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Munir, Buyung Sofiarto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Covered Conductor Burn-Down Phenomena in Indonesia without Protection Relay Operation
'Insight Society', 2018Co-Authors: Pramana, Putu Agus Aditya, Kusuma, Aristo Adi, Priambodo, Nur Widi, Munir, Buyung SofiartoAbstract:All Aluminium Alloy Conductor-Shielded (AAAC-S) which is covered conductor is widely used as the temporary solution to mitigate the Earth Fault problem during application of bare conductor in Indonesia distribution system. However, the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S is often found in some cases and the protection schemes that have been installed on the distribution line is unable to detect any Fault during the phenomenon. Due to no tripping order from protection relay, this phenomenon will lead some part of the conductor remain hanging in the air and still in energized Condition. This Condition may cause a potential hazard to the surrounding environment. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the cause of AAAC-S burn-down and the reason of protection equipment cannot work properly. Field investigation, modelling and simulation, and laboratory testing has been performed in this study to represent the Condition in the field. The results show that the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S occurred due to many sequences of events. It started with insulation material breakdown that create pinhole, then during overvoltage phenomenon there will be Earth Fault Condition through the pinhole. Finally, if the short circuit energy at a certain mechanical tensile exceeds the critical energy of AAAC-S, then the burn-down phenomenon occurred. In this Condition, the protection relay is unable to detect the Fault due to the working time of protection relay is greater than the critical burn-down time of AAAC-S, where it is being influenced by the location of Earth Fault, cross-sectional area of AAAC-S, and grounding resistance of the pole
Pramana, Putu Agus Aditya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Covered Conductor Burn-Down Phenomena in Indonesia without Protection Relay Operation
'Insight Society', 2018Co-Authors: Pramana, Putu Agus Aditya, Kusuma, Aristo Adi, Priambodo, Nur Widi, Munir, Buyung SofiartoAbstract:All Aluminium Alloy Conductor-Shielded (AAAC-S) which is covered conductor is widely used as the temporary solution to mitigate the Earth Fault problem during application of bare conductor in Indonesia distribution system. However, the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S is often found in some cases and the protection schemes that have been installed on the distribution line is unable to detect any Fault during the phenomenon. Due to no tripping order from protection relay, this phenomenon will lead some part of the conductor remain hanging in the air and still in energized Condition. This Condition may cause a potential hazard to the surrounding environment. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the cause of AAAC-S burn-down and the reason of protection equipment cannot work properly. Field investigation, modelling and simulation, and laboratory testing has been performed in this study to represent the Condition in the field. The results show that the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S occurred due to many sequences of events. It started with insulation material breakdown that create pinhole, then during overvoltage phenomenon there will be Earth Fault Condition through the pinhole. Finally, if the short circuit energy at a certain mechanical tensile exceeds the critical energy of AAAC-S, then the burn-down phenomenon occurred. In this Condition, the protection relay is unable to detect the Fault due to the working time of protection relay is greater than the critical burn-down time of AAAC-S, where it is being influenced by the location of Earth Fault, cross-sectional area of AAAC-S, and grounding resistance of the pole
Mayer Markus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Erdschlussentfernung
2015Co-Authors: Mayer MarkusAbstract:Vorgestellt wird ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Erdschlussentfernung in hochohmig geerdeten Netzen. Nach Abklingen der transienten Vorgänge im Fehlerfall stellt sich ein stationärer Zustand ein, in dem das Netz zunächst weiter betrieben werden kann. Ausgehend von diesem stationären Fehlerfall wird auf der Basis eines Π-Glieds das Leitungsmodell des einseitig gespeisten Stichabgangs mit einer Last in der Vier-Leiter-Darstellung entwickelt. Die Schaltungsanalyse erfolgt mit Hilfe komplexer Rechnung und der Kirchhoffschen Gesetze. Grundlage der Betrachtungen bildet das Netz mit isoliertem Sternpunkt. Das entstehende Gleichungssystem ist in seiner Grundform nichtlinear, lässt sich jedoch auf eine elementar lösbare kubische Gleichung im gesuchten Fehlerentfernungsparameter zurückführen. Eine weitere Lösungsmöglichkeit bietet das Newton-Raphson-Verfahren. Durch Verlegen der lastseitigen Leiter-Erd-Kapazitäten an den Abgangsanfang kann das vollständige, nichtlineare System in ein lineares System überführt werden. Hierbei sind die beiden Ausprägungen „direkte Lösung mit unsymmetrischer Last“ oder „Ausgleichsrechnung mit symmetrischer Last“ möglich. Eine MATLAB®-Implementierung dieser vier Rechenalgorithmen bildet die Basis der weiteren Analysen. Alle messtechnischen Untersuchungen erfolgten am Netz-Kraftwerksmodell der TU Kaiserslautern. Hier wurden verschiedene Fehlerszenarien hinsichtlich Fehlerentfernung, -widerstand und Größe des gesunden Restnetzes hergestellt, in 480 Einzelmessungen erfasst und mit den Algorithmen ausgewertet. Dabei wurden auch Messungen an fehlerfreien Abgängen erhoben, um das Detektionsvermögen der Algorithmen zu testen. Neben Grundschwingungsbetrachtungen ist die Auswertung aller Datensätze mit der 5. und der 7. Harmonischen ein zentrales Thema. Im Fokus steht die Verwendbarkeit dieser Oberschwingungen zur Erdschlussentfernungsmessung bzw. -detektion mit den o.g. Algorithmen. Besondere Bedeutung kommt der Fragestellung zu, inwieweit die für ein Netz mit isoliertem Sternpunkt konzipierten Algorithmen unter Benutzung der höheren Harmonischen zur Erdschlussentfernungsmessung in einem gelöschten Netz geeignet sind. Schließlich wird das Verfahren auf Abgänge mit inhomogenem Leitermaterial