SADREG is comprised of two components: design and selection. The first component applies database information, and through several simulation and computational tools, produces a set of design alternatives in agreement with the user options. These alternatives are characterized by several hydraulic, economic, and environmental indicators that allow appropriate selection and ranking. The selection component bases upon multicriteria analysis using composite programming and ELECTRE II ranking models, which support the decision maker to select the best alternative. The decision maker participates in all decision processes through a user-friendly interface that a...
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modelling and multicriteria analysis of water saving scenarios for an Irrigation district in the upper yellow river basin
Agricultural Water Management, 2007Co-Authors: J. M. Gonçalves, S X Fang, L S Pereira, B DongAbstract:Water saving in Irrigation is a main issue in the Yellow River basin. This paper refers to a field and modelling study performed in the Huinong Irrigation District, a very large Surface Irrigation system in Ningxia, upper Yellow River basin, intended to assess water saving and improved water use issues. The decision support system SEDAM was purposefully developed to evaluate alternative scenarios of improvements of farm and off-farm Irrigation canal systems. It includes a demand and delivery simulation tool and adopts multicriteria analysis. Simulation is performed at various scales, starting at the distributor and then successively at the sub-branch, branch and sector scales. It uses a database built from random generation of system characteristics at these scales, and based on field surveys. Demand is built from exploring interactively the Irrigation scheduling simulation model ISAREG and the Surface Irrigation models SRFR and SIRMOD, which were previously parameterized. The first is used to generate improved Irrigation schedules and the second to define improved basin Irrigation scenarios. In addition, a simple paddy Irrigation tool is used to simulate replacing the current deep flooding method by shallow water Irrigation. Water delivery scenarios are built to match those of demand including several improved procedures that aim at controlling runoff and seepage. Results indicate that progressively adopting farm and delivery system improvements leads to reduced canal seepage and runoff, which is essential to an effective functioning of the drainage system, in addition to control diversions into the Huinong canal. Water savings amount to more than 50% of actual water use. However, results referring to the economic criteria, particularly to the farm gross margin, reveal that more stringent improvements have low impacts, i.e. the respective utilities increase little when scenarios require higher investments. The described application shows that adopting a DSS simulation model and multicriteria analysis is appropriate to assess water use improvements in large Irrigation systems and that it is advantageous to perform the analysis of related impacts by combining economic and environmental criteria. The importance of adopting improved delivery systems is also evidenced.
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assessing basin Irrigation and scheduling strategies for saving Irrigation water and controlling salinity in the upper yellow river basin china
Agricultural Water Management, 2007Co-Authors: Luis S. Pereira, J. M. Gonçalves, B Dong, S X FangAbstract:Water saving in Irrigation is a key concern in the Yellow River basin. Excessive water diversions for Irrigation waste water and produce waterlogging problems during the crop season and soil salinization in low lands. Supply control and inadequate functionality of the drainage system were identified as main factors for poor water management at farm level. Their improvement condition the adoption of water saving and salinity control practices. Focusing on the farm scale, studies to assess the potential for water savings included: (a) field evaluation of current basin Irrigation practices and further use of the simulation models SRFR and SIRMOD to generate alternative improvements for the Surface Irrigation systems and (b) the use of the ISAREG model to simulate the present and improved Irrigation scheduling alternatives taking into consideration salinity control. Models were used interactively to define alternatives for the Irrigation systems and scheduling that would minimize percolation and produce water savings. Foreseen improvements refer to basin inflow discharges, land leveling and Irrigation scheduling that could result in water savings of 33% relative to actual demand. These improvements would also reduce percolation and maintain water table depths below 1 m thereby reducing soil salinization.
Abeyou W Worqlul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of climate change on land suitability for Surface Irrigation and Irrigation potential of the shallow groundwater in ghana
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2019Co-Authors: Abeyou W Worqlul, Yihun T Dile, Jaehak Jeong, Zenebe Adimassu, Nicole Lefore, Thomas J Gerik, R Srinivasan, Neville ClarkeAbstract:Abstract Estimating the potential land resources suitable for Irrigation and evaluating the possible impact of climate change on land suitability is essential for planning a sustainable agricultural system. This study applied a GIS-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) technique to evaluate the suitability of land for Irrigation in Ghana for a baseline period (1990 to 2010) and future time horizons 2050s (2041 to 2060) and 2070s (2061 to 2080). Key factors considered to evaluate the suitability of the land for Irrigation include biophysical features (such as climate, land use, soil, and slope) and socioeconomic factors (such as proximity to roads and population density). These factors were weighted using a pairwise comparison matrix then reclassified and overlaid on a 30 m grid to estimate the Irrigation potential of the country. Groundwater data from the British Geological Survey (BGS) were superimposed onto the land suitability map layer to evaluate the Irrigation potential and the accessibility of shallow groundwater with simple water lifting technologies. Downscaled and bias-corrected future climate data from HadGEM2-ES under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 emission scenario were used to represent the future climate horizon. Due to climate change, on average, rainfall will increase by 15 mm and 20 mm from the baseline period in the 2050s and 2070s, respectively. The average temperature shows a consistent increase in the majority of Ghana and a higher rate of increase is expected in the 2070s. Consequently, the rising temperature will increase the potential evapotranspiration by 6.0% and 7.6% in the 2050s and 2070s, respectively. The suitability analysis indicates that approximately 9% of the country is suitable for Surface Irrigation under the baseline period. A large portion of the potential land is located in the southwestern part of the country. The potential suitable land has an average groundwater access of 12 m from the Surface with an average borehole potential yield of 2.5 L/second, which makes it favorable for utilization of simple water lifting technologies. Due to climate change, 9.5% of the suitable land will become unfavorable for Irrigation in 2050s, and it is expected to reach 17% in 2070s.
