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Peter Saling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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applied sustainability in industry the basf eco eefficiency toolbox
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Anahi P Grossesommer, Thomas Grunenwald, Nicola S Paczkowski, Richard N M R Van Gelder, Peter SalingAbstract:Abstract For successful implementation of sustainability in industry robust assessments of products and processes are necessary that quantify environmental aspects under consideration of costs. The sustainability needs of companies vary greatly according to region, sector and stakeholder. BASF has developed a toolbox for Eco-Efficiency assessments that addresses the broad range of in-house and external needs, allowing flexibility while ensuring that relevant and sufficient environmental impact is covered to support decision-making based on quantified sustainability assessments. The toolbox is based on standard practices for life cycle assessment to support strategic decisions, product development and marketing. Environmental impact assessment follows ISO 14040 and 14044. Impacts are aggregated to an overall environmental impact. Life cycle costs are similarly determined and may be combined with environmental impact to an overall Eco-Efficiency Portfolio and Eco-Efficiency Index. The relevance check ensures inclusion of main impact categories and coverage of sufficient environmental impacts. A peer-reviewed case study on the treatment of flowback from fracturing operations demonstrates the applicability of the Eco-Efficiency Analysis. Deposition of flowback in existing hydrocarbon-containing reservoirs was compared with treatment in preparation for disposal to a municipal waste water treatment plant. The Reservoir option is more eco-efficient both at low and high flowback volumes. Disadvantages of the waste water treatment option include the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the high energy needed for the removal of dissolved solids from the flowback. The relevance check shows that climate change is the dominant environmental impact, but photochemical ozone formation, acidification, freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity and resource depletion (mineral & fossil) are significant as well.
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how to measure social impacts a socio eco efficiency Analysis by the seebalance method
International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2008Co-Authors: Daniela Kolsch, Peter Saling, Andreas Kicherer, Anahi P Grossesommer, Isabell SchmidtAbstract:BASF has, in cooperation with Karlsruhe University, Jena University and the Oko-Institut e.V. (Germany), developed a socio-Eco-Efficiency Analysis – the so-called SEEBALANCE®. The objective was the integration of quantified social indicators into the BASF Eco-Efficiency Analysis. Many life cycle analyses do not include an assessment of social impacts and effects. However, in order to arrive at a comprehensive assessment of products or processes, it is necessary to include all three dimensions of sustainability. The objective was to develop a tool, comparable to the BASF Eco-Efficiency Analysis, which is simple to use by LCA-experts and easy-to-understand for people without any prior experience in the field.
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assessing the environmental hazard potential for life cycle assessment eco efficiency and seebalance 8 pp
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2005Co-Authors: Peter Saling, Roland Maisch, Maurizio Silvani, Natalie KonigAbstract:BASF has developed the Eco-Efficiency Analysis tool to address not only strategic issues but also issues posed by the marketplace, politics and research. The goal was to develop a tool for supporting decision-making processes, which is useful for many of applications in the Chemical and other industries. A part of the Eco-Efficiency Analysis involves the evaluation of the toxicity and the eco-toxicity potential. Many life cycle analyses do not include an assessment of the toxicity potential nor the eco-toxicity potential. However, in order to arrive at a comprehensive assessment of products and processes, it is often the eco-toxicity potential, which constitutes an important factor with regard to the evaluation of sustainability. The cradle-to-grave approach is also important for this calculation and will be done based on a database that will be discussed also in this paper. The method used for the determination of the eco-toxicity potential follows the basic rules of the European Union Risk Ranking System (EURAM). The other criteria of the ecological fingerprint are combined with the economical results in the Eco-Efficiency portfolio. The results of the studies are shown in a simple diagram, the Eco-Efficiency portfolio. Therefore ecological data are summarized in a special manner as described previously. It has been shown that the weighting factors, which are used in our method, have a negligible impact on the results. In most cases, the input data have the dominant impact on the results of the study. The eco-toxicity assessment will be a part of the ecological calculation. Because of the cradle-to-grave approach, substances of the whole life cycle can be identified that might have a toxic impact to the environment. The results can be used for optimization of the process. The new calculation model allows the assessment of eco-toxicological substances in an appropriate and easy way. In most of the cases the data from a European safety data sheet are sufficient for the calculation. The normalized data can be incorporated very easily in the ecological fingerprint and in the drawing of the Eco-Efficiency portfolio. LCA in combination with the evaluation of the eco-toxicity potential will for reasons of optimizing for least impact become more important in certain cases. Especially in those systems where water emissions are likely, the use of the evaluation system in the Eco-Efficiency Analysis is recommended. This new methodology allows the calculation of eco-toxicity potentials in a short time with a small set of input information. The analytical Eco-Efficiency tool helps in implementing more sustainable processes and products in the future.