erweitert, da auch diese Konstellation von praktischer Bedeutung ist.A method for determining the Earth Fault distance in high impedance grounded networks is presented here. With the transient processes having decayed in case of an Earth Fault, the grid tunes into a steady state error Condition in which it can be operated initially. Starting out from the stationary Earth Fault Condition a line model of a unilaterally powered feeder with one load based on a PI-element is developed using a for-wire-representation. The circuit analysis is performed using complex AC calculation and Kirchhoff’s laws. The examinations are based on a network with isolated neutral point. The resulting system of equations is non-linear in its basic form. However, it can be lead back to an elementary solvable cubic equation in the unknown Fault distance parameter. Another solution is offered by the Newton-Raphson method. The non-linear system of equations can be transformed into a linear equation system by transferring the phase-to-Earth capacitances placed at the load to the front of the feeder. Here two kinds of solutions are possible: „a direct solution with an unbalanced load“ or „a least squares solution using a symmetrical load“. MATLAB® implementations of these four algorithms form the basis of further analyses. All metrological investigations were carried out at the grid and power plant model of the Kaiserslautern University. Here, various error scenarios were established concerning Fault distance, -resistance and the size of the remaining healthy network. A total of 480 single measurements were recorded and analysed with the algorithms. In order to test the Earth Fault detection capability of the algorithms also measurements on error-free feeders were carried out. In addition to fundamental frequency considerations, the evaluation of all data sets using the 5th and the 7th harmonics is a central topic. The focus is on the usability of these higher harmonics for Earth Fault distance calculation and -detection with the algorithms mentioned above. Of particular importance is the question of to what extent the algorithms originally designed for the use in a network with isolated neutral point are also suitable for Earth Fault distance calculation using the higher harmonics in a resonant grounded network. Finally, the presented method is extended to feeders consisting of inhomogeneous conductor material, since this constellation is of practical importance
Kusuma, Aristo Adi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Covered Conductor Burn-Down Phenomena in Indonesia without Protection Relay Operation
'Insight Society', 2018Co-Authors: Pramana, Putu Agus Aditya, Kusuma, Aristo Adi, Priambodo, Nur Widi, Munir, Buyung SofiartoAbstract:All Aluminium Alloy Conductor-Shielded (AAAC-S) which is covered conductor is widely used as the temporary solution to mitigate the Earth Fault problem during application of bare conductor in Indonesia distribution system. However, the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S is often found in some cases and the protection schemes that have been installed on the distribution line is unable to detect any Fault during the phenomenon. Due to no tripping order from protection relay, this phenomenon will lead some part of the conductor remain hanging in the air and still in energized Condition. This Condition may cause a potential hazard to the surrounding environment. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the cause of AAAC-S burn-down and the reason of protection equipment cannot work properly. Field investigation, modelling and simulation, and laboratory testing has been performed in this study to represent the Condition in the field. The results show that the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S occurred due to many sequences of events. It started with insulation material breakdown that create pinhole, then during overvoltage phenomenon there will be Earth Fault Condition through the pinhole. Finally, if the short circuit energy at a certain mechanical tensile exceeds the critical energy of AAAC-S, then the burn-down phenomenon occurred. In this Condition, the protection relay is unable to detect the Fault due to the working time of protection relay is greater than the critical burn-down time of AAAC-S, where it is being influenced by the location of Earth Fault, cross-sectional area of AAAC-S, and grounding resistance of the pole
Priambodo, Nur Widi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Covered Conductor Burn-Down Phenomena in Indonesia without Protection Relay Operation
'Insight Society', 2018Co-Authors: Pramana, Putu Agus Aditya, Kusuma, Aristo Adi, Priambodo, Nur Widi, Munir, Buyung SofiartoAbstract:All Aluminium Alloy Conductor-Shielded (AAAC-S) which is covered conductor is widely used as the temporary solution to mitigate the Earth Fault problem during application of bare conductor in Indonesia distribution system. However, the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S is often found in some cases and the protection schemes that have been installed on the distribution line is unable to detect any Fault during the phenomenon. Due to no tripping order from protection relay, this phenomenon will lead some part of the conductor remain hanging in the air and still in energized Condition. This Condition may cause a potential hazard to the surrounding environment. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the cause of AAAC-S burn-down and the reason of protection equipment cannot work properly. Field investigation, modelling and simulation, and laboratory testing has been performed in this study to represent the Condition in the field. The results show that the burn-down phenomenon of AAAC-S occurred due to many sequences of events. It started with insulation material breakdown that create pinhole, then during overvoltage phenomenon there will be Earth Fault Condition through the pinhole. Finally, if the short circuit energy at a certain mechanical tensile exceeds the critical energy of AAAC-S, then the burn-down phenomenon occurred. In this Condition, the protection relay is unable to detect the Fault due to the working time of protection relay is greater than the critical burn-down time of AAAC-S, where it is being influenced by the location of Earth Fault, cross-sectional area of AAAC-S, and grounding resistance of the pole
