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Cynthia M. Bulik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic epidemiology of Eating Disorders.
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Cynthia M. Bulik, Susan C. Kleiman, Zeynep YilmazAbstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We capture recent findings in the field of genetic epidemiology of Eating Disorders. As analytic techniques evolve for twin, population, and molecular genetic studies, new findings emerge at an accelerated pace. We present the current status of knowledge regarding the role of genetic and environmental factors that influence risk for Eating Disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: We focus on novel findings from twin studies, population studies using genetically informative designs, and molecular genetic studies. Over the past 2 years, research in this area has yielded insights into: comorbidity with other psychiatric and medical Disorders and with metabolic traits; developmental factors associated with the emergence of Eating Disorders; and the molecular genetics of anorexia nervosa. SUMMARY: Insights from genetic epidemiology provide an important explanatory model for patients with Eating Disorders, family members, and clinicians. Understanding core biological determinants that explain the severity and persistence of the illnesses, their frequent co-occurrence with other conditions, and their familial patterns raises awareness and increases compassion for individuals living with these Disorders. Large-scale genomic studies are currently underway. Ultimately, this domain of research may pave the way to greater understanding of the underlying neurobiology and inform the development of novel and effective interventions.
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academy for Eating Disorders position paper Eating Disorders are serious mental illnesses
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2009Co-Authors: Kelly L. Klump, Cynthia M. Bulik, Walter H. Kaye, Janet Treasure, Edward TysonAbstract:It is the position of the Academy for Eating Disorders (AED) that anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, along with their variants, are biologically based, serious mental illnesses (BBMI) that warrant the same level and breadth of health care coverage as conditions currently categorized in this way (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder). As set forth below, we advocate this position unequivocally based on an emerging science that affirms with a reasonable degree of medical and scientific certainty that Eating Disorders are significantly heritable; influenced by alterations of brain function; significantly impair cognitive function, judgment, and emotional stability; and restrict the life activities of persons afflicted with these illnesses. Accordingly, the denial or restriction of equitable and sufficient treatment necessary to avert serious health consequences and risk of death is untenable and should be vigorously protested. Commentary
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risk factors for Eating Disorders
American Psychologist, 2007Co-Authors: Ruth H Striegelmoore, Cynthia M. BulikAbstract:The authors review research on risk factors for Eating Disorders, restricting their focus to studies in which clear precedence of the hypothesized risk factor over onset of the disorder is established. They illustrate how studies of sociocultural risk factors and biological factors have progressed on parallel tracks and propose that major advances in understanding the etiology of Eating Disorders require a new generation of studies that integrate these domains. They discuss how more sophisticated and novel conceptualizations of risk and causal processes may inform both nosology and intervention efforts.
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perfectionism and Eating Disorders current status and future directions
Clinical Psychology Review, 2007Co-Authors: Anna M Bardonecone, Cynthia M. Bulik, James E. Mitchell, Stephen A Wonderlich, Randy O Frost, Saritha Uppala, Heather SimonichAbstract:The literature examining the relation between perfectionism and Eating Disorders was reviewed and content and methodological comparisons were made with the perfectionism literature in anxiety Disorders and depressive Disorders. A PsychInfo search using the key words "perfectionism/perfect/perfectionistic," "anorexia," "bulimia," and "Eating Disorders" was performed and the generated list of papers was supplemented based on a review of reference lists in the papers. A total of 55 papers published between 1990 and 2005 were identified that assessed perfectionism among individuals with diagnosed Eating Disorders. The key research questions were distilled from these publications and empirical findings were summarized for each question, followed by a comparison with perfectionism papers in the anxiety and depressive disorder literatures. Also, key research design methodological parameters were identified and comparisons made across the three literatures: Eating Disorders, anxiety Disorders, depressive Disorders. The current review concludes with conceptual and methodological recommendations for researchers interested in perfectionism and Eating Disorders.
Zeynep Yilmaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Science Behind the Academy for Eating Disorders' Nine Truths About Eating Disorders.
