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Richard Koestner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ability to receive compassion from others buffers the depressogenic effect of self criticism a cross cultural multi study analysis
Personality and Individual Differences, 2016Co-Authors: Nicola Hermanto, Paul Gilbert, David C. Zuroff, Allison C. Kelly, Daniel C Kopalasibley, Marcela Matos, Richard KoestnerAbstract:Abstract Self-Criticism has been shown to be a vulnerability factor that can lead to and maintain depression. We examined the moderating effect of fear of receiving compassion from others on the positive association between Self-Criticism and depression. Self-report measures were administered to four separate samples (total N = 701) varying in age (students and community adults) and cultural context (Canada, England, and Portugal). Two different measures of Self-Criticism and of depression were administered to investigate the generalizability of results. Self-Criticism, depression, and fear of compassion from others were positively related to one another in all samples. As predicted, fear of compassion from others exerted a moderating effect on the relationship between Self-Criticism and depression. Low fear of compassion from others weakened the depressogenic effect of Self-Criticism, while high fear of compassion from others exacerbated the effect. Thus, a self-critic's ability to be open and responsive to care and support from others protected against depression. The aggregate moderating effect across the four studies was of medium size (d + = .53) and highly significant, indicating a robust phenomenon. Implications for working with self-critical depressed patients are discussed.
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Mediating the effects of Self-Criticism and self-oriented perfectionism on goal pursuit
Personality and Individual Differences, 2012Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, Marina Milyavskaya, Richard KoestnerAbstract:Abstract The current study utilized a prospective design to examine the associations of Self-Criticism and self-oriented perfectionism with goal progress. The results corroborated previous findings demonstrating a negative association between Self-Criticism and self-reported goal progress when self-oriented perfectionism was controlled, and a positive association between self-oriented perfectionism and goal progress when Self-Criticism was controlled. This study extended previous research by exploring the potential mediation of these effects through goal-related self-efficacy, implementation intentions, and goal-related flow. The results showed that the effects of Self-Criticism on goal progress were indeed mediated by self-efficacy, implementation planning and goal-related flow, while the effects of self-oriented perfectionism were mediated by implementation planning and flow, but not self-efficacy.
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The Effects of Self-Criticism and Self-Oriented Perfectionism on Goal Pursuit
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2011Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, David C. Zuroff, Richard Koestner, Marina Milyavskaya, Amy A. GorinAbstract:Five separate studies examined the associations of Self-Criticism and self-oriented perfectionism with goal pursuit across a variety of domains. Although Self-Criticism has previously been shown to be related to diminished goal progress, a controversy remains regarding the potential association between aspects of “positive perfectionism,” such as self-oriented perfectionism, and enhanced goal progress. The results of the five studies demonstrated a consistent pattern of negative association between Self-Criticism and goal progress. The results also showed a positive association between self-oriented perfectionism and goal progress when Self-Criticism was controlled. The important role of Self-Criticism for understanding the impact of perfectionistic concerns is highlighted by these results. Implications for the debate concerning the possible positive effects of perfectionistic strivings are also discussed.
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Self-Criticism, motivation, and goal progress of athletes and musicians: A prospective study
Personality and Individual Differences, 2009Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, Richard Koestner, Nathalie Lacaille, Lisa Kwan, David C. ZuroffAbstract:The current research examined the relations among Self-Criticism, self-concordant motivation and goal progress of athletes and musicians. The results of a short-term prospective study showed that Self-Criticism was negatively associated with self-concordant goal motivation and with goal progress. The effect of Self-Criticism on goal progress appeared to be mediated by self-concordant motivation. Results also showed that Self-Criticism moderated the relation of goal progress to negative affect, such that the negative affect of self-critics was contingent on their level of perceived goal progress. These findings suggest that Self-Criticism not only represents a risk factor in the pursuit of personal goals, but also for negative affect subsequent to setbacks in goal pursuit.
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Self–Criticism, Goal Motivation, and Goal Progress
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, Richard Koestner, David C. ZuroffAbstract:The current research examined the relations among Self-Criticism, autonomous versus controlled motivations, and goal progress. Recent researchers have suggested that self-critics are less autonomously motivated, that is, that their goals are less tied to their interests and personal meaning than is true for other individuals, and that the effects of Self-Criticism on goal progress are mediated by lower levels of autonomous motivation. The results of two short-term, prospective studies conducted in the United States and Canada indicated that Self-Criticism was negatively associated with goal progress, while autonomous motivation was positively associated with goal progress in one study and marginally associated in the other. The results demonstrated an association between Self-Criticism and controlled motivation but not autonomous motivation, and they suggest that Self-Criticism and autonomy act independently on goal progress. In addition, the results indicated an association between Self-Criticism and rumination and procrastination that appears to mediate the impact of Self-Criticism on goal progress. These results highlight the need for consideration of both personality and motivational influences in the study of goal pursuits.
