Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

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Michael Dennis Jensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • measuring leg muscle and fat mass in humans comparison of ct and dual energy x ray Absorptiometry
    Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: James A. Levine, Lana Abboud, Mitchel Barry, Patrick F Sheedy, Judd E Reed, Michael Dennis Jensen
    Abstract:

    Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is reported to be inferior to computed tomography (CT) to measure changes in appendicular soft tissue composition. We compared CT- and DEXA-measured thigh mu...

  • measuring leg muscle and fat mass in humans comparison of ct and dual energy x ray Absorptiometry
    Journal of Applied Physiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: James A. Levine, Lana Abboud, Mitchel Barry, Patrick F Sheedy, Judd E Reed, Michael Dennis Jensen
    Abstract:

    Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is reported to be inferior to computed tomography (CT) to measure changes in appendicular soft tissue composition. We compared CT- and DEXA-measured thigh muscle and fat mass to evaluate the random and systematic discrepancies between these two methods. Thigh skeletal muscle area (single-slice CT) was suboptimally ( r 2= 0.74, P < 0.0001) related to DEXA-measured thigh fat-free mass (FFM). In contrast, thigh muscle and adipose tissue volumes (multislice CT) were highly related to DEXA-measured thigh FFM and fat (both r 2 = 0.96, P < 0.0001). DEXA-measured leg fat was significantly less than multislice-CT-measured leg adipose tissue volume, whereas multislice-CT-measured leg muscle mass was less ( P < 0.0001) than DEXA-measured leg FFM. The systematic discrepancies between the two approaches were consistent with the 10–15% nonfat components of adipose tissue. In conclusion, CT and DEXA measures of appendicular soft tissue are highly related. Systematic differences between DEXA and CT likely relate to the underlying principles of the techniques.

  • measurement of abdominal and visceral fat with computed tomography and dual energy x ray Absorptiometry
    The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1995
    Co-Authors: Michael Dennis Jensen, Judd E Reed, Jill A Kanaley, Patrick F Sheedy
    Abstract:

    These studies were undertaken to compare Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) measurements of abdominal fat and to determine whether anthropometry could be combined with DXA to predict intraabdominal (visceral) fat mass in humans. Twentyone volunteers underwent abdominal CT scans, DXA, and anthropometry. DXA- and CT-measured total abdominal fat were similar (8448±5005 and 8066±5354 mL, respectively; NS) and were highly correlated (r=0.985, P<0.001). The combination of anthropometry and DXA was a suboptimal predictor of CT-measured intraabdominal fat (r=0.61, P<0.05); however, the combination of a single CT slice (to assess the ratio of intraabdominal to total abdominal adipose tissue) and DXA-measured abdominal fat was an excellent predictor of CT-measured intraabdominal fat (r=0.98, P<0.001). We conclude that a single-slice CT scan (or other imaging technique) with or without DXA is required for accurate predictions of intraabdominal fat

  • assessment of body composition with use of dual energy x ray Absorptiometry evaluation and comparison with other methods
    Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 1993
    Co-Authors: Michael Dennis Jensen, Jill A Kanaley, Lori R Roust, Peter C Obrien, Janelle S Braun, William L Dunn, Heinz W Wahner
    Abstract:

    Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) is a relatively new method of assessing body composition in humans. In the current study, DEXA was analyzed for accuracy and precision by using both anthropomorphic phantoms and a combination of body composition techniques in humans. Satisfactory precision for measurement of total body fat, fat-free mass, and total body bone mineral could be demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Predictions of lean body mass in humans on the basis of DEXA, total body water, and total body potassium were significantly different. The results of multiple regression analysis suggested that a component of total body water was related to body potassium, and another component was predicted by body fat. In addition, extracellular fluid volume, as measured by the bromide space technique, was significantly associated with both fat-free mass and fat mass as measured by DEXA. These findings have implications for the interpretation of body composition data in humans.