European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 2017Co-Authors: Katherine Schaumberg, Zeynep Yilmaz, Elisabeth Welch, Lauren Breithaupt, Christopher Hübel, Jessica H. Baker, Melissa A. Munn-chernoff, Stefan Ehrlich, Linda Mustelin, Ata GhaderiAbstract:Objective In 2015, the Academy for Eating Disorders collaborated with international patient, advocacy, and parent organizations to craft the ‘Nine Truths About Eating Disorders’. This document has been translated into over 30 languages and has been distributed globally to replace outdated and erroneous stereotypes about Eating Disorders with factual information. In this paper, we review the state of the science supporting the ‘Nine Truths’. Methods The literature supporting each of the ‘Nine Truths’ was reviewed, summarized and richly annotated. Results Most of the ‘Nine Truths’ arise from well-established foundations in the scientific literature. Additional evidence is required to further substantiate some of the assertions in the document. Future investigations are needed in all areas to deepen our understanding of Eating Disorders, their causes and their treatments. Conclusions The ‘Nine Truths About Eating Disorders’ is a guiding document to accelerate global dissemination of accurate and evidence-informed information about Eating Disorders. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
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Genetic epidemiology of Eating Disorders.
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Cynthia M. Bulik, Susan C. Kleiman, Zeynep YilmazAbstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We capture recent findings in the field of genetic epidemiology of Eating Disorders. As analytic techniques evolve for twin, population, and molecular genetic studies, new findings emerge at an accelerated pace. We present the current status of knowledge regarding the role of genetic and environmental factors that influence risk for Eating Disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: We focus on novel findings from twin studies, population studies using genetically informative designs, and molecular genetic studies. Over the past 2 years, research in this area has yielded insights into: comorbidity with other psychiatric and medical Disorders and with metabolic traits; developmental factors associated with the emergence of Eating Disorders; and the molecular genetics of anorexia nervosa. SUMMARY: Insights from genetic epidemiology provide an important explanatory model for patients with Eating Disorders, family members, and clinicians. Understanding core biological determinants that explain the severity and persistence of the illnesses, their frequent co-occurrence with other conditions, and their familial patterns raises awareness and increases compassion for individuals living with these Disorders. Large-scale genomic studies are currently underway. Ultimately, this domain of research may pave the way to greater understanding of the underlying neurobiology and inform the development of novel and effective interventions.
Hans W. Hoek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cultural trends and Eating Disorders.
Current opinion in psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Kathleen M. Pike, Hans W. Hoek, Patricia E. DunneAbstract:Purpose of review Culture has long been recognized as significant to the cause and expression of Eating Disorders. We reviewed the recent literature about recent trends in the occurrence of Eating Disorders in different cultures. Recent findings While historically, Eating Disorders were conceptualized as primarily afflicting Caucasian adolescent or young adult women within high-income, industrialized Western Europe and North America, Eating Disorders are increasingly documented in diverse countries and cultures worldwide. This study highlights recent trends that reflect the changing landscape of culture and Eating Disorders: stabilization of the incidence of anorexia nervosa and possibly lower incidence rates of bulimia nervosa in Caucasian North American and Northern European groups; increasing rates of Eating Disorders in Asia; increasing rates of Eating Disorders in the Arab region; and increasing rates of binge Eating and bulimia nervosa in Hispanic and Black American minority groups in North America. Summary The changing face of Eating Disorders calls for a new conceptualization of culture in both the emergence and spread of Eating Disorders across the globe.
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A review of Eating Disorders in males.
Current opinion in psychiatry, 2014Co-Authors: Anu Raevuori, Anna Keski-rahkonen, Hans W. HoekAbstract:Purpose of review Research in Eating Disorders in males has been active lately compared to the past. This review aims to provide an overview of the recently published studies of Eating Disorders in males. Recent findings Publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition has outlined more sex-neutral diagnostic criteria for Eating Disorders. Data of socioeconomic factors, prenatal influences, clinical characteristics, assessment, and mortality for Eating Disorders have been reported independently for males. Unlike in females, higher parental education showed no association with Eating Disorders in males, but twin or triplet status and lower gestational age at birth had an independent association with anorexia nervosa in males. Contrary to earlier suggestions, no differences in Eating disorder symptoms such as binging, vomiting, or laxative abuse were observed between the sexes. Yet, males tended to score lower on Eating disorder symptom measures than females. High rates of premorbid overweight and higher BMIs at various stages of Eating Disorders have been confirmed repeatedly. Higher age and lower BMI at admission, and restrictive anorexia nervosa subtype predicted fatal outcome for anorexia nervosa in males. Summary Contemporary research provides grounds for improved recognition, diagnosis, and treatment for males suffering from Eating Disorders.
