The Experts below are selected from a list of 135189 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Manuela Branco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Economic Outcome of classical biological control a case study on the eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus platensis and the parasitoid anaphes nitens
Ecological Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos Valente, Catarina I Goncalves, Fernanda Monteiro, Rodrigues Gaspar Joao Filipe, Margarida Silva, Miguel Sottomayor, Maria Rosa Paiva, Manuela BrancoAbstract:Abstract Despite the importance of invasive pests, few studies address the costs and benefits of the strategies used to control them. The present work assesses the Economic impact of the Eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus platensis, and the benefits resulting from its biological control with Anaphes nitens in Portugal, over a 20-year period. Comparisons were made between the real situation (with A. nitens) and three scenarios without biological control: 1) replacement of Eucalyptus globulus by resistant eucalypts; 2) insecticide use; and 3) offset of yield losses by imported wood. A cost-benefit analysis was performed to evaluate a programme that aimed to accelerate A. nitens establishment. Although A. nitens provides adequate pest control in several regions, 46% of the area planted with eucalypts is affected by the beetle, causing wood losses of 648 M euros over 20 years. Losses in the three hypothetical scenarios were estimated at 2451 M-7164 M euros, resulting in benefits from biological control of 1803 M–6516 M euros, despite the fact that only partial success was achieved. Anticipating biological control by just one, two, or three years resulted in benefit-cost ratios of 67, 190, and 347, respectively. Because nonmarket values were not accounted for, these figures are likely underestimated.
Jane Brewin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a pragmatic group sequential placebo controlled randomised trial to determine the effectiveness of glyceryl trinitrate for retained placenta got it a study protocol
BMJ Open, 2017Co-Authors: Fiona C Denison, John Norrie, Julia Lawton, Jane E Norman, Graham Scotland, Gladys Mcpherson, A M Mcdonald, Mark Forrest, Jemma Hudson, Jane BrewinAbstract:Introduction A retained placenta is diagnosed when the placenta is not delivered following delivery of the baby. It is a major cause of postpartum haemorrhage and treated by the operative procedure of manual removal of placenta (MROP). Methods and analysis The aim of this pragmatic, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind UK-wide trial, with an internal pilot and nested qualitative research to adjust strategies to refine delivery of the main trial, is to determine whether sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is (or is not) clinically and cost-effective for (medical) management of retained placenta. The primary clinical Outcome is need for MROP, defined as the placenta remaining undelivered 15 min poststudy treatment and/or being required within 15 min of treatment due to safety concerns. The primary safety Outcome is measured blood loss between administration of treatment and transfer to the postnatal ward or other clinical area. The primary patient-sided Outcome is satisfaction with treatment and a side effect profile. The primary Economic Outcome is net incremental costs (or cost savings) to the National Health Service of using GTN versus standard practice. Secondary Outcomes are being measured over a range of clinical and Economic domains. The primary Outcomes will be analysed using linear models appropriate to the distribution of each Outcome. Health service costs will be compared with multiple trial Outcomes in a cost-consequence analysis of GTN versus standard practice. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the North-East Newcastle & North Tyneside 2 Research Ethics Committee (13/NE/0339). Dissemination plans for the trial include the Health Technology Assessment Monograph, presentation at international scientific meetings and publication in high-impact, peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number ISCRTN88609453; Pre-results.
