The Experts below are selected from a list of 138 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tzahi Y. Cath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of Membrane distillation and high-temperature nanofiltration Processes for treatment of silica-saturated water
Journal of Membrane Science, 2019Co-Authors: John A. Bush, Johan Vanneste, Tzahi Y. CathAbstract:Abstract Desalination of inland water resources such as brackish groundwater or geothermal water must achieve high water recovery to minimize reject brine volume and costs associated with its disposal. Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) are presently the most commonly used technologies for desalination of brackish water; however, water recovery is often limited due to high scaling potential by silica, calcium, magnesium, and other minerals. Membrane distillation (MD), a thermally Driven Membrane Process, is commonly tolerant to high salinity and may be less prone to irreversible fouling by mineral scaling. This investigation compared performance and fouling behavior of MD and NF during concentration of silica-containing solutions from 225 mg/L to 600 mg/L SiO2 at comparable operating conditions. Water flux was impacted by silica scaling in both MD and NF Processes; however, an induction time was observed before flux decline occurred during MD experiments, which was not observed for NF. Salt rejection during MD was > 99.8% for all solutions tested and was unaffected by scaling, whereas rejection during NF was between 78% and 90% and tended to decrease after scaling. Attempts to clean the fouled Membranes for both Processes by rinsing with an NaOH solution at pH > 11 were partially effective at restoring water flux but unable to completely remove the silica scale layer.
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Assessment of alternative draw solutions for optimized performance of a closed-loop osmotic heat engine
Journal of Membrane Science, 2016Co-Authors: Kerri L. Hickenbottom, Johan Vanneste, Tzahi Y. CathAbstract:Abstract Osmotic power harnesses the energy of mixing between high and low salinity streams. The osmotic heat engine (OHE) is a closed-loop, Membrane-based power generation cycle that couples pressure retarded osmosis (PRO), an osmotically Driven Membrane Process, with a thermal separation Process. In this investigation, Membrane distillation (MD), a thermally Driven Membrane Process, was used. High power density in PRO is essential to minimize equipment costs and parasitic pumping losses. Likewise, high water flux is needed in MD to efficiently reconcentrate the diluted draw solution from the PRO Process and minimize equipment costs. In this study, several ionic organic and inorganic draw solutions were evaluated as working fluids in the OHE. Their performance was assessed in terms of PRO power density and reverse solute diffusion, and MD water flux and thermal efficiency. Potential pore wetting of the MD Membrane was also evaluated. The working fluids were also assessed in terms of their potential for equipment corrosion. Results indicate that sodium formate and CaCl 2 outperform NaCl (commonly used PRO draw solution) in terms of PRO power density and reverse solute diffusion, and that LiCl and CaCl 2 outperform NaCl in terms of MD water flux. Furthermore, there were no signs of MD Membrane wetting, even at high feed concentrations. Results were used to perform an economic analysis and make future recommendations on the most suitable working fluid for the OHE. Of the select salts, CaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , sodium propionate, and LiCl resulted in the lowest OHE electricity generation costs and had the lowest potential for corrosion.
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a comparative life cycle assessment of hybrid osmotic dilution desalination and established seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation Processes
Water Research, 2012Co-Authors: Nathan T Hancock, Nathan D Black, Tzahi Y. CathAbstract:The purpose of this study was to determine the comparative environmental impacts of coupled seawater desalination and water reclamation using a novel hybrid system that consist of an osmotically Driven Membrane Process and established Membrane desalination technologies. A comparative life cycle assessment methodology was used to differentiate between a novel hybrid Process consisting of forward osmosis (FO) operated in osmotic dilution (ODN) mode and seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO), and two other Processes: a stand alone conventional SWRO desalination system, and a combined SWRO and dual barrier impaired water purification system consisting of nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis. Each Process was evaluated using ten baseline impact categories. It was demonstrated that from a life cycle perspective two hurdles exist to further development of the ODN-SWRO Process: module design of FO Membranes and cleaning intensity of the FO Membranes. System optimization analysis revealed that doubling FO Membrane packing density, tripling FO Membrane permeability, and optimizing system operation, all of which are technically feasible at the time of this publication, could reduce the environmental impact of the hybrid ODN-SWRO Process compared to SWRO by more than 25%; yet, novel hybrid nanofiltration-RO treatment of seawater and wastewater can achieve almost similar levels of environmental impact.
Andrew G. Livingston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2.3 Nanofiltration Operations in Nonaqueous Systems
Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Ludmila G. Peeva, Patrizia Marchetti, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Nanofiltration is a pressure-Driven Membrane Process used to remove solutes with molecular weight in the range of 200–2000 g mol−1, typically from aqueous streams. A relatively recent innovation is the extension of nanofiltration (NF) Processes to organic solvents (OSs)—an emerging technology referred to as organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). Separation of molecules present in OSs by NF has great potential in industries ranging from refining to fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis, and OSN is currently an area of intensive investigation. This article summarizes the most recent developments in the field of OSN.
