The Experts below are selected from a list of 291420 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hiroyuki Yoshida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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extraction of cottonseed oil using subcritical Water Technology
Aiche Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Wael Abdelmoez, Rehab Abdelfatah, Aghareed M Tayeb, Hiroyuki YoshidaAbstract:This work represents the extraction of cottonseed oil using subcritical Water. The extraction efficiencies of different range temperatures (180–280 � C), having mean particle size range from 3 mm to less than 0.5 mm, Water:seed ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, and 2:1, and extraction times in the range of 5–60 min were all investigated. The composition of the extracted oil, using the subcritical Water, was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and compared with that extracted using traditional hexane extraction. The results showed that the optimum temperature, mean particle size, Water:seed ratio, and extraction time were 270 � C, \0.5 mm, 2:1, and 30 min, respectively. In addition the extracted oil was identical to that extracted using the traditional hexane method. V C 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 57: 2353–2359, 2011
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application of sub critical Water Technology for recovery of heavy metal ions from the wastes of japanese scallop patinopecten yessoensis
Science of The Total Environment, 2008Co-Authors: Omid Tavakoli, Hiroyuki YoshidaAbstract:Abstract Sub-critical Water (sub-CW) Technology was used as a new Technology with environmental and financial benefits for the recovery of harmful heavy metal ions Cd (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), Fe (II), Mn (II) and Ni (II) in the waste of Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis . The metals are responsible for environmental problems owing to the large amount of the waste. This study proposes a new method using sub-CW treatment to recover the metal ions from scallop waste and simultaneously produce harmless and valuable materials. Reactions were conducted in a temperature range of 473–653 K and for reaction times of 1–60 min. After the sub-CW reaction, four phases existed: an oil phase, metal-soap phase, aqueous phase and solid residual. Some oil was hydrolyzed by the sub-CW reaction and converted to free fatty acids and glycerin. Free fatty acids reacted with metal ions and became metal-soap phase. Both the metal-soap phase and oil phase caught almost all metal ions at low and medium reaction temperatures (473–573 K) from original wastes, although the concentrations of the metal ions in the metal-soap phase were much higher than those in the oil phase. With increasing temperature, these two phases decomposed and the metal ions concentrated in solid residual (un-reacted waste). The binding mechanisms in the oil and metal-soap phases are discussed including the key functional groups involved. The maximum concentrations of metal ions in metal-soap phase were 7225 ppm (Fe), 862 ppm (Zn), and 800 ppm (Cd) at 573 K. The aqueous phase showed the lowest concentration of metal ions especially at temperatures above 550 K (∼ 1.5 ppm).
Paul Jeffrey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the political risks of technological determinism in rural Water supply a case study from bihar india
Journal of Rural Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Paul Hutchings, Alison Parker, Paul JeffreyAbstract:Abstract With the politics of the environment so fundamental to the development process in rural India, this paper analyses the relations between Water discourses and drinking Water Technology. First, the national discourses of Water are analysed using key policy and populist documents. Second, the paper presents ethnographic fieldwork studying the politics of drinking Water in rural Bihar, where the relative merits of borehole handpumps and open wells are contested. The links between the national discourses and local contestation over appropriate Technology are examined. The paper argues both policy and traditionalist perspectives are too technologically deterministic to adequately account for the myriad challenges of delivering rural Water supply. The emphasis on Technology, rather than service levels, creates the conditions in which capability traps emerge in terms of service provision. This is not only in terms of monitoring regimes but in the very practices of rural actors who use certain Water supply technologies under an illusion of safety. With a focus on furthering the policy debate, the paper considers ways forward and suggests that a move from a binary understanding of access to a holistic measure of service levels will reduce the potential for political contestation and capability traps in rural Water supply.
