The Experts below are selected from a list of 162 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ralf Paus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
An efficient method for Eccrine Gland isolation from human scalp
Experimental Dermatology, 2018Co-Authors: Francisco Jimenez, M. Alam, Irene Hernandez, Enrique Poblet, Jonathan A. Hardman, Ralf PausAbstract:We describe a simple and efficient method to isolate Eccrine sweat Glands from the human scalp. This method is inspired by the hair graft harvesting method used in hair transplantation. Based on the recently described anatomical relationship between the scalp hair follicle and the Eccrine Gland, we have found that scalp follicular unit grafts are an excellent Eccrine Gland isolation source, especially for the coiled component. In order to make the Gland visible for stereoscopic microdissection, the follicular units need to be previously stained with a vital dye like methylene blue or neutral red. The simplicity and efficiency of this isolation method should encourage further research into human Eccrine sweat Gland function which has always been hindered by the difficulty of Gland isolation.
-
is the Eccrine Gland an integral functionally important component of the human scalp pilosebaceous unit
Experimental Dermatology, 2016Co-Authors: Enrique Poblet, Jonathan A. Hardman, Ralf Paus, Francisco Jimenezacosta, Eduardo EscarioAbstract:The pilosebaceous unit (PSU) and the Eccrine sweat Gland (ESG) are classically described as completely independent skin appendages. However, careful inspection of scalp follicular units reveals that the secretory segment of the ESG spatially approximates the hair follicle in a position below the sebaceous Gland and the insertion of the arrector pili muscle. Therefore, we propose here that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the PSU and the ESG should not be viewed in isolation, and may form instead, along with the arrector pili muscle and the apocrine Gland (where present),one functional unit. For this, we suggest the more inclusive term of ‘Hair Cluster’ (HC). If confirmed, e.g. by 3D imaging techniques, the novel concept of a functional HC, whose individual components may communicate via secreted molecules and may share selected progenitor cell populations for HC repair/regeneration, has major physiological and pathological implications, which are briefly discussed.
Kiyoshi Nishioka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Eccrine porocarcinoma with bowenoid changes epithelial membrane antigen is not a useful marker for malignant tumours arising from Eccrine Gland structures
Acta Dermato-venereologica, 2004Co-Authors: Takahiro Satoh, Hiroo Yokozeki, Kiyoshi NishiokaAbstract:A case of Eccrine porocarcinoma with Bowenoid changes is reported. We compared the results of immunohistochemical staining for epithelial membrane antigen in the present case with results in Bowen’s disease to determine whether the presence of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) enabled us to differentiate between Bowen’s disease and Eccrine porocarcinoma with Bowenoid changes. Histologically, the present tumour was characterized by atypical clear cells with Bowenoid changes as well as uniform small cells and intradermal nests with ductal structures. The membrane and cytoplasm of uniform small cells and ductal luminal surfaces were positive for EMA. However, the atypical cells with Bowenoid changes were negative for this. In contrast, tumour cells in Bowen’s disease were positive for EMA. Although EMA is known to be a useful marker for some benign tumours derived from Eccrine ducts, we found it difficult to distinguish Eccrine porocarcinoma with Bowenoid changes from Bowen’s disease using immunohistochemical staining for EMA. Key words: Bowen’s disease; Eccrine porocarcinoma; epithelial membrane antigen.
Takahiro Satoh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Eccrine porocarcinoma with bowenoid changes epithelial membrane antigen is not a useful marker for malignant tumours arising from Eccrine Gland structures
Acta Dermato-venereologica, 2004Co-Authors: Takahiro Satoh, Hiroo Yokozeki, Kiyoshi NishiokaAbstract:A case of Eccrine porocarcinoma with Bowenoid changes is reported. We compared the results of immunohistochemical staining for epithelial membrane antigen in the present case with results in Bowen’s disease to determine whether the presence of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) enabled us to differentiate between Bowen’s disease and Eccrine porocarcinoma with Bowenoid changes. Histologically, the present tumour was characterized by atypical clear cells with Bowenoid changes as well as uniform small cells and intradermal nests with ductal structures. The membrane and cytoplasm of uniform small cells and ductal luminal surfaces were positive for EMA. However, the atypical cells with Bowenoid changes were negative for this. In contrast, tumour cells in Bowen’s disease were positive for EMA. Although EMA is known to be a useful marker for some benign tumours derived from Eccrine ducts, we found it difficult to distinguish Eccrine porocarcinoma with Bowenoid changes from Bowen’s disease using immunohistochemical staining for EMA. Key words: Bowen’s disease; Eccrine porocarcinoma; epithelial membrane antigen.