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energy consumption for desalination a comparison of forward osmosis with reverse osmosis and the potential for perfect Membranes
Desalination, 2016Co-Authors: Nur Muna Mazlan, D Peshev, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Abstract Reverse osmosis (RO) is now the most ubiquitous technology for desalination, with numerous seawater RO plants being built in water-stressed countries to complement existing water resources. Despite the development of highly permeable RO Membranes, energy consumption remains a major contributor to total cost. Forward osmosis (FO) is receiving much attention as a potentially lower energy alternative to RO. However, the draw solution (DS) recovery step in FO requires significant energy consumption. The present study is a modelling approach, simulating FO and RO desalination under various Process conditions and Process flow schemes using the Aspen Plus environment. Results suggest that there is practically no difference in specific energy consumption (SEC) between standalone RO, and FO with nanofiltration (NF) DS recovery; this can be generalised for any pressure-Driven Membrane Process used for the DS recovery stage in a hybrid FO Process. Furthermore, even if any or all of the Membranes considered, FO, RO or NF, were perfect (i.e. had infinite permeance and 100% rejection), it would not change the SEC significantly. Hence, any advantage possessed by the FO with NF recovery Process derives from the lower fouling propensity of FO, which may reduce or eliminate the need for pre-treatment and chemical cleaning.
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Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology - Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Gyorgy Szekely, Patrizia Marchetti, Maria F. Jimenez-solomon, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is a pressure-Driven Membrane Process discriminating molecules in the range of 200-1000 Da, providing high quality products through gentle operating conditions. OSN has significant potential in chemical-related industries employing organic solvents including ionic liquids. The main advantages of OSN technologies include low energy consumption, operation time, and Process complexity as well as improved production sustainability, quality, and yield. The article seeks to provide insight into the state-of-the-art research in the field, including the development of new polymeric and ceramic OSN Membranes, modeling studies of the transport mechanisms through OSN Membranes, engineering of Membrane modules, development of new Membrane characterization techniques, and novel OSN application. Keywords: polymeric Membranes; ceramic Membranes; Membrane characterization techniques; transport modelling; mass transfer; concentration polarization; scale-up; ionic liquid recovery; pharmaceutical purification; catalyst recovery
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2.05 – Nanofiltration Operations in Nonaqueous Systems
Comprehensive Membrane Science and Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Ludmila G. Peeva, M. Sairam, Andrew G. LivingstonAbstract:Nanofiltration is a pressure-Driven Membrane Process used for removing solutes with molecular weight in the range of 200–1000 g mol−1, typically from aqueous streams. A recent innovation is the extension of nanofiltration Processes to organic solvents, an emerging technology referred to as organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The separation of molecules present in organic solvents by nanofiltration has great potential in industries ranging from refining to fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis and OSN is currently an area of intensive investigation. This chapter summarizes the most recent developments in the field of OSN. It describes the types of Membranes used in OSN and the methods for their preparation and characterization. An overview of the commercially available OSN Membranes, their separation properties, and manufacturers is also brought to the attention of the reader. Finally, a description of OSN applications at industrial and laboratory scale is presented.
Daoud Khanafer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Challenges and potentials of forward osmosis Process in the treatment of wastewater
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Ibrar Ibrar, Osamah Naji, A. Altaee, John L. Zhou, Daoud KhanaferAbstract:AbstractAn emerging osmotically Driven Membrane Process, forward osmosis has attracted growing attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. The present study provides a critical...
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Challenges and potentials of forward osmosis Process in the treatment of wastewater
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Ibrar Ibrar, Osamah Naji, A. Altaee, John L. Zhou, Daoud KhanaferAbstract:An emerging osmotically Driven Membrane Process, forward osmosis has attracted growing attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. The present study provides a critical review ...
Ibrar Ibrar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Challenges and potentials of forward osmosis Process in the treatment of wastewater
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Ibrar Ibrar, Osamah Naji, A. Altaee, John L. Zhou, Daoud KhanaferAbstract:AbstractAn emerging osmotically Driven Membrane Process, forward osmosis has attracted growing attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. The present study provides a critical...
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Challenges and potentials of forward osmosis Process in the treatment of wastewater
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Ibrar Ibrar, Osamah Naji, A. Altaee, John L. Zhou, Daoud KhanaferAbstract:An emerging osmotically Driven Membrane Process, forward osmosis has attracted growing attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. The present study provides a critical review ...
Sharad Kumar Gupta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy-efficient seawater desalination and wastewater treatment using osmotically Driven Membrane Processes
Desalination, 2017Co-Authors: Dinesh Attarde, Manish Jain, Preet Kamal Singh, Sharad Kumar GuptaAbstract:Abstract The osmotically Driven Membrane Process, such as pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) or forward osmosis (FO), assisted reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid systems are investigated for low-energy cost seawater desalination and wastewater treatment, and the simultaneous RO brine (or RO concentrates) management. Unlike the earlier studies, the hollow fiber types of modules are used in these hybrid systems. For commercialization of the hybrid systems, a big concern is that how much energy per unit product (i.e., specific energy) can be saved due to the hybrid systems as compared to the most preferred conventional RO technique. For this, the generalized mathematical models for an axial-flow and a radial-flow hollow fiber module are developed in the current study. These models are applicable to evaluate all PRO, FO, and RO Processes. For an RO recovery of 50% and FO/PRO dilution of 40%, it is found that around 25% specific energy saving may be realized in both the hybrid systems as compared to the conventional RO system at studied operating conditions. Interestingly, the results also reveal that as the RO recovery increases, the specific energy saving increases for the FO-RO hybrid system but decreases for the RO-PRO hybrid system.