Steven B. Heymsfield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • dual energy x ray Absorptiometry body composition reference values from nhanes
    PLOS ONE, 2009
    Co-Authors: Thomas L Kelly, Kevin E Wilson, Steven B. Heymsfield
    Abstract:

    In 2008 the National Center for Health Statistics released a dual energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) whole body dataset from the NHANES population-based sample acquired with modern fan beam scanners in 15 counties across the United States from 1999 through 2004. The NHANES dataset was partitioned by gender and ethnicity and DXA whole body measures of %fat, fat mass/height2, lean mass/height2, appendicular lean mass/height2, %fat trunk/%fat legs ratio, trunk/limb fat mass ratio of fat, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were analyzed to provide reference values for subjects 8 to 85 years old. DXA reference values for adults were normalized to age; reference values for children included total and sub-total whole body results and were normalized to age, height, or lean mass. We developed an obesity classification scheme by using estabbody mass index (BMI) classification thresholds and prevalences in young adults to generate matching classification thresholds for Fat Mass Index (FMI; fat mass/height2). These reference values should be helpful in the evaluation of a variety of adult and childhood abnormalities involving fat, lean, and bone, for establishing entry criteria into clinical trials, and for other medical, research, and epidemiological uses.

  • dual energy x ray Absorptiometry lean soft tissue hydration independent contributions of intra and extracellular water
    American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004
    Co-Authors: Mariepierre Stonge, Zimian Wang, Mary Horlick, Jack Wang, Steven B. Heymsfield
    Abstract:

    Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a measure of lean soft tissue (LST). LST hydration, often assumed to be constant, is relevant to several aspects of DEXA body composition estimates....

  • are dual energy x ray Absorptiometry regional estimates associated with visceral adipose tissue mass
    International Journal of Obesity, 2002
    Co-Authors: Yongwoo Park, Steven B. Heymsfield, Dympna Gallagher
    Abstract:

    Are Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry regional estimates associated with visceral adipose tissue mass?

  • dual energy x ray Absorptiometry body composition model review of physical concepts
    American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism, 1996
    Co-Authors: Angelo Pietrobelli, Caterina Formica, Zimian Wang, Steven B. Heymsfield
    Abstract:

    Although Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used in clinical research as a means of quantifying body composition, there remains at present little published information that reviews the method's underlying physical basis. Because a clear understanding of DXA physical concepts is integral to appropriate use and interpretation, we present here a three-section review that includes both relevant in vitro and in vivo experimental demonstrations. In the first section we describe the main physical principles on which DXA is based. The section that follows presents a step-by-step analysis of the DXA two-component soft tissue model. In the final section we demonstrate how knowledge of physical concepts can lead to resolution of important methodological concerns, such as the influence of hydration changes on DXA fat estimates. A thorough understanding of DXA physical concepts provides a basis for appropriate interpretation of measurement results and stimulates many new and important research questions.

M Bueno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Glen M Blake - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • obesity increases precision errors in total body dual energy x ray Absorptiometry measurements
    Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 2015
    Co-Authors: K M Knapp, Ignac Fogelman, Joanne R Welsman, S J Hopkins, Andrew Shallcross, Glen M Blake
    Abstract:

    Total body (TB) Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is increasingly being used to measure body composition in research and clinical settings. This study investigated the effect of body mass index (BMI) and body fat on precision errors for total and regional TB DXA measurements of bone mineral density, fat tissue, and lean tissue using the GE Lunar Prodigy (GE Healthcare, Bedford, UK). One hundred forty-four women with BMI's ranging from 18.5 to 45.9 kg/m(2) were recruited. Participants had duplicate DXA scans of the TB with repositioning between examinations. Participants were divided into 3 groups based on their BMI, and the root mean square standard deviation and the percentage coefficient of variation were calculated for each group. The root mean square standard deviation (percentage coefficient of variation) for the normal ( 30 kg/m²; n = 32) BMI groups, respectively, were total BMD (g/cm(2)): 0.009 (0.77%), 0.009 (0.69%), 0.011 (0.91%); total fat (g): 545 (2.98%), 486 (1.72%), 677 (1.55%); total lean (g): 551 (1.42%), 540 (1.34%), and 781 (1.68%). These results suggest that serial measurements in obese subjects should be treated with caution because the least significant change may be larger than anticipated.