Clifford J Tabin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Comparative evidence for the independent evolution of hair and sweat Gland traits in primates
Journal of Human Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Yana G Kamberov, Pardis C Sabeti, Clifford J Tabin, Samantha M. Guhan, Alessandra Demarchis, Judy Jiang, Sara Sherwood Wright, Bruce A. Morgan, Daniel E LiebermanAbstract:Abstract Humans differ in many respects from other primates, but perhaps no derived human feature is more striking than our naked skin. Long purported to be adaptive, humans' unique external appearance is characterized by changes in both the patterning of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands, producing decreased hair cover and increased sweat Gland density. Despite the conspicuousness of these features and their potential evolutionary importance, there is a lack of clarity regarding how they evolved within the primate lineage. We thus collected and quantified the density of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands from five regions of the skin in three species of primates: macaque, chimpanzee and human. Although human hair cover is greatly attenuated relative to that of our close relatives, we find that humans have a chimpanzee-like hair density that is significantly lower than that of macaques. In contrast, Eccrine Gland density is on average 10-fold higher in humans compared to chimpanzees and macaques, whose density is strikingly similar. Our findings suggest that a decrease in hair density in the ancestors of humans and apes was followed by an increase in Eccrine Gland density and a reduction in fur cover in humans. This work answers long-standing questions about the traits that make human skin unique and substantiates a model in which the evolution of expanded Eccrine Gland density was exclusive to the human lineage.
-
Comparative evidence for the independent evolution of hair and sweat Gland traits in primates
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Yana G Kamberov, Pardis C Sabeti, Clifford J Tabin, Samantha M. Guhan, Alessandra Demarchis, Judy Jiang, Sara Sherwood Wright, Bruce A. Morgan, Daniel E LiebermanAbstract:Humans differ in many respects from other primates, but perhaps no derived human feature is more striking than our naked skin. Long purported to be adaptive, our species9 unique external appearance is characterized by changes in both the patterning of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands, producing decreased hair cover and increased sweat Gland density. Despite the conspicuousness of these features and their potential evolutionary importance, there is a lack of clarity regarding how they evolved within the primate lineage. We thus collected and quantified the density of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands from five regions of the skin in three species of primates: macaque, chimpanzee and human. Although human hair cover is greatly attenuated relative to that of our close relatives, we find that humans have a chimpanzee-like hair density that is significantly lower than that of macaques. In contrast, Eccrine Gland density is on average 10-fold higher in humans compared to chimpanzees and macaques, whose density is strikingly similar. Our findings suggest that a decrease in hair density in the ancestors of humans and apes was followed by an increase in Eccrine Gland density and a reduction in fur cover in humans. This work answers long-standing questions about the traits that make human skin unique and substantiates a model in which the evolution of expanded Eccrine Gland density was exclusive to the human lineage.
-
a genetic basis of variation in Eccrine sweat Gland and hair follicle density
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015Co-Authors: Yana G Kamberov, Elinor K Karlsson, Gerda Kamberova, Daniel E Lieberman, Pardis C Sabeti, Bruce Morgan, Clifford J TabinAbstract:Among the unique features of humans, one of the most salient is the ability to effectively cool the body during extreme prolonged activity through the evapotranspiration of water on the skin’s surface. The evolution of this novel physiological ability required a dramatic increase in the density and distribution of Eccrine sweat Glands relative to other mammals and a concomitant reduction of body hair cover. Elucidation of the genetic underpinnings for these adaptive changes is confounded by a lack of knowledge about how Eccrine Gland fate and density are specified during development. Moreover, although reciprocal changes in hair cover and Eccrine Gland density are required for efficient thermoregulation, it is unclear if these changes are linked by a common genetic regulation. To identify pathways controlling the relative patterning of Eccrine Glands and hair follicles, we exploited natural variation in the density of these organs between different strains of mice. Quantitative trait locus mapping identified a large region on mouse Chromosome 1 that controls both hair and Eccrine Gland densities. Differential and allelic expression analysis of the genes within this interval coupled with subsequent functional studies demonstrated that the level of En1 activity directs the relative numbers of Eccrine Glands and hair follicles. These findings implicate En1 as a newly identified and reciprocal determinant of hair follicle and Eccrine Gland density and identify a pathway that could have contributed to the evolution of the unique features of human skin.