Theodore A. Powers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mediating the effects of Self-Criticism and self-oriented perfectionism on goal pursuit
Personality and Individual Differences, 2012Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, Marina Milyavskaya, Richard KoestnerAbstract:Abstract The current study utilized a prospective design to examine the associations of Self-Criticism and self-oriented perfectionism with goal progress. The results corroborated previous findings demonstrating a negative association between Self-Criticism and self-reported goal progress when self-oriented perfectionism was controlled, and a positive association between self-oriented perfectionism and goal progress when Self-Criticism was controlled. This study extended previous research by exploring the potential mediation of these effects through goal-related self-efficacy, implementation intentions, and goal-related flow. The results showed that the effects of Self-Criticism on goal progress were indeed mediated by self-efficacy, implementation planning and goal-related flow, while the effects of self-oriented perfectionism were mediated by implementation planning and flow, but not self-efficacy.
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The Effects of Self-Criticism and Self-Oriented Perfectionism on Goal Pursuit
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2011Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, David C. Zuroff, Richard Koestner, Marina Milyavskaya, Amy A. GorinAbstract:Five separate studies examined the associations of Self-Criticism and self-oriented perfectionism with goal pursuit across a variety of domains. Although Self-Criticism has previously been shown to be related to diminished goal progress, a controversy remains regarding the potential association between aspects of “positive perfectionism,” such as self-oriented perfectionism, and enhanced goal progress. The results of the five studies demonstrated a consistent pattern of negative association between Self-Criticism and goal progress. The results also showed a positive association between self-oriented perfectionism and goal progress when Self-Criticism was controlled. The important role of Self-Criticism for understanding the impact of perfectionistic concerns is highlighted by these results. Implications for the debate concerning the possible positive effects of perfectionistic strivings are also discussed.
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Self-Criticism, motivation, and goal progress of athletes and musicians: A prospective study
Personality and Individual Differences, 2009Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, Richard Koestner, Nathalie Lacaille, Lisa Kwan, David C. ZuroffAbstract:The current research examined the relations among Self-Criticism, self-concordant motivation and goal progress of athletes and musicians. The results of a short-term prospective study showed that Self-Criticism was negatively associated with self-concordant goal motivation and with goal progress. The effect of Self-Criticism on goal progress appeared to be mediated by self-concordant motivation. Results also showed that Self-Criticism moderated the relation of goal progress to negative affect, such that the negative affect of self-critics was contingent on their level of perceived goal progress. These findings suggest that Self-Criticism not only represents a risk factor in the pursuit of personal goals, but also for negative affect subsequent to setbacks in goal pursuit.
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Self–Criticism, Goal Motivation, and Goal Progress
Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, Richard Koestner, David C. ZuroffAbstract:The current research examined the relations among Self-Criticism, autonomous versus controlled motivations, and goal progress. Recent researchers have suggested that self-critics are less autonomously motivated, that is, that their goals are less tied to their interests and personal meaning than is true for other individuals, and that the effects of Self-Criticism on goal progress are mediated by lower levels of autonomous motivation. The results of two short-term, prospective studies conducted in the United States and Canada indicated that Self-Criticism was negatively associated with goal progress, while autonomous motivation was positively associated with goal progress in one study and marginally associated in the other. The results demonstrated an association between Self-Criticism and controlled motivation but not autonomous motivation, and they suggest that Self-Criticism and autonomy act independently on goal progress. In addition, the results indicated an association between Self-Criticism and rumination and procrastination that appears to mediate the impact of Self-Criticism on goal progress. These results highlight the need for consideration of both personality and motivational influences in the study of goal pursuits.
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Covert and overt expressions of Self-Criticism and perfectionism and their relation to depression.
