The Experts below are selected from a list of 13716 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Christina Ruden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
prioritising pharmaceuticals for environmental risk assessment towards adequate and feasible first tier selection
Science of The Total Environment, 2012Co-Authors: Vendela Roos, Lina Gunnarsson, Jerker Fick, D G J Larsson, Christina RudenAbstract:The presence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, and the concerns for negative effects on aquatic organisms, has gained increasing attention over the last years. As Ecotoxicity data are ...
-
reporting and evaluation criteria as means towards a transparent use of Ecotoxicity data for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals
Environmental Pollution, 2011Co-Authors: Marlene Agerstrand, Magnus Breitholtz, Anette Kuster, Jean Bachmann, Ina Ebert, B Rechenberg, Christina RudenAbstract:Ecotoxicity data with high reliability and relevance are needed to guarantee the scientific quality of environmental risk assessments of pharmaceuticals. The main advantages of a more structured ap ...
-
comparison of four different methods for reliability evaluation of Ecotoxicity data a case study of non standard test data used in environmental risk assessments of pharmaceutical substances
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2011Co-Authors: Marlene Agerstrand, Magnus Breitholtz, Christina RudenAbstract:Background Standard test data are still preferred and recommended for regulatory environmental risk assessments of pharmaceuticals even though data generated by non-standard tests could improve the scientific basis of risk assessments by providing relevant and more sensitive endpoints. The aim of this study was to investigate if non-standard Ecotoxicity data can be evaluated systematically in risk assessments of pharmaceuticals. This has been done by evaluating the usefulness of four reliability evaluation methods, and by investigating whether recently published non-standard Ecotoxicity studies from the open scientific literature fulfill the criteria that these methods propose.
Marlene Agerstrand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
nanocred a transparent framework to assess the regulatory adequacy of Ecotoxicity data for nanomaterials relevance and reliability revisited
NanoImpact, 2017Co-Authors: Nanna B Hartmann, Marlene Agerstrand, Hanschristian Holten Lutzhoft, Anders BaunAbstract:Abstract Environmental hazard and risk assessment serve as the basis for regulatory decisions to protect the environment from unintentional adverse effects of chemical substances including nanomaterials. This process requires reliable and relevant environmental hazard data upon which classification and labelling can be based and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) values can be estimated. In a regulatory context ecotoxicological data is often recommended to be generated according to accepted and validated test guidelines, preferably also following Good Laboratory Practice. However, engineered nanomaterials are known to behave very differently in Ecotoxicity tests compared to the conventional soluble chemicals, for which most guidelines were developed. Therefore non-guideline tests, or tests following modified test guidelines, can provide valuable information and should not per se be considered less adequate for regulatory use. Here we propose a framework for reliability and relevance evaluation of Ecotoxicity data for nanomaterials that take into account the challenges and characterisation requirements associated with testing of these substances. The nanoCRED evaluation criteria, and accompanying guidance, were developed to be used in combination with those developed through the ‘Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED)’ project. This approach can accommodate all types of nanomaterials, all types of aquatic Ecotoxicity studies, and qualitative as well as quantitative data evaluation requirements. Furthermore, it is practically feasible to implement and directly applicable in European as well as international regulatory frameworks.
-
cred criteria for reporting and evaluating Ecotoxicity data
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Caroline T A Moermond, Robert Kase, Muris Korkaric, Marlene AgerstrandAbstract:Predicted-no-effect concentrations (PNECs) and environmental quality standards (EQSs) are derived in a large number of legal frameworks worldwide. When deriving these safe concentrations, it is necessary to evaluate the reliability and relevance of Ecotoxicity studies. Such evaluation is often subject to expert judgment, which may introduce bias and decrease consistency when risk assessors evaluate the same study. The Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED) project attempts to address this problem. It aims to improve the reproducibility, transparency, and consistency of reliability and relevance evaluations of aquatic Ecotoxicity studies among regulatory frameworks, countries, institutes, and individual assessors. In the present study, the CRED evaluation method is presented. It includes a set of 20 reliability and 13 relevance criteria, accompanied by extensive guidance. Risk assessors who participated in the CRED ring test evaluated the CRED evaluation method to be more accurate, applicable, consistent, and transparent than the often-used Klimisch method. The CRED evaluation method is accompanied by reporting recommendations for aquatic Ecotoxicity studies, with 50 specific criteria divided into 6 categories: general information, test design, test substance, test organism, exposure conditions, and statistical design and biological response. An Ecotoxicity study in which all important information is reported is more likely to be considered for regulatory use, and proper reporting may also help in the peer-review process.