Elazar Fallik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prestorage hot Water treatments immersion rinsing and brushing
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: Elazar FallikAbstract:Abstract This review summarizes the latest developments in hot Water immersion treatment (HWT) and hot Water rinsing and brushing (HWRB) technologies. These treatments kill pathogens that cause surface decay, while maintaining fruit quality during prolonged storage and marketing. They also are relatively easy to use, have a short operating time, and are efficient in heat transfer. The cost of a typical hot Water Technology commercial system is significantly less than that of a commercial vapor heat treatment system. The physiological responses of cultivars of different fruit species to heat treatments vary according to season, growing location, soil type, production practices and fruit maturity. In general, the higher the temperature, the shorter the treatment in order to avoid heat damage. HWT is applied at temperatures between 43 and 53 °C for periods of several minutes up to 2 h for quarantine treatments, while HWRB is employed commercially for 10–25 s at temperatures between 48 and 63 °C. The time and temperature of exposure that benefits fresh harvested quality depends on cultivar, fruit maturity, fruit size and condition during the growing season. Both HWT and HWRB inhibit ripening, reducing decay incidence and in several commodities induce resistance against pathogens and against chilling injuries.
Paul Hutchings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the political risks of technological determinism in rural Water supply a case study from bihar india
Journal of Rural Studies, 2016Co-Authors: Paul Hutchings, Alison Parker, Paul JeffreyAbstract:Abstract With the politics of the environment so fundamental to the development process in rural India, this paper analyses the relations between Water discourses and drinking Water Technology. First, the national discourses of Water are analysed using key policy and populist documents. Second, the paper presents ethnographic fieldwork studying the politics of drinking Water in rural Bihar, where the relative merits of borehole handpumps and open wells are contested. The links between the national discourses and local contestation over appropriate Technology are examined. The paper argues both policy and traditionalist perspectives are too technologically deterministic to adequately account for the myriad challenges of delivering rural Water supply. The emphasis on Technology, rather than service levels, creates the conditions in which capability traps emerge in terms of service provision. This is not only in terms of monitoring regimes but in the very practices of rural actors who use certain Water supply technologies under an illusion of safety. With a focus on furthering the policy debate, the paper considers ways forward and suggests that a move from a binary understanding of access to a holistic measure of service levels will reduce the potential for political contestation and capability traps in rural Water supply.
Marleny D.a. Saldaña - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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use of potato by products and gallic acid for development of bioactive film packaging by subcritical Water Technology
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2019Co-Authors: Yujia Zhao, Marleny D.a. SaldañaAbstract:Abstract Interest in the development of bioactive packaging has been rising due to environmental concerns, regulations and the need to extend food shelf life. The objective of this study was to produce bioactive films from potato by-products using subcritical Water (SCW) Technology with(out) gallic acid added. Different potato peel/cull ratios and glycerol/cull starch ratios were first evaluated. Then, different amounts of gallic acid were added to improve film antioxidant activity. All bioactive films produced were characterized by physical, chemical and functional properties. Films added with potato peel had less tensile strength (0.9–7.8 MPa) with increasing plasticizer concentration (0.5–2.0 g glycerol/g starch). Water activity of all films varied from 0.0671 to 0.0893, which are ideal to avoid microorganism growth. The film antioxidant activity reached up to 1899.1 mg Trolox equivalent/g starch at 0.3 g gallic acid/g starch. Therefore, SCW is a powerful Technology to produce bioactive films made of potato by-products.
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Hydrolysis of sweet blue lupin hull using subcritical Water Technology
Bioresource technology, 2015Co-Authors: Deniz Ciftci, Marleny D.a. SaldañaAbstract:Abstract Hydrolysis of sweet blue lupin hulls was conducted in this study using subcritical Water Technology. Effects of process parameters, such as pressure (50–200 bar), temperature (160–220 °C), flow rate (2–10 mL/min), and pH (2–12), were studied to optimize maximum hemicellulose sugars recovery in the extracts. Extracts were analyzed for total hemicellulose sugars, phenolics and organic carbon contents and solid residues left after treatments were also characterized. Temperature, flow rate, and pH had a significant effect on hemicellulose sugar removal; however, the effect of pressure was not significant. The highest yield of hemicellulose sugars in the extracts (85.5%) was found at 180 °C, 50 bar, 5 mL/min and pH 6.2. The thermal stability of the solid residue obtained at optimum conditions improved after treatment and the crystallinity index increased from 11.5% to 58.6%. The results suggest that subcritical Water treatment is a promising Technology for hemicellulose sugars removal from biomass.