European Journal of Personality, 2004Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, David C. Zuroff, Raluca A. TopciuAbstract:Multiple measures of both the covert and overt expressions of Self-Criticism and perfectionism have been developed. The present study examined the relation between a measure of overt Self-Criticism and several measures of covert Self-Criticism and perfectionism, using 59 male and 152 female university students. The study also examined the relation between these constructs and depression. The results replicated previous reports that two factors, self-critical perfectionism and high personal standards, underlie existing measures of covert expressions. Self-critical perfectionism and overt Self-Criticism were shown to be independent predictors of depression, suggesting the importance of assessing the overt interpersonal, as well as the covert, manifestations of Self-Criticism. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brian J. Cox - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is Self-Criticism unique for depression? A comparison with social phobia
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2000Co-Authors: Brian J. Cox, Neil A. Rector, R. Michael Bagby, Anthony J. Levitt, Richard P. Swinson, Russell T. JoffeAbstract:Abstract Background: This study further examined the diagnostic specificity of the self-critical personality dimension, as measured by the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt et al., 1976 . The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Yale University Press, New Haven). Methods: Patients with major depression (n=26) were compared to social phobia patients (n=32). Results: Depressed patients scored significantly higher on the DEQ Self-Criticism dimension. However, when current level of depressed mood was controlled for, Self-Criticism was not a significant predictor of diagnostic status. Further, the level of DEQ Self-Criticism reported by patients with social phobia was almost three times greater than the level reported in an earlier diagnostic specificity study with panic disorder patients [ Bagby et al., 1992 . Diagnostic specificity of the dependent and self-critical personality dimensions in major depression. J. Affect. Disord. 26, 59–64]. Limitations: Only one measure of Self-Criticism was used in this study, and the research design was cross-sectional rather than prospective. Conclusions: Self-Criticism is not unique to major depression, and this personality dimension may be implicated in other forms of psychopathology [ Blatt, 1991 . A cognitive morphology of psychopathology. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 179, 449–458]. Some cognitive features believed to play an important role in depression may also be salient in persons with social phobia.
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Is Self-Criticism unique for depression? A comparison with social phobia.
Journal of affective disorders, 2000Co-Authors: Brian J. Cox, Richard P. Swinson, N A Rector, R M Bagby, A J Levitt, R T JoffeAbstract:This study further examined the diagnostic specificity of the self-critical personality dimension, as measured by the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt et al., 1976. The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Yale University Press, New Haven). Patients with major depression (n=26) were compared to social phobia patients (n=32). Depressed patients scored significantly higher on the DEQ Self-Criticism dimension. However, when current level of depressed mood was controlled for, Self-Criticism was not a significant predictor of diagnostic status. Further, the level of DEQ Self-Criticism reported by patients with social phobia was almost three times greater than the level reported in an earlier diagnostic specificity study with panic disorder patients [Bagby et al., 1992. Diagnostic specificity of the dependent and self-critical personality dimensions in major depression. J. Affect. Disord. 26, 59-64]. Only one measure of Self-Criticism was used in this study, and the research design was cross-sectional rather than prospective. Self-Criticism is not unique to major depression, and this personality dimension may be implicated in other forms of psychopathology [Blatt, 1991. A cognitive morphology of psychopathology. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 179, 449-458]. Some cognitive features believed to play an important role in depression may also be salient in persons with social phobia.
David C. Zuroff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ability to receive compassion from others buffers the depressogenic effect of self criticism a cross cultural multi study analysis
Personality and Individual Differences, 2016Co-Authors: Nicola Hermanto, Paul Gilbert, David C. Zuroff, Allison C. Kelly, Daniel C Kopalasibley, Marcela Matos, Richard KoestnerAbstract:Abstract Self-Criticism has been shown to be a vulnerability factor that can lead to and maintain depression. We examined the moderating effect of fear of receiving compassion from others on the positive association between Self-Criticism and depression. Self-report measures were administered to four separate samples (total N = 701) varying in age (students and community adults) and cultural context (Canada, England, and Portugal). Two different measures of Self-Criticism and of depression were administered to investigate the generalizability of results. Self-Criticism, depression, and fear of compassion from others were positively related to one another in all samples. As predicted, fear of compassion from others exerted a moderating effect on the relationship between Self-Criticism and depression. Low fear of compassion from others weakened the depressogenic effect of Self-Criticism, while high fear of compassion from others exacerbated the effect. Thus, a self-critic's ability to be open and responsive to care and support from others protected against depression. The aggregate moderating effect across the four studies was of medium size (d + = .53) and highly significant, indicating a robust phenomenon. Implications for working with self-critical depressed patients are discussed.
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Conceptualizing and Measuring Self-Criticism as Both a Personality Trait and a Personality State
Journal of personality assessment, 2015Co-Authors: David C. Zuroff, Gentiana Sadikaj, Allison C. Kelly, Michelle J. LeybmanAbstract:abstractBlatt's (2004, 2008) conceptualization of Self-Criticism is consistent with a state–trait model that postulates meaningful variation in Self-Criticism both between persons (traits) and within person (states). We tested the state–trait model in a 7-day diary study with 99 college student participants. Each evening they completed a 6-item measure of Self-Criticism, as well as measures of perceived social support, positive and negative affect, compassionate and self-image goals during interactions with others, and interpersonal behavior, including overt Self-Criticism and given social support. As predicted, Self-Criticism displayed both trait-like variance between persons and daily fluctuations around individuals' mean scores for the week; slightly more than half of the total variance was between persons (ICC = .56). Numerous associations at both the between-persons and within-person levels were found between Self-Criticism and the other variables, indicating that individuals' mean levels of self-cri...