-
criteria for reporting and evaluating Ecotoxicity data cred comparison and perception of the klimisch and cred methods for evaluating reliability and relevance of Ecotoxicity studies
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2016Co-Authors: Robert Kase, Muris Korkaric, Inge Werner, Marlene AgerstrandAbstract:The regulatory evaluation of Ecotoxicity studies for environmental risk and/or hazard assessment of chemicals is often performed using the method established by Klimisch and colleagues in 1997. The method was, at that time, an important step toward improved evaluation of study reliability, but lately it has been criticized for lack of detail and guidance, and for not ensuring sufficient consistency among risk assessors. A new evaluation method was thus developed: Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Ecotoxicity Data (CRED). The CRED evaluation method aims at strengthening consistency and transparency of hazard and risk assessment of chemicals by providing criteria and guidance for reliability and relevance evaluation of aquatic Ecotoxicity studies. A two-phased ring test was conducted to compare and characterize the differences between the CRED and Klimisch evaluation methods. A total of 75 risk assessors from 12 countries participated. Results show that the CRED evaluation method provides a more detailed and transparent evaluation of reliability and relevance than the Klimisch method. Ring test participants perceived it to be less dependent on expert judgement, more accurate and consistent, and practical regarding the use of criteria and time needed for performing an evaluation. We conclude that the CRED evaluation method is a suitable replacement for the Klimisch method, and that its use may contribute to an improved harmonization of hazard and risk assessments of chemicals across different regulatory frameworks.
-
reporting and evaluation criteria as means towards a transparent use of Ecotoxicity data for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals
Environmental Pollution, 2011Co-Authors: Marlene Agerstrand, Magnus Breitholtz, Anette Kuster, Jean Bachmann, Ina Ebert, B Rechenberg, Christina RudenAbstract:Ecotoxicity data with high reliability and relevance are needed to guarantee the scientific quality of environmental risk assessments of pharmaceuticals. The main advantages of a more structured ap ...
-
comparison of four different methods for reliability evaluation of Ecotoxicity data a case study of non standard test data used in environmental risk assessments of pharmaceutical substances
Environmental Sciences Europe, 2011Co-Authors: Marlene Agerstrand, Magnus Breitholtz, Christina RudenAbstract:Background Standard test data are still preferred and recommended for regulatory environmental risk assessments of pharmaceuticals even though data generated by non-standard tests could improve the scientific basis of risk assessments by providing relevant and more sensitive endpoints. The aim of this study was to investigate if non-standard Ecotoxicity data can be evaluated systematically in risk assessments of pharmaceuticals. This has been done by evaluating the usefulness of four reliability evaluation methods, and by investigating whether recently published non-standard Ecotoxicity studies from the open scientific literature fulfill the criteria that these methods propose.
William Gerson Matias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
comparative assessment of acute and chronic Ecotoxicity of water soluble fractions of diesel and biodiesel on daphnia magna and aliivibrio fischeri
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Juliana Braun Muller, Silvia Pedroso Melegari, François Perreault, William Gerson MatiasAbstract:Abstract The widespread use of diesel as a transportation fuel and the introduction of biodiesel into the world energy matrix increase the likelihood of aquatic contamination with these fuels. In this case, it is important to know the environmental impacts caused by water-soluble fraction (WSF) of these fuels, since it is the portion that can result in long-term impacts and affect regions far away from the location of a spill. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the aquatic Ecotoxicity of the WSF of biodiesel and diesel through acute Ecotoxicity tests with the aquatic microcrustacean Daphnia magna and the marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri, as well as chronic Ecotoxicity tests with D. magna. The WSF of diesel was 2.5–4 folds more toxic than the WSF of biodiesel in acute Ecotoxicity tests. Similarly, a comparison of the chronic Ecotoxicity demonstrated that the WSF of diesel was more toxic than the WSF of biodiesel. WSF of diesel causes chronic effects on reproduction, longevity and growth of D. magna (NOEC was 12.5, 12.5, 6.25%, respectively), while WSF of biodiesel did not present significantly different results compared to the control for any of the parameters evaluated in any of the dilutions tested (NOEC> 25%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the chronic Ecotoxicity of WSF of diesel and biodiesel on D. magna.
