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Necia Parker Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jayachandran N. Variyam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Economics of Obesity: A Report on the Workshop Held at USDA's Economic Research Service
    2005
    Co-Authors: Tomas Philipson, Carolanne Dai, Lorens Helmchen, Jayachandran N. Variyam
    Abstract:

    Since the mid-1970s, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased dramatically in the United States. The prevalence of overweight has tripled among children and adolescents, and nearly two out of three adult Americans are either overweight or obese. Although high health, social, and Economic costs are known to be associated with obesity, the underlying causes of weight gain are less understood. At a basic level, weight gain and obesity are the result of individual choices. Consequently, Economics, as a discipline that studies how individuals use limited resources to attain alternative ends, can provide unique insight into the actions and forces that cause individuals to gain excessive weight. In April 2003, USDA’s Economic Research Service and the University of Chicago’s Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies and the George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State jointly hosted a workshop on the Economics of Obesity. The purpose was to provide an overview of leading health Economics Research on the causes and consequences of rising obesity in the United States. Topics included the role of technological change in explaining both the long- and short-term trends in obesity, the role of maternal employment in child obesity, the impact of obesity on wages and health insurance, behavioral Economics as applied to obesity, and the challenges in measuring energy intakes and physical activity. The workshop also discussed policy implications and future directions for obesity Research. This report presents a summary of the papers and the discussions presented at the workshop.

  • A Report on the Workshop Held at USDA's Economic Research Service
    2004
    Co-Authors: Tomas Philipson, Carolanne Dai, Jayachandran N. Variyam
    Abstract:

    Since the mid-1970s, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased dramatically in the United States. The prevalence of overweight has tripled among children and adolescents, and nearly two out of three adult Americans are either overweight or obese. Although high health, social, and Economic costs are known to be associated with obesity, the underlying causes of weight gain are less understood. At a basic level, weight gain and obesity are the result of individual choices. Consequently, Economics, as a discipline that studies how individuals use limited resources to attain alternative ends, can provide unique insight into the actions and forces that cause individuals to gain excessive weight. In April 2003, USDA’s Economic Research Service and the University of Chicago’s Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies and the George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State jointly hosted a workshop on the Economics of Obesity. The purpose was to provide an overview of leading health Economics Research on the causes and consequences of rising obesity in the United States. Topics included the role of technological change in explaining both the long- and short-term trends in obesity, the role of maternal employment in child obesity, the impact of obesity on wages and health insurance, behavioral Economics as applied to obesity, and the challenges in measuring energy intakes and physical activity. The workshop also discussed policy implications and future directions for obesity Research. This report presents a summary of the papers and the discussions presented at the workshop.

  • Electronic Report from the Economic Research Service
    2003
    Co-Authors: Jayachandran N. Variyam
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this study is to better characterize factors associated with the likelihood of macronutrient excess or inadequacy among U.S adults by modeling parts of the conditional distribution of dietary intakes other than the conditional mean. The risk of dietary inadequacy or excess faced by an individual tends to increase as his or her intake moves from the mean of a nutrient intake distribution toward its tails. Therefore, marginal effects of explanatory variables estimated at the conditional mean using ordinary least squares may be of limited value in characterizing these distributions. Quantile regression is effective in this situation since it can estimate conditional functions at any part of the distribution. Quantile regressions based on data from USDA’s 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals indicate that differences in mean macronutrient intakes based on sociodemographic characteristics can be quite different from intake differences at other parts of the distributions. Therefore, judging dietary disparities between subpopulations by comparing mean intakes only, and not by comparing intakes at other parts of the distributions, may lead to misleading or incomplete conclusions.

Kent D. Messer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Robert A. Hoppe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Report from the Economic Research Service
    2011
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Hoppe, David E. Banker, Robert Ebel, Keith Fuglie, Penni Korb, Michael Livingston, Cynthia J. Nickerson, Carmen Sandretto
    Abstract:

    Innovations in farm organization, business arrangements, and production practices have allowed farmers to produce more with less. Fewer labor hours and less land are used today than 30 years ago, and practices such as the use of genetically engineered seeds and no-till have dampened increases in machinery, fuel, and pesticide use. Likely aided by the increased use of risk management tools such as contracts and crop insurance, U.S. agricultural productivity has increased by nearly 50 percent since 1982. Future innovations will be necessary to maintain, or boost, current productivity gains in order to meet the growing global demands that will be placed upon U.S. agriculture.

  • The Evolution of Structural Change in the U.S. Farm Sector
    2004
    Co-Authors: James M. Macdonald, Robert A. Hoppe, David E. Banker
    Abstract:

    James M. MacDonald* Robert Hoppe* David Banker* May, 2004 *U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Paper prepared for the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC) conference, Philadelphia, June 6, 2004. We thank Mary Ahearn, David Harrington, Jeffrey Hopkins, William McBride, and James Johnson for comments on earlier drafts. The views expressed herein are not necessarily those of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

  • America's Diverse Family Farms: Assorted Sizes, Types, and Situations
    Agricultural Information Bulletins, 2001
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Hoppe, James M. Macdonald
    Abstract:

    This report describes a farm typology developed by the Economic Research Service (ERS), which categorizes farms into more homogeneous groups than classifications based on sales volume alone, producing a more effective policy development tool. The typology is used to describe U.S. farm structure.

  • ERS Farm Typology for a Diverse Agricultural Sector
    Agricultural Information Bulletins, 2000
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Hoppe, Janet E. Perry, David E. Banker
    Abstract:

    The Economic Research Service (ERS) developed a farm typology which categorizes farms into more homogeneous groups than do classifications based on sales volume alone, producing a more effective policy development tool. The typology is used to describe U.S. farms.

Victor Oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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