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epidemiology of Eating Disorders incidence prevalence and mortality rates
Current Psychiatry Reports, 2012Co-Authors: Frederique R E Smink, Daphne Van Hoeken, Hans W. HoekAbstract:Eating Disorders are relatively rare among the general population. This review discusses the literature on the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of Eating Disorders. We searched online Medline/Pubmed, Embase and PsycINFO databases for articles published in English using several keyterms relating to Eating Disorders and epidemiology. Anorexia nervosa is relatively common among young women. While the overall incidence rate remained stable over the past decades, there has been an increase in the high risk-group of 15–19 year old girls. It is unclear whether this reflects earlier detection of anorexia nervosa cases or an earlier age at onset. The occurrence of bulimia nervosa might have decreased since the early nineties of the last century. All Eating Disorders have an elevated mortality risk; anorexia nervosa the most striking. Compared with the other Eating Disorders, binge Eating disorder is more common among males and older individuals.
M. Larsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The neurobiology of Eating Disorders—a clinical perspective
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2014Co-Authors: Y. Von Hausswolff-juhlin, Samantha J. Brooks, M. LarssonAbstract:Objective To provide a neurobiological basis of Eating Disorders for clinicians and to enlighten how comparing neurobiology and Eating Disorders with neurobiology of other psychiatric illnesses can improve treatment protocols. Method A selective review on the neurobiology of Eating Disorders. The article focuses on clinical research on humans with consideration of the anatomical, neural, and molecular basis of Eating Disorders. Results The neurobiology of people with Eating Disorders is altered. Many of the neurobiological regions, receptors, and chemical substrates that are affected in other mental illnesses also play an important role in Eating Disorders. More knowledge about the neurobiological overlap between Eating Disorders and other psychiatric populations will help when developing treatment protocols not the least regarding that comorbidity is common in patients with EDs. Conclusion Knowledge about the underlying neurobiology of Eating Disorders will improve treatment intervention and will benefit from comparisons with other mental illnesses and their treatments.
Roz Shafran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Perfectionism and Eating Disorders
Perfectionism Health and Well-Being, 2015Co-Authors: Tracey D. Wade, Anne O'shea, Roz ShafranAbstract:Perfectionism and Eating Disorders have long been associated with each other in theoretical perspectives, but only recently has evidence emerged that informs us of the nature of the relationship between the two. The prominent theories that link perfectionism and Eating Disorders are reviewed, including the other types of traits that may increase the influence of perfectionism on the development of Eating Disorders. Cross-sectional associations are summarised, showing an association of two types of perfectionism with Eating Disorders: wanting to achieve high personal standards (PS) and the degree of concern and self-criticism generated when it is perceived that standards are not met. The body of research examining causal relationships between perfectionism and Eating Disorders (longitudinal, studies of people recovered from Eating Disorders, experimental and prevention and treatment studies) is also reviewed, supporting the role of perfectionism in increasing development of disordered Eating. However, the mechanisms of action are likely to be complex. We need to develop a better understanding of how perfectionism may increase risk for the development of an Eating disorder, and of the comparative importance of modifying perfectionism in both prevention and treatment of Eating Disorders compared to other risk and maintenance factors.
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cognitive behaviour therapy for Eating Disorders
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 2008Co-Authors: Zafra Cooper, Roz ShafranAbstract:The Eating Disorders provide one of the strongest indications for cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). This bold claim arises from two sources: first, the fact that Eating Disorders are essentially cognitive Disorders and second, the demonstrated effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of bulimia nervosa, which has led to the widespread acceptance that CBT is the treatment of choice. In this paper the cognitive behavioural approach to the understanding and treatment of Eating Disorders will be described. A brief summary of the evidence for this account and of the data supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of this form of treatment will be provided. Challenges for the future development and dissemination of the treatment will be identified.