-
comparative assessment of acute and chronic Ecotoxicity of water soluble fractions of diesel and biodiesel on daphnia magna and aliivibrio fischeri
Chemosphere, 2019Co-Authors: Juliana Braun Muller, Silvia Pedroso Melegari, François Perreault, William Gerson MatiasAbstract:Abstract The widespread use of diesel as a transportation fuel and the introduction of biodiesel into the world energy matrix increase the likelihood of aquatic contamination with these fuels. In this case, it is important to know the environmental impacts caused by water-soluble fraction (WSF) of these fuels, since it is the portion that can result in long-term impacts and affect regions far away from the location of a spill. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the aquatic Ecotoxicity of the WSF of biodiesel and diesel through acute Ecotoxicity tests with the aquatic microcrustacean Daphnia magna and the marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri, as well as chronic Ecotoxicity tests with D. magna. The WSF of diesel was 2.5–4 folds more toxic than the WSF of biodiesel in acute Ecotoxicity tests. Similarly, a comparison of the chronic Ecotoxicity demonstrated that the WSF of diesel was more toxic than the WSF of biodiesel. WSF of diesel causes chronic effects on reproduction, longevity and growth of D. magna (NOEC was 12.5, 12.5, 6.25%, respectively), while WSF of biodiesel did not present significantly different results compared to the control for any of the parameters evaluated in any of the dilutions tested (NOEC> 25%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that compares the chronic Ecotoxicity of WSF of diesel and biodiesel on D. magna.
G Maisto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
orthonychiurus pseudostachianus collembola as a toxicity test organism and selection of an ecotoxicological test battery to assess soil quality
Applied Soil Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Lucia Santorufo, Rita Carotenuto, Fabiano De Luca Picione, A. Rocco, G MaistoAbstract:Abstract This study aimed at developing a test using an autochthonous collembolan species ( Orthonychiurus pseudostachianus , Gisin 1956) to assess soil toxicity. To evaluate the feasibility of this species in soil Ecotoxicity assessment, it was considered whether the biological characteristics of the proposed species met the criteria reported in OECD guideline 232 for toxicity testing using Folsomia candida . Next, the sensitivity to soil metal contamination was evaluated performing the test on an artificial soil spiked with Zn concentrations ranging from 4.79 to 479 μg g −1 d.w. To verify its suitability for soil Ecotoxicity assessment, the proposed test was performed on soils collected at six sites in the urban area of Naples together with other ecotoxicological tests. The other aim of the study was to identify the lowest number of tests needed to obtain an optimized test battery for soil Ecotoxicity assessment. At the tested Zn concentrations, no mortality of O. pseudostachianus was observed whereas reproduction was halved at 37.4 μg Zn g −1 d.w. (95% confidence limits 29.3–44.8). In the field-collected soils, reproduction of O. pseudostachianus proved a useful tool to assess soil quality. A test battery composed only by Sinapis alba (germination index), O. pseudostachianus (reproduction), Eisenia veneta (body growth), and Heterocypris incongruens (body growth) tests were shown to be sufficiently informative to assess soil toxicity.
-
orthonychiurus pseudostachianus collembola as a toxicity test organism and selection of an ecotoxicological test battery to assess soil quality
Applied Soil Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Lucia Santorufo, Rita Carotenuto, Fabiano De Luca Picione, A. Rocco, G MaistoAbstract:Abstract This study aimed at developing a test using an autochthonous collembolan species ( Orthonychiurus pseudostachianus , Gisin 1956) to assess soil toxicity. To evaluate the feasibility of this species in soil Ecotoxicity assessment, it was considered whether the biological characteristics of the proposed species met the criteria reported in OECD guideline 232 for toxicity testing using Folsomia candida . Next, the sensitivity to soil metal contamination was evaluated performing the test on an artificial soil spiked with Zn concentrations ranging from 4.79 to 479 μg g −1 d.w. To verify its suitability for soil Ecotoxicity assessment, the proposed test was performed on soils collected at six sites in the urban area of Naples together with other ecotoxicological tests. The other aim of the study was to identify the lowest number of tests needed to obtain an optimized test battery for soil Ecotoxicity assessment. At the tested Zn concentrations, no mortality of O. pseudostachianus was observed whereas reproduction was halved at 37.4 μg Zn g −1 d.w. (95% confidence limits 29.3–44.8). In the field-collected soils, reproduction of O. pseudostachianus proved a useful tool to assess soil quality. A test battery composed only by Sinapis alba (germination index), O. pseudostachianus (reproduction), Eisenia veneta (body growth), and Heterocypris incongruens (body growth) tests were shown to be sufficiently informative to assess soil toxicity.