Pardis C Sabeti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Comparative evidence for the independent evolution of hair and sweat Gland traits in primates
Journal of Human Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Yana G Kamberov, Pardis C Sabeti, Clifford J Tabin, Samantha M. Guhan, Alessandra Demarchis, Judy Jiang, Sara Sherwood Wright, Bruce A. Morgan, Daniel E LiebermanAbstract:Abstract Humans differ in many respects from other primates, but perhaps no derived human feature is more striking than our naked skin. Long purported to be adaptive, humans' unique external appearance is characterized by changes in both the patterning of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands, producing decreased hair cover and increased sweat Gland density. Despite the conspicuousness of these features and their potential evolutionary importance, there is a lack of clarity regarding how they evolved within the primate lineage. We thus collected and quantified the density of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands from five regions of the skin in three species of primates: macaque, chimpanzee and human. Although human hair cover is greatly attenuated relative to that of our close relatives, we find that humans have a chimpanzee-like hair density that is significantly lower than that of macaques. In contrast, Eccrine Gland density is on average 10-fold higher in humans compared to chimpanzees and macaques, whose density is strikingly similar. Our findings suggest that a decrease in hair density in the ancestors of humans and apes was followed by an increase in Eccrine Gland density and a reduction in fur cover in humans. This work answers long-standing questions about the traits that make human skin unique and substantiates a model in which the evolution of expanded Eccrine Gland density was exclusive to the human lineage.
-
Comparative evidence for the independent evolution of hair and sweat Gland traits in primates
bioRxiv, 2018Co-Authors: Yana G Kamberov, Pardis C Sabeti, Clifford J Tabin, Samantha M. Guhan, Alessandra Demarchis, Judy Jiang, Sara Sherwood Wright, Bruce A. Morgan, Daniel E LiebermanAbstract:Humans differ in many respects from other primates, but perhaps no derived human feature is more striking than our naked skin. Long purported to be adaptive, our species9 unique external appearance is characterized by changes in both the patterning of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands, producing decreased hair cover and increased sweat Gland density. Despite the conspicuousness of these features and their potential evolutionary importance, there is a lack of clarity regarding how they evolved within the primate lineage. We thus collected and quantified the density of hair follicles and Eccrine sweat Glands from five regions of the skin in three species of primates: macaque, chimpanzee and human. Although human hair cover is greatly attenuated relative to that of our close relatives, we find that humans have a chimpanzee-like hair density that is significantly lower than that of macaques. In contrast, Eccrine Gland density is on average 10-fold higher in humans compared to chimpanzees and macaques, whose density is strikingly similar. Our findings suggest that a decrease in hair density in the ancestors of humans and apes was followed by an increase in Eccrine Gland density and a reduction in fur cover in humans. This work answers long-standing questions about the traits that make human skin unique and substantiates a model in which the evolution of expanded Eccrine Gland density was exclusive to the human lineage.
-
a genetic basis of variation in Eccrine sweat Gland and hair follicle density
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015Co-Authors: Yana G Kamberov, Elinor K Karlsson, Gerda Kamberova, Daniel E Lieberman, Pardis C Sabeti, Bruce Morgan, Clifford J TabinAbstract:Among the unique features of humans, one of the most salient is the ability to effectively cool the body during extreme prolonged activity through the evapotranspiration of water on the skin’s surface. The evolution of this novel physiological ability required a dramatic increase in the density and distribution of Eccrine sweat Glands relative to other mammals and a concomitant reduction of body hair cover. Elucidation of the genetic underpinnings for these adaptive changes is confounded by a lack of knowledge about how Eccrine Gland fate and density are specified during development. Moreover, although reciprocal changes in hair cover and Eccrine Gland density are required for efficient thermoregulation, it is unclear if these changes are linked by a common genetic regulation. To identify pathways controlling the relative patterning of Eccrine Glands and hair follicles, we exploited natural variation in the density of these organs between different strains of mice. Quantitative trait locus mapping identified a large region on mouse Chromosome 1 that controls both hair and Eccrine Gland densities. Differential and allelic expression analysis of the genes within this interval coupled with subsequent functional studies demonstrated that the level of En1 activity directs the relative numbers of Eccrine Glands and hair follicles. These findings implicate En1 as a newly identified and reciprocal determinant of hair follicle and Eccrine Gland density and identify a pathway that could have contributed to the evolution of the unique features of human skin.