Ruth N. Zadoks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Invited Review: The Role of Cow, Pathogen, and Treatment Regimen in the Therapeutic Success of Bovine Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis
Journal of Dairy Science, 2010Co-Authors: Herman W. Barkema, Ynte H. Schukken, Ruth N. ZadoksAbstract:Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of udder infections in dairy herds. Both lactational and dry cow therapy are part of Staph. aureus control programs. Reported cure rates for Staph. aureus mastitis vary considerably. The probability of cure depends on cow, pathogen, and treatment factors. Cure rates decrease with increasing age of the cow, increasing somatic cell count, increasing duration of infection, increasing bacterial colony counts in milk before treatment, and increasing number of quarters infected. Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in hind quarters has a low cure rate compared with front quarters. Antimicrobial treatment of intramammary infections with penicillin-resistant Staph. aureus strains results in a lower cure rate for treatment with either beta-lactam or non-beta-lactam antibiotics. Other strain-specific factors may affect the probability of cure but routine diagnostic methods for use in bacteriology laboratories or veterinary practices are not yet available. The most important treatment factor affecting cure is treatment duration. Increased duration of treatment is associated with increased chance of cure. Economically, extended treatment is not always justified, even when indirect effects of treatment such as prevention of contagious transmission are taken into consideration. Usefulness of treatment trials could be improved by standardization of case definitions, consideration of host and strain factors, and sufficient statistical power. Treatment of young animals with penicillin-sensitive Staph. aureus infections is often justified based on bacteriological cure and Economic Outcome, whereas treatment of older animals, chronic infections, or penicillin-resistant isolates should be discouraged.
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invited review the role of cow pathogen and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine staphylococcus aureus mastitis
Journal of Dairy Science, 2006Co-Authors: Herman W. Barkema, Ynte H. Schukken, Ruth N. ZadoksAbstract:Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of udder infections in dairy herds. Both lactational and dry cow therapy are part of Staph. aureus control programs. Reported cure rates for Staph. aureus mastitis vary considerably. The probability of cure depends on cow, pathogen, and treatment factors. Cure rates decrease with increasing age of the cow, increasing somatic cell count, increasing duration of infection, increasing bacterial colony counts in milk before treatment, and increasing number of quarters infected. Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in hind quarters has a low cure rate compared with front quarters. Antimicrobial treatment of intramammary infections with penicillin-resistant Staph. aureus strains results in a lower cure rate for treatment with either β-lactam or non-β-lactam antibiotics. Other strain-specific factors may affect the probability of cure but routine diagnostic methods for use in bacteriology laboratories or veterinary practices are not yet available. The most important treatment factor affecting cure is treatment duration. Increased duration of treatment is associated with increased chance of cure. Economically, extended treatment is not always justified, even when indirect effects of treatment such as prevention of contagious transmission are taken into consideration. Usefulness of treatment trials could be improved by standardization of case definitions, consideration of host and strain factors, and sufficient statistical power. Treatment of young animals with penicillin-sensitive Staph. aureus infections is often justified based on bacteriological cure and Economic Outcome, whereas treatment of older animals, chronic infections, or penicillin-resistant isolates should be discouraged.
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use of partial budgeting to determine the Economic benefits of antibiotic treatment of chronic subclinical mastitis caused by streptococcus uberis or streptococcus dysgalactiae
Journal of Dairy Research, 2005Co-Authors: J M Swinkels, Ruth N. Zadoks, Jolanda G A Rooijendijk, H HogeveenAbstract:The Economic effect of lactational antibiotic treatment of chronic subclinical intramammary infections due to Streptococcus uberis or Streptococcus dysgalactiae was explored by means of partial budgeting. Effects at cow level and herd level were modelled, including prevention of clinical mastitis episodes and the prevention of transmission of infections. Input variables for our deterministic model were derived from literature or based on 2002/2003 dairy prices and farming conditions in The Netherlands. Sensitivity analysis was used to examine the effect of uncertainty around input variables or changes in price estimates. On farms where pathogen transmission was prevented through proper udder health management, 3-d antibiotic treatment during lactation resulted in an average net profit of euro+11.62 over no treatment while 8-d antibiotic treatment had an average negative net result of euro-21.83. Sensitivity analysis showed that profitability depends on the probability of treatment-induced cure, pathogen transmission rates, culling rate, retention pay-off, and costs of antibiotic treatment. Three-day antibiotic treatment of chronic subclinical streptococcal mastitis is Economically profitable over a range of input values for cure probabilities, transmission rates and losses due to culling. In contrast, 8-d lactational treatment is only profitable for very valuable animals, on farms where the risk of pathogen transmission is high and/or when the farmer is likely to cull a high percentage of cows with subclinical mastitis. Because bacterial flora, cow characteristics and management differ widely between farms, the Economic Outcome of lactational treatment of chronic subclinical streptococcal mastitis may be highly farm-dependent.