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industrial applications using basf eco efficiency Analysis perspectives on green engineering principles
Environmental Science & Technology, 2003Co-Authors: David R Shonnard, Andreas Kicherer, Peter SalingAbstract:Life without chemicals would be inconceivable, but the potential risks and impacts to the environment associated with chemical production and chemical products are viewed critically. Eco-Efficiency Analysis considers the economic and life cycle environmental effects of a product or process, giving these equal weighting. The major elements of the environmental assessment include primary energy use, raw materials utilization, emissions to all media, toxicity, safety risk, and land use. The relevance of each environmental category and also for the economic versus the environmental impacts is evaluated using national emissions and economic data. The Eco-Efficiency Analysis method of BASF is briefly presented, and results from three applications to chemical processes and products are summarized. Through these applications, the Eco-Efficiency analyses mostly confirm the 12 Principles listed in Anastas and Zimmerman (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(5), 94A), with the exception that, in one application, production systems based on bio-based feedstocks were not the most eco-efficient as compared to those based on fossil resources. Over 180 Eco-Efficiency analyses have been conducted at BASF, and their results have been used to support strategic decision-making, marketing, research and development, and communication with external parties. Eco-Efficiency Analysis, as one important strategy and success factor in sustainable development, will continue to be a very strong operational tool at BASF.
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industrial applications using basf eco efficiency Analysis perspectives on green engineering principles
Environmental Science & Technology, 2003Co-Authors: David R Shonnard, Peter SalingAbstract:Life without chemicals would be inconceivable, but the potential risks and impacts to the environment associated with chemical production and chemical products are viewed critically. Eco-Efficiency Analysis considers the economic and life cycle environmental effects of a product or process, giving these equal weighting. The major elements of the environmental assessment include primary energy use, raw materials utilization, emissions to all media, toxicity, safety risk, and land use. The relevance of each environmental category and also for the economic versus the environmental impacts is evaluated using national emissions and economic data. The Eco-Efficiency Analysis method of BASF is briefly presented, and results from three applications to chemical processes and products are summarized. Through these applications, the Eco-Efficiency analyses mostly confirm the 12 Principles listed in Anastas and Zimmerman (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37 (5), 94A), with the exception that, in one application, producti...
Shuchie Hsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative eco efficiency Analysis on asphalt pavement rehabilitation alternatives hot in place recycling and milling and filling
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Ruiju Cao, Zhe Leng, Shuchie HsuAbstract:Abstract With the ever-increasing road mileages worldwide, the focus of pavement construction has been shifted from new pavement construction to pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R). The corresponding huge environmental burdens and capital consumptions posed big challenges in achieving the target of sustainable development. In this study, an Eco-Efficiency Analysis (EEA) framework was developed and applied to compare two common asphalt pavement rehabilitation techniques: hot-in-place recycling (HIRP) and milling-and-filling (M&F), by integrating the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing Analysis (LCCA), which followed by a sensitivity Analysis to investigate the Eco-Efficiency performances of the two alternatives under different life extension scenarios. The Eco-Efficiency portfolio positions of hot-in-place recycling and milling-and-filling provided by the Eco-Efficiency Analysis clearly indicated that hot-in-place recycling was more eco-efficient than milling-and-filling under the same assumed service life (15 years) for the cases studied. Hot-in-place recycling could save 5% cost and reduce 16% overall environmental impacts than milling-and-filling, while milling-and-filling saved 7% energy consumption than hot-in-place recycling. When the life extension ratio of the two alternatives reaches 12/15 (HIPR/M&F), milling-and-filling starts to show its advantages in both environmental and economic aspects in the long-term perspective. These findings indicated that if the hot-in-place recycling technique could ensure its treatment effectiveness. Its wider adoption would be championed for more sustainable transportation infrastructure development. The method and results of this study were expected to serve as a reference for decision-makers to make well-informed project decisions on the optimum rehabilitation alternative from the view of Eco-Efficiency.
Sara Gonzalezgarcia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cross vessel eco efficiency Analysis a case study for purse seining fishing from north portugal targeting european pilchard
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2015Co-Authors: Sara Gonzalezgarcia, Pedro Villanuevarey, Sara Belo, Ian Vazquezrowe, Maria Teresa Moreira, Gumersindo Feijoo, Luis ArrojaAbstract:Purpose European pilchard captures constitute an important source of income for the Portuguese fishing sector. This raw material is used for a varied range of final seafood products, such as canning, fresh seafood consumption or bait for other fisheries. The Portuguese purse seining fleet, which concentrates most of the pilchard landings, has recently obtained the Marine Stewardship Council certification scheme, demonstrating the effort of the fleet to comply with sustainable fishing practices. However, this scheme does not consider the human inputs to the fishery, such as fuel consumption or the use of other materials and resources. Consequently, life-cycle methods, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), have arisen to provide a thorough assessment of the environmental profile of fishing fleets. In the current study, LCA is combined with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a management tool, in order to understand the Eco-Efficiency of the individual vessels that compose this fleet.