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assessing potential land suitable for Surface Irrigation using groundwater in ethiopia
Applied Geography, 2017Co-Authors: Abeyou W Worqlul, Yihun T Dile, Jaehak Jeong, Thomas J Gerik, R Srinivasan, Javier Osorio, Petra Schmitter, N ClarkAbstract:Abstract Although Ethiopia has abundant land for Irrigation, only a fraction of its potential land is being utilized. This study evaluates suitability of lands for Irrigation using groundwater in Ethiopia using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) techniques in order to enhance the country's agricultural industry. Key factors that significantly affect Irrigation suitability evaluated in this study include physical land features (land use, soil, and slope), climate (rainfall and evapotranspiration), and market access (proximity to roads and access to market). These factors were weighted using a pair-wise comparison matrix, then reclassified and overlaid to identify suitable areas for groundwater Irrigation using a 1-km grid. Groundwater data from the British Geological Survey were used to estimate the groundwater potential, which indicates the corresponding Irrigation potential for major crops. Results indicated that more than 6 million ha of land are suitable for Irrigation in Ethiopia. A large portion of the irrigable land is located in the Abbay, Rift Valley, Omo Ghibe, and Awash River basins. These basins have access to shallow groundwater (i.e., depth of groundwater less than 20 m from the Surface) making it easier to extract. The comparison between available groundwater and total crop water requirements indicate that groundwater alone may not be sufficient to supply all suitable land. The study estimates that only 8% of the suitable land can be irrigated with the available shallow groundwater. However, groundwater is a viable option for supplementing Surface water resources for Irrigation in several basins in the country.
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assessment of Surface water Irrigation potential in the ethiopian highlands the lake tana basin
Catena, 2015Co-Authors: Abeyou W Worqlul, Amy S Collick, David G Rossiter, Simon J Langan, Tammo S SteenhuisAbstract:Abstract Although Ethiopia has a large potential to develop Surface Irrigation, only 5% of the 30 to 70 million hectares (ha) potentially available has been developed. To examine the underlying causes of this lack of Irrigation development, this study evaluates the suitability of Surface water Irrigation for the Lake Tana Basin development corridor. Surface water availability and land potentially suitable for Irrigation development were considered. Surface water potential was examined by analyzing long-term daily historical river discharges. Land suitable for Irrigation was determined with a GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation, which considers the interaction of various factors such as climate, river proximity, soil type, land cover, topography/slope, and market outlets. The results indicate that nearly 20% of the Lake Tana Basin is suitable for Surface Irrigation. However, after analyzing 27 years of river discharge, less than 3% of the potential irrigable area (or less than 0.25% of the basin area) could be irrigated consistently with runoff from the river systems. Thus, the Irrigation potential in the Lake Tana Basin can be met by increasing dry season flows, by improving upland infiltration, by supplying water from reservoirs, or by pumping water directly from Lake Tana.
R. J. Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SISCO: Surface Irrigation simulation, calibration and optimisation
Irrigation Science, 2015Co-Authors: M. H. Gillies, R. J. SmithAbstract:A model is described which applies the full one-dimensional version of the Saint–Venant equations for open channel flow to simulate the process of Surface Irrigation. The resulting software for Surface Irrigation simulation, calibration and optimisation, abbreviated to SISCO, was developed for use in a standard PC environment. Unlike some other models currently in use, SISCO can accommodate temporal variations in inflow rates and spatial variability in soil infiltration, Surface roughness, slope and furrow geometry. The main focus of the paper is in regard to the calibration functionality, whereby it is capable of estimating the soil infiltration characteristic and Manning roughness from various combinations of practically obtainable field measurements.
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accounting for temporal inflow variation in the inverse solution for infiltration in Surface Irrigation
Irrigation Science, 2006Co-Authors: Malcolm Gillies, R. J. Smith, Steven R RaineAbstract:A simple modification of the volume balance equation of the IPARM model is presented to facilitate the use of variable inflow. Traditional approaches for estimating infiltration from advance and/or runoff have merely considered the constant or step inflow case. Whenever this assumption is violated, significant uncertainty is introduced into the estimated infiltration parameters. Evaluation of the procedure with a number of data sets has demonstrated significant improvements in the estimates of infiltration parameters. Furthermore, the technique has shown that a portion of the apparent variability in estimated soil intake rates between furrows in the same field is a consequence of the constant inflow assumption. Accounting for the variable inflow to estimate infiltration functions, both standardised the shape of the infiltration curve and reduced the magnitude of the variation between curves. The proposed technique remains restricted by limitations similar to that of other volume balance models but offers greater performance under typical inflow variations often experienced in practice.
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Infiltration parameters from Surface Irrigation advance and run-off data
Irrigation Science, 2005Co-Authors: M. H. Gillies, R. J. SmithAbstract:A computer model was developed to employ runoff data in the calculation of the infiltration parameters of the modified Kostiakov equation. The model (IPARM) uses a simple volume balance approach to estimate the parameters from commonly collected field data. Several data sets have been used to verify the procedure. Infiltration parameters were calculated using both advance and runoff data combined and advance data alone. Simulations of each example using SIRMOD were compared to the measured data to identify the possible benefits of the procedure. The inclusion of runoff did not compromise the ability to reproduce the advance curve however the simulations are more capable of reproducing the measured runoff rates and volumes and therefore offer better estimations of the total volume applied to the soil (in one case a reduction in error of the total infiltration from 22% to 1%). This procedure will be of most benefit where the infiltration parameters are expected to represent soil hydraulic characteristics for times greater than the completion of the advance phase. Further analysis has shown that the infiltration parameters are more sensitive to runoff than the advance highlighting the requirement for accurate field measurement and a weighting factor between the advance and runoff errors.