The Experts below are selected from a list of 72 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Elena Austin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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real time particle monitoring of pesticide drift from an axial fan airblast orchard sprayer
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Magali N Blanco, Richard A Fenske, Edward J Kasner, Edmund Seto, Michael G Yost, Elena AustinAbstract:: In Washington State, a majority of reported pesticide-related illnesses and application-related complaints involve drift. We employed real-time particle monitors (Dylos) during a series of experimental spray events investigating drift. Sections of an orchard block were randomly sprayed by an axial fan airblast sprayer, while monitors sampled particulate matter above and below the canopy at various downwind locations. We found elevated particle mass concentrations (PMC) at all distances (16-74 m). The 75th percentile PMC while spraying was significantly greater than the control periods by 107 (95% CI 94-121) μg/m3, after adjusting for sampler height and wind speed. The 75th percentile PMC below the canopy was significantly greater than above the canopy by 9.4 (95% CI 5.2-12) μg/m3, after adjusting for spraying and wind speed. In a restricted analysis of the spray events, the 75th percentile PMC significantly decreased by 2.6 (95% CI -3.2 to -1.7) μg/m3 for every additional meter away from the edge of the spray quadrant, after adjusting for canopy height and wind speed. Our results were consistent with a larger study that performed passive sampling during the same spray events, suggesting that real-time monitoring can be used as a screening tool for pesticide drift. Compared with traditional methods of drift sampling, real-time monitoring is overall an easily employed, affordable sampling technique, and it can provide minute-by-minute measurements that can be coupled with meteorological measurements to better understand how changes in wind speed and direction affect drift.
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real time monitoring of spray drift from three different orchard sprayers
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Magali N Blanco, Richard A Fenske, Edward J Kasner, Edmund Seto, Michael G Yost, Elena AustinAbstract:Abstract In Washington State, half of all pesticide-related illnesses in agriculture result from drift, the off-target movement of pesticides. Of these, a significant proportion involve workers on another farm and orchard airblast applications. We compared the spray drift exposure reduction potential of two modern tower sprayers – directed air tower (DAT) and multi-headed fan tower (MFT), in relation to a traditional axial fan airblast (AFA) sprayer. We employed real-time particle monitors (Dylos DC1100) during a randomized control trial of orchard spray applications. Sections of a field were randomly sprayed by three alternating spray technologies – AFA, DAT and MFT – while monitors sampled particulate matter above and below the canopy at various downwind locations in a neighboring field. Geometric mean particle mass concentrations (PMC) outside the intended spray area were elevated during all applications at all of our sampling distances (16–74 m, 51–244 ft). After adjusting for wind speed and sampling height, the 75th percentile (95% confidence interval) PMC level was significantly greater during spray events than background levels by 105 (93, 120) μg/m3, 49 (45, 54) μg/m3 and 26 (22, 31) μg/m3 during AFA, DAT and MFT applications, respectively. Adjusted PMC levels were significantly different between all three sprayers. In this study, tower sprayers significantly reduced spray drift exposures in a neighboring orchard field when compared to the AFA sprayer, with the MFT sprayer producing the least drift; however these tower sprayers did do not fully eliminate drift.
S J Tha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the antinociceptive activities of oxotremorine physostigmine and Dyflos
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: B Cox, S J ThaAbstract:Oxotremorine and physostigmine caused dose-related increases in the hot plate reaction time (HPRT) of mice, but Dyflos did not. Physostigmine did not potentiate a low dose of oxotremorine (0.025 mg/kg) in the HPRT test, but some potentiation of higher doses of oxotremorine (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) may have occurred. Dyflos did not potentiate any dose of oxotremorine. Physostigmine and Dyflos inhibited mouse brain cholinesterase but oxotremorine was without effect. The relation between change of HPRT and cholinesterase inhibition was different for physostigmine and Dyflos.
Magali N Blanco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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real time particle monitoring of pesticide drift from an axial fan airblast orchard sprayer
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Magali N Blanco, Richard A Fenske, Edward J Kasner, Edmund Seto, Michael G Yost, Elena AustinAbstract:: In Washington State, a majority of reported pesticide-related illnesses and application-related complaints involve drift. We employed real-time particle monitors (Dylos) during a series of experimental spray events investigating drift. Sections of an orchard block were randomly sprayed by an axial fan airblast sprayer, while monitors sampled particulate matter above and below the canopy at various downwind locations. We found elevated particle mass concentrations (PMC) at all distances (16-74 m). The 75th percentile PMC while spraying was significantly greater than the control periods by 107 (95% CI 94-121) μg/m3, after adjusting for sampler height and wind speed. The 75th percentile PMC below the canopy was significantly greater than above the canopy by 9.4 (95% CI 5.2-12) μg/m3, after adjusting for spraying and wind speed. In a restricted analysis of the spray events, the 75th percentile PMC significantly decreased by 2.6 (95% CI -3.2 to -1.7) μg/m3 for every additional meter away from the edge of the spray quadrant, after adjusting for canopy height and wind speed. Our results were consistent with a larger study that performed passive sampling during the same spray events, suggesting that real-time monitoring can be used as a screening tool for pesticide drift. Compared with traditional methods of drift sampling, real-time monitoring is overall an easily employed, affordable sampling technique, and it can provide minute-by-minute measurements that can be coupled with meteorological measurements to better understand how changes in wind speed and direction affect drift.