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The Effects of Self-Criticism and Self-Oriented Perfectionism on Goal Pursuit
Personality & social psychology bulletin, 2011Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, David C. Zuroff, Richard Koestner, Marina Milyavskaya, Amy A. GorinAbstract:Five separate studies examined the associations of Self-Criticism and self-oriented perfectionism with goal pursuit across a variety of domains. Although Self-Criticism has previously been shown to be related to diminished goal progress, a controversy remains regarding the potential association between aspects of “positive perfectionism,” such as self-oriented perfectionism, and enhanced goal progress. The results of the five studies demonstrated a consistent pattern of negative association between Self-Criticism and goal progress. The results also showed a positive association between self-oriented perfectionism and goal progress when Self-Criticism was controlled. The important role of Self-Criticism for understanding the impact of perfectionistic concerns is highlighted by these results. Implications for the debate concerning the possible positive effects of perfectionistic strivings are also discussed.
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Self-Criticism, motivation, and goal progress of athletes and musicians: A prospective study
Personality and Individual Differences, 2009Co-Authors: Theodore A. Powers, Richard Koestner, Nathalie Lacaille, Lisa Kwan, David C. ZuroffAbstract:The current research examined the relations among Self-Criticism, self-concordant motivation and goal progress of athletes and musicians. The results of a short-term prospective study showed that Self-Criticism was negatively associated with self-concordant goal motivation and with goal progress. The effect of Self-Criticism on goal progress appeared to be mediated by self-concordant motivation. Results also showed that Self-Criticism moderated the relation of goal progress to negative affect, such that the negative affect of self-critics was contingent on their level of perceived goal progress. These findings suggest that Self-Criticism not only represents a risk factor in the pursuit of personal goals, but also for negative affect subsequent to setbacks in goal pursuit.
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Self-Criticism predicts differential response to treatment for major depression.
Journal of clinical psychology, 2008Co-Authors: Margarita B. Marshall, David C. Zuroff, Carolina Mcbride, R. Michael BagbyAbstract:The authors examined the relationship between Self-Criticism, dependency, and treatment outcome for 102 participants who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria for major depressive disorder. The participants were randomly assigned to receive either cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), or pharmacotherapy with clinical management (PHT-CM) and completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (Blatt, D'Affilitti, & Quinlan, 1976), a measure of Self-Criticism and dependency, as part of a broader research protocol. Regression analyses indicated that among individuals in IPT, Self-Criticism predicted poorer treatment outcome based on depressive symptom severity measured using the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Hamilton, 1960, 1967). In addition, there were trends toward dependency predicting worse treatment response in CBT and Self-Criticism predicting better treatment response in PHT-CM.
Kirby, James N. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Attachment styles modulate neural markers of threat and imagery when engaging in Self-Criticism
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Kim, Jeffrey J., Kent, Kirsty M., Cunnington Ross, Gilbert Paul, Kirby, James N.Abstract:Attachment styles hold important downstream consequences for mental health through their contribution to the emergence of Self-Criticism. To date, no work has extended our understanding of the influence of attachment styles on Self-Criticism at a neurobiological level. Herein we investigate the relationship between self-reported attachment styles and neural markers of Self-Criticism using fMRI. A correlation network analysis revealed lingual gyrus activation during Self-Criticism, a marker of visual mental imagery, correlated with amygdala activity (threat response). It also identified that secure attachment positively correlated with lingual gyrus activation, whilst avoidant attachment was negatively correlated with lingual gyrus activation. Further, at greater levels of amygdala response, more securely attached individuals showed greater lingual gyrus activation, and more avoidantly attached individuals showed less lingual gyrus activation. Our data provide the first evidence that attachment mechanisms may modulate threat responses and mental imagery when engaging in Self-Criticism, which have important clinical and broader social implications.Australian Postgraduate Scholarship
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Attachment styles modulate neural markers of threat and imagery when engaging in Self-Criticism
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Kim, Jeffrey J., Kent, Kirsty M., Cunnington Ross, Gilbert Paul, Kirby, James N.Abstract:Attachment styles hold important downstream consequences for mental health through their contribution to the emergence of Self-Criticism. To date, no work has extended our understanding of the influence of attachment styles on Self-Criticism at a neurobiological level. Herein we investigate the relationship between self-reported attachment styles and neural markers of Self-Criticism using fMRI. A correlation network analysis revealed lingual gyrus activation during Self-Criticism, a marker of visual mental imagery, correlated with amygdala activity (threat response). It also identified that secure attachment positively correlated with lingual gyrus activation, whilst avoidant attachment was negatively correlated with lingual gyrus activation. Further, at greater levels of amygdala response, more securely attached individuals showed greater lingual gyrus activation, and more avoidantly attached individuals showed less lingual gyrus activation. Our data provide the first evidence that attachment mechanisms may modulate threat responses and mental imagery when engaging in Self-Criticism, which have important clinical and broader social implications