Jacek Namieśnik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
ranking of ecotoxisity tests for underground water assessment using the hasse diagram technique
Chemosphere, 2014Co-Authors: Blazej Kudlak, Agnieszka Sagajdakow, Lidia Wolska, Stefan Tsakovski, Vasil Simeonov, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:Abstract The present study deals with the novel application of the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) for the specific ranking of Ecotoxicity tests capable of assessment of underground water quality. The area studied is a multi-municipal landfill in the northern Poland. The monitoring network of the landfill constitutes of 27 piezometers for underground water monitoring and two observation points at surface water courses. After sampling, chemical analysis of various water parameters was performed (pH, conductivity, temperature, turbidity (TURB), color, taste, smell and atmospheric conditions: temperature, precipitation and cloud cover, heavy metals content (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr 6+ , Hg), total organic carbon (TOC), sum of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, alkalinity (Alkal), general hardness, total suspended matter (SUSP), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), chlorides, fluorides, sulphides, sulphates, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen, volatile phenols, ether extracts (ETHER), dry residues (DRY_RES), dissolved compounds). Parallel to the chemical parameters assessment six different Ecotoxicity tests were applied (% root length(PG)/germination(PR) inhibition of Sorghum saccharatum (respectively PGSS/PRSS) , Sinapis alba (respectively PGSA/PRSA) , Lepidium sativum (respectively PGLS/PRLS) , % bioluminescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri (MT) , % mortality of Daphnia magna (DM) , % mortality of Thamnocephalus platyrus (TN)). In order to determine the applicability of the various Ecotoxicity tests, a ranking of samples from different monitoring levels according to the test used (attributes) is done by using HDT. Further, the sensitivity of the biotests was determined and compared. From the sensitivity analysis of the both monitoring levels was evident that the choice of Ecotoxicity tests could be optimized by the use of HDT strategy. Most reliable results could be expected by the application of root growth inhibition of Sorghum saccharatum (PGSS test). In order to clarify the relationship between the chemical parameters measured and each of the Ecotoxicity tests a optimized similarity analysis between Hasse diagrams for the Ecotoxicity tests for different levels of monitoring and Hasse diagrams obtained by the use of the chemical parameters was performed. Finally, it could be concluded that for reliable monitoring of underground waters passing a dump collector following chemical parameters are of significance: water hardness, dissolved matter, total nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate nitrogen), nickel, chlorides, alkalinity, total organic carbon and ether extract and the proper battery test could include PGSA, PGSS and PRSS.
-
relationship between heavy metal distribution in sediment samples and their Ecotoxicity by the use of the hasse diagram technique
Analytica Chimica Acta, 2012Co-Authors: Stefan Tsakovski, Blazej Kudlak, Lidia Wolska, Gregorio Garcia, Vasil Simeonov, Jacek NamieśnikAbstract:Abstract Many studies assessing the quality of sediments and their pollution impact use monitoring data consisting predominantly of chemical indicators. Recently, Ecotoxicity estimates have been used as very important parameters of the ecological state of sediment samples. Thus, a more complete sediment risk assessment is achieved and more reliable information on the sediment pollution history is extracted. The data interpretation could be improved if multivariate statistical techniques were applied to data classification, modelling and interpretation. The starting classification of the data was performed using self-organizing maps (SOM) approach in order to reveal specific relationship patterns for objects and for variables. The original element of the present study is the use of the Hasse diagram technique (HDT) for partial ordering in order to explain some specific relations between the chemical indicators analysed (heavy metal content in different sediment compartments) and the Ecotoxicity tests for acute and chronic toxicity. In principle, a reliable estimate of the pollution impact of a large environmental object (the Mar Menor lagoon in Spain) is achieved. The specific role of each one of the five heavy metals involved (Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Cd) is interpreted in the context of the additional Ecotoxicity tests.