Carlos Valente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Economic Outcome of classical biological control a case study on the eucalyptus snout beetle gonipterus platensis and the parasitoid anaphes nitens
Ecological Economics, 2018Co-Authors: Carlos Valente, Catarina I Goncalves, Fernanda Monteiro, Rodrigues Gaspar Joao Filipe, Margarida Silva, Miguel Sottomayor, Maria Rosa Paiva, Manuela BrancoAbstract:Abstract Despite the importance of invasive pests, few studies address the costs and benefits of the strategies used to control them. The present work assesses the Economic impact of the Eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus platensis, and the benefits resulting from its biological control with Anaphes nitens in Portugal, over a 20-year period. Comparisons were made between the real situation (with A. nitens) and three scenarios without biological control: 1) replacement of Eucalyptus globulus by resistant eucalypts; 2) insecticide use; and 3) offset of yield losses by imported wood. A cost-benefit analysis was performed to evaluate a programme that aimed to accelerate A. nitens establishment. Although A. nitens provides adequate pest control in several regions, 46% of the area planted with eucalypts is affected by the beetle, causing wood losses of 648 M euros over 20 years. Losses in the three hypothetical scenarios were estimated at 2451 M-7164 M euros, resulting in benefits from biological control of 1803 M–6516 M euros, despite the fact that only partial success was achieved. Anticipating biological control by just one, two, or three years resulted in benefit-cost ratios of 67, 190, and 347, respectively. Because nonmarket values were not accounted for, these figures are likely underestimated.
Nathan J Bennett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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from measuring Outcomes to providing inputs governance management and local development for more effective marine protected areas
Marine Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Nathan J Bennett, Philip DeardenAbstract:Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to conserve marine resources as well as provide social and Economic benefits to local communities. Yet the percentage of MPAs that might be considered “successful” or effective on ecological and/or socio-Economic accounts is debatable. Measurement of biophysical and socio-Economic Outcome indicators has become de rigeur for examining MPA management effectiveness so that adaptive feedback loops can stimulate new management actions. Scholars and practitioners alike have suggested that more attention should be given to the inputs that are likely to lead to successful MPA Outcomes. This paper briefly discusses the potential ecological and socio-Economic Outcomes of MPAs then reviews the literature on three categories of inputs – governance, management, and local development – that lead to effective MPAs. In conclusion, the paper presents a novel inputs framework that incorporates indicators for governance, management and development to be used in the design and analysis of MPAs.
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from measuring Outcomes to providing inputs governance management and local development for more effective marine protected areas
Marine Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Nathan J Bennett, Philip DeardenAbstract:Marine protected areas (MPAs) have the potential to conserve marine resources as well as provide social and Economic benefits to local communities. Yet the percentage of MPAs that might be considered "successful" or effective on ecological and/or socio-Economic accounts is debatable. Measurement of biophysical and socio-Economic Outcome indicators has become de rigeur for examining MPA manage- ment effectiveness so that adaptive feedback loops can stimulate new management actions. Scholars and practitioners alike have suggested that more attention should be given to the inputs that are likely to lead to successful MPA Outcomes. This paper briefly discusses the potential ecological and socio- Economic Outcomes of MPAs then reviews the literature on three categories of inputs - governance, management, and local development - that lead to effective MPAs. In conclusion, the paper presents a novel inputs framework that incorporates indicators for governance, management and development to be used in the design and analysis of MPAs. & 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