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real time monitoring of spray drift from three different orchard sprayers
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Magali N Blanco, Richard A Fenske, Edward J Kasner, Edmund Seto, Michael G Yost, Elena AustinAbstract:Abstract In Washington State, half of all pesticide-related illnesses in agriculture result from drift, the off-target movement of pesticides. Of these, a significant proportion involve workers on another farm and orchard airblast applications. We compared the spray drift exposure reduction potential of two modern tower sprayers – directed air tower (DAT) and multi-headed fan tower (MFT), in relation to a traditional axial fan airblast (AFA) sprayer. We employed real-time particle monitors (Dylos DC1100) during a randomized control trial of orchard spray applications. Sections of a field were randomly sprayed by three alternating spray technologies – AFA, DAT and MFT – while monitors sampled particulate matter above and below the canopy at various downwind locations in a neighboring field. Geometric mean particle mass concentrations (PMC) outside the intended spray area were elevated during all applications at all of our sampling distances (16–74 m, 51–244 ft). After adjusting for wind speed and sampling height, the 75th percentile (95% confidence interval) PMC level was significantly greater during spray events than background levels by 105 (93, 120) μg/m3, 49 (45, 54) μg/m3 and 26 (22, 31) μg/m3 during AFA, DAT and MFT applications, respectively. Adjusted PMC levels were significantly different between all three sprayers. In this study, tower sprayers significantly reduced spray drift exposures in a neighboring orchard field when compared to the AFA sprayer, with the MFT sprayer producing the least drift; however these tower sprayers did do not fully eliminate drift.
B Cox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the antinociceptive activities of oxotremorine physostigmine and Dyflos
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011Co-Authors: B Cox, S J ThaAbstract:Oxotremorine and physostigmine caused dose-related increases in the hot plate reaction time (HPRT) of mice, but Dyflos did not. Physostigmine did not potentiate a low dose of oxotremorine (0.025 mg/kg) in the HPRT test, but some potentiation of higher doses of oxotremorine (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) may have occurred. Dyflos did not potentiate any dose of oxotremorine. Physostigmine and Dyflos inhibited mouse brain cholinesterase but oxotremorine was without effect. The relation between change of HPRT and cholinesterase inhibition was different for physostigmine and Dyflos.
Edward J Kasner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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real time particle monitoring of pesticide drift from an axial fan airblast orchard sprayer
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 2019Co-Authors: Magali N Blanco, Richard A Fenske, Edward J Kasner, Edmund Seto, Michael G Yost, Elena AustinAbstract:: In Washington State, a majority of reported pesticide-related illnesses and application-related complaints involve drift. We employed real-time particle monitors (Dylos) during a series of experimental spray events investigating drift. Sections of an orchard block were randomly sprayed by an axial fan airblast sprayer, while monitors sampled particulate matter above and below the canopy at various downwind locations. We found elevated particle mass concentrations (PMC) at all distances (16-74 m). The 75th percentile PMC while spraying was significantly greater than the control periods by 107 (95% CI 94-121) μg/m3, after adjusting for sampler height and wind speed. The 75th percentile PMC below the canopy was significantly greater than above the canopy by 9.4 (95% CI 5.2-12) μg/m3, after adjusting for spraying and wind speed. In a restricted analysis of the spray events, the 75th percentile PMC significantly decreased by 2.6 (95% CI -3.2 to -1.7) μg/m3 for every additional meter away from the edge of the spray quadrant, after adjusting for canopy height and wind speed. Our results were consistent with a larger study that performed passive sampling during the same spray events, suggesting that real-time monitoring can be used as a screening tool for pesticide drift. Compared with traditional methods of drift sampling, real-time monitoring is overall an easily employed, affordable sampling technique, and it can provide minute-by-minute measurements that can be coupled with meteorological measurements to better understand how changes in wind speed and direction affect drift.
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real time monitoring of spray drift from three different orchard sprayers
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Magali N Blanco, Richard A Fenske, Edward J Kasner, Edmund Seto, Michael G Yost, Elena AustinAbstract:Abstract In Washington State, half of all pesticide-related illnesses in agriculture result from drift, the off-target movement of pesticides. Of these, a significant proportion involve workers on another farm and orchard airblast applications. We compared the spray drift exposure reduction potential of two modern tower sprayers – directed air tower (DAT) and multi-headed fan tower (MFT), in relation to a traditional axial fan airblast (AFA) sprayer. We employed real-time particle monitors (Dylos DC1100) during a randomized control trial of orchard spray applications. Sections of a field were randomly sprayed by three alternating spray technologies – AFA, DAT and MFT – while monitors sampled particulate matter above and below the canopy at various downwind locations in a neighboring field. Geometric mean particle mass concentrations (PMC) outside the intended spray area were elevated during all applications at all of our sampling distances (16–74 m, 51–244 ft). After adjusting for wind speed and sampling height, the 75th percentile (95% confidence interval) PMC level was significantly greater during spray events than background levels by 105 (93, 120) μg/m3, 49 (45, 54) μg/m3 and 26 (22, 31) μg/m3 during AFA, DAT and MFT applications, respectively. Adjusted PMC levels were significantly different between all three sprayers. In this study, tower sprayers significantly reduced spray drift exposures in a neighboring orchard field when compared to the AFA sprayer, with the MFT sprayer producing the least drift; however these tower sprayers did do not fully eliminate drift.