  • an update on dual energy x ray Absorptiometry
    Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, 2010
    Co-Authors: Glen M Blake, Ignac Fogelman
    Abstract:

    Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure bone mineral density at the spine and hip have an important role in the evaluation of individuals at risk of osteoporosis, and in helping clinicians advise patients about the appropriate use of antifracture treatment. Compared with alternative bone densitometry techniques, hip and spine DXA examinations have several advantages that include a consensus that bone mineral density results should be interpreted using the World Health Organization T score definition of osteoporosis, a proven ability to predict fracture risk, proven effectiveness at targeting antifracture therapies, and the ability to monitor response to treatment. This review discusses the evidence for these and other clinical aspects of DXA scanning. Particular attention is directed at the new World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) algorithm, which uses clinical risk factors in addition to a hip DXA scan to predict a patient's 10-year probability of suffering an osteoporotic fracture. We also discuss the recently published clinical guidelines that incorporate the FRAX fracture risk assessment in decisions about patient treatment.

  • the clinical role of dual energy x ray Absorptiometry
    European Journal of Radiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Glen M Blake, Ignac Fogelman
    Abstract:

    Dual energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD) have an important role in the evaluation of individuals at risk of osteoporosis, and in helping clinicians advise patients about the appropriate use of anti-fracture treatment. Compared with alternative bone densitometry techniques, hip and spine DXA examinations have a number of advantages that include a consensus that BMD results can be interpreted using the World Health Organisation (WHO) T-score definition of osteoporosis, a proven ability to predict fracture risk, proven effectiveness at targeting anti-fracture therapies, and the ability to monitor response to treatment. This review discusses the evidence for these and other clinical aspects of DXA scanning, including its role in the new WHO algorithm for treating patients on the basis of their individual fracture risk.

  • role of dual energy x ray Absorptiometry in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis
    Journal of Clinical Densitometry, 2007
    Co-Authors: Glen M Blake, Ignac Fogelman
    Abstract:

    Dual energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD) (referred to here as central DXA) have an important role as a clinical tool for the evaluation of individuals at risk of osteoporosis, and in helping clinicians give advice to patients about the appropriate use of antifracture treatment. Compared with alternative bone densitometry techniques such quantitative computed tomography (QCT), peripheral DXA (pDXA) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS), central DXA has a number of significant advantages that include a consensus that BMD results can be interpreted using the World Health Organization (WHO) T-score definition of osteoporosis, a proven ability to predict fracture risk, and proven effectiveness at targeting antifracture treatments. This review article discusses the evidence for these and other advantages of central DXA, including its role in the new WHO algorithm for treating patients on the basis of individual fracture risk.

Luis A Moreno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • body fat measurement in elite sport climbers comparison of skinfold thickness equations with dual energy x ray Absorptiometry
    Journal of Sports Sciences, 2009
    Co-Authors: Vanesa Espana Romero, Luis A Moreno, Jonatan R Ruiz, Francisco B Ortega, Enrique G Artero, German Vicenterodriguez, Manuel J Castillo, Angel Gutierrez
    Abstract:

    Abstract The aim of this study was to compare equations for estimating percentage body fat from skinfold thickness in elite sport climbers by assessing their agreement with percentage body fat measured using Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Skinfold thickness was measured in a convenience sample of 19 elite sport climbers [9 women and 10 men; mean age 31.2 years (s = 5.0) and 28.6 years (s = 3.6), respectively]. Percentage body fat was estimated using 17 different equations, and it was also measured by DXA. A significant inter-methods difference was observed for all equations, except for Durnin's equation in men (inter-methods difference: −0.57% and −0.29%; 1.96 s: 5.56 and 5.23 for Siri's and Brozek's equation, respectively) and women (inter-methods difference: −0.67% and −1.29% for Siri's and Brozek's equation, respectively), and for Wilmore's equation using Siri's body fat equation in women (inter-methods difference: −1.86%). In women, the limits of agreement were lower when using Durnin's equat...

  • body fat measurement in adolescents comparison of skinfold thickness equations with dual energy x ray Absorptiometry
    European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gerardo Rodríguez, M G Blay, V A Blay, A Sarria, Luis A Moreno, Jesús Fleta, M Bueno
    Abstract:

    Body fat measurement in adolescents: comparison of skinfold thickness equations with Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

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