Ruiju Cao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative eco efficiency Analysis on asphalt pavement rehabilitation alternatives hot in place recycling and milling and filling
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Ruiju Cao, Zhe Leng, Shuchie HsuAbstract:Abstract With the ever-increasing road mileages worldwide, the focus of pavement construction has been shifted from new pavement construction to pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R). The corresponding huge environmental burdens and capital consumptions posed big challenges in achieving the target of sustainable development. In this study, an Eco-Efficiency Analysis (EEA) framework was developed and applied to compare two common asphalt pavement rehabilitation techniques: hot-in-place recycling (HIRP) and milling-and-filling (M&F), by integrating the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing Analysis (LCCA), which followed by a sensitivity Analysis to investigate the Eco-Efficiency performances of the two alternatives under different life extension scenarios. The Eco-Efficiency portfolio positions of hot-in-place recycling and milling-and-filling provided by the Eco-Efficiency Analysis clearly indicated that hot-in-place recycling was more eco-efficient than milling-and-filling under the same assumed service life (15 years) for the cases studied. Hot-in-place recycling could save 5% cost and reduce 16% overall environmental impacts than milling-and-filling, while milling-and-filling saved 7% energy consumption than hot-in-place recycling. When the life extension ratio of the two alternatives reaches 12/15 (HIPR/M&F), milling-and-filling starts to show its advantages in both environmental and economic aspects in the long-term perspective. These findings indicated that if the hot-in-place recycling technique could ensure its treatment effectiveness. Its wider adoption would be championed for more sustainable transportation infrastructure development. The method and results of this study were expected to serve as a reference for decision-makers to make well-informed project decisions on the optimum rehabilitation alternative from the view of Eco-Efficiency.
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eco efficiency Analysis on asphalt pavement rehabilitation alternatives hot in place recycling hipr and milling and filling m f
DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research, 2017Co-Authors: Ruiju Cao, Zhe Leng, Mark Shuchie HsuAbstract:With the ever-increasing road mileages worldwide, the focus of pavement construction has been shifted from new pavement to pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. A big challenge faced by achieving pavement construction sustainability is the huge consumption of capital, energy and non-renewable materials. In this study, an integrated Eco-Efficiency Analysis (EEA) framework was developed and applied to compare two common asphalt pavement rehabilitation methods: hot-in-place recycling (HIRP) and milling-and-filling (M&F), for a real project. It was found that HIPR saved 5% cost and reduced 16% overall environmental impacts than M&F, while M&F saved 7% energy consumption than HIPR. The portfolio positions of HIPR and M&F provided by the EEA clearly indicate that HIPR is more eco-efficient than M&F for the studied project.
Timo Kuosmanen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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eco efficiency Analysis of consumer durables using absolute shadow prices
Journal of Productivity Analysis, 2007Co-Authors: Mika Kortelainen, Timo KuosmanenAbstract:We develop a method for Eco-Efficiency Analysis of consumer durables that is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In contrast to previous product efficiency studies, we consider the measurement problem from the policy perspective. The innovation of the paper is to measure efficiency in terms of absolute shadow prices that are optimized endogenously within the model to maximize efficiency of the good. Thus, the efficiency measure has a direct economic interpretation as a monetary loss due to inefficiency, expressed in some currency unit. The advantages as well as technical differences between the proposed approach and the traditional production-side methods are discussed in detail. We illustrate the approach by an application to Eco-Efficiency evaluation of Sport Utility Vehicles.
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eco efficiency Analysis of consumer durables using absolute shadow prices
Public Economics, 2005Co-Authors: Mika Kortelainen, Timo KuosmanenAbstract:We develop a method for Eco-Efficiency Analysis of consumer durables by utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In contrast to previous product efficiency studies, we consider the measurement problem from the perspective of a policy maker. The novel innovation of the paper is to measure efficiency in terms of absolute shadow prices that are optimized endogenously within the model to maximize efficiency of the good. Thus, the efficiency measure has a direct economic interpretation as a monetary loss due to inefficiency, expressed in some currency unit. The advantages as well as technical differences between the proposed approach and the traditional production-side methods are discussed in detail. We illustrate the approach by an application to Eco-Efficiency evaluation of Sport Utility Vehicles.
