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Serguei V. Triapitsyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Tim Haye - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Native Egg Parasitoids recorded from the invasive Halyomorpha halys successfully exploit volatiles emitted by the plant–herbivore complex
    Journal of Pest Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Gabriele Rondoni, Ezio Peri, Lara Maistrello, Valeria Bertoldi, Robert Malek, Maria Cristina Foti, Tim Haye, Eric Conti
    Abstract:

    When an accidentally introduced pest establishes in the invaded area, native natural enemies may adapt to the new host. A decade after the accidental introduction of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in Europe, two generalist native Egg Parasitoids, the eupelmid Anastatus bifasciatus and the encyrtid Ooencyrtus telenomicida, have been recorded from this invasive agricultural pest in the field. Both species are able to complete development to the adult stage within the new host. Trissolcus basalis (Platygastridae = Scelionidae), which is not associated with H. halys in the field, was reared from freeze-killed sentinel Eggs placed on soybean plants in central Italy. We tested in a Y-tube olfactometer the behavioural responses of these Egg Parasitoids to volatiles from H. halys adults and from Vicia faba plants attacked by H. halys. Both A. bifasciatus and O. telenomicida positively responded to adult H. halys male volatiles and to H. halys-induced plant volatiles, indicating ability to exploit cues associated with the new host for Egg location, whereas T. basalis only reacted to female volatiles. A. bifasciatus and O. telenomicida are generalist Egg Parasitoids, showing a much wider host range when compared to T. basalis. On the other hand, platygastrid Egg Parasitoids from the native area of H. halys, considered for classical biological control, may be too risky due to the possibility of attacking non-target species, including predaceous stink bugs. Therefore, indigenous A. bifasciatus and O. telenomicida are presently under evaluation for augmentative biological control of H. halys in Europe.

  • can native Egg Parasitoids adopt the invasive brown marmorated stink bug halyomorpha halys heteroptera pentatomidae in europe
    Journal of Pest Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Tim Haye, S Fischer, Jinping Zhang, Tara D Gariepy
    Abstract:

    Halyomorpha halys was accidentally introduced into Switzerland around 2004 and has recently spread to several additional areas in Europe, with established populations documented in France, Italy, Greece and Hungary. To test whether generalist Egg Parasitoids of European Pentatomidae have the potential to control H. halys, and whether these could be as effective as their related Asian species, sentinel Egg masses of H. halys and six native European pentatomids were exposed in two regions of Switzerland. Freeze-killed sentinel Egg masses of H. halys were attacked by the platygastrid Trissolcus cultratus and the eupelmid Anastatus bifasciatus, whereas fresh Egg masses of native Pentatomidae occassionally yielded four Scelionidae species: Trissolcus semistriatus, T. scutellaris, T. cultratus and Telenomus chloropus. In no-choice tests, T. chloropus and T. semistratus produced no offspring from fresh H. halys Eggs, whereas T. cultratus and T. scutellaris were sporadically able to complete development. Stopping embryogenesis by freezing Egg masses of H. halys at -80 °C enabled T. cultratus and T. semistriatus to produce a high number of offspring without influencing the behaviour of the Parasitoids. In contrast to European platygastrids, the Asian Parasitoids Trissolcus japonicus and T. cultratus (Chinese strain) caused significantly higher parasitism of fresh H. halys Eggs. Differences in developmental success may be related to less efficient venom of European scelionids injected during oviposition. To date, A. bifasciatus is the only potential candidate for augmentaive biological control of H. halys in Europe as it was the only European parasitoid capable of consistent, successful development on fresh H. halys Eggs.

Paula M. Shrewsbury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Field surveys of Egg mortality and indigenous Egg Parasitoids of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in ornamental nurseries in the mid-Atlantic region of the USA
    Journal of Pest Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ashley L. Jones, David E. Jennings, Cerruti R. R. Hooks, Paula M. Shrewsbury
    Abstract:

    The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is an invasive species native to regions of China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. In its native and introduced range, H. halys is considered a pest of tree fruits, vegetables, legumes, and ornamental trees. The highly polyphagous nature of this insect as well as its vast dispersal capabilities, require an integrated approach to management. Here we focus on the potential impact of indigenous natural enemies on H. halys in woody ornamental nurseries in Maryland, USA. We sampled naturally field laid H. halys Egg masses for mortality and parasitism rates in 2012 and 2013. Overall, Egg mortality averaged 54% for both years, and increased within season and between years. The largest source of mortality was from Egg Parasitoids with mean parasitism rates of 30.73 and 39.63% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Mortality from predation was much lower and averaged 4.61% by chewing and 2.53% by sucking predators. We found seven species of Hymenopteran Egg Parasitoids attacking H. halys Eggs, with Anastatus reduvii being the dominant species comprising 61.17 and 79.12% of all Parasitoids in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The observed increase in parasitism over time and female biased sex ratio of Parasitoids suggests that native Parasitoids may be responding to the novel host, H. halys . Consequently, the use of these native eupelmid Egg Parasitoids in augmentative or conservation biological control may be a viable H . halys management strategy in ornamental nurseries.

Eric Conti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Native Egg Parasitoids recorded from the invasive Halyomorpha halys successfully exploit volatiles emitted by the plant–herbivore complex
    Journal of Pest Science, 2017
    Co-Authors: Gabriele Rondoni, Ezio Peri, Lara Maistrello, Valeria Bertoldi, Robert Malek, Maria Cristina Foti, Tim Haye, Eric Conti
    Abstract:

    When an accidentally introduced pest establishes in the invaded area, native natural enemies may adapt to the new host. A decade after the accidental introduction of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, in Europe, two generalist native Egg Parasitoids, the eupelmid Anastatus bifasciatus and the encyrtid Ooencyrtus telenomicida, have been recorded from this invasive agricultural pest in the field. Both species are able to complete development to the adult stage within the new host. Trissolcus basalis (Platygastridae = Scelionidae), which is not associated with H. halys in the field, was reared from freeze-killed sentinel Eggs placed on soybean plants in central Italy. We tested in a Y-tube olfactometer the behavioural responses of these Egg Parasitoids to volatiles from H. halys adults and from Vicia faba plants attacked by H. halys. Both A. bifasciatus and O. telenomicida positively responded to adult H. halys male volatiles and to H. halys-induced plant volatiles, indicating ability to exploit cues associated with the new host for Egg location, whereas T. basalis only reacted to female volatiles. A. bifasciatus and O. telenomicida are generalist Egg Parasitoids, showing a much wider host range when compared to T. basalis. On the other hand, platygastrid Egg Parasitoids from the native area of H. halys, considered for classical biological control, may be too risky due to the possibility of attacking non-target species, including predaceous stink bugs. Therefore, indigenous A. bifasciatus and O. telenomicida are presently under evaluation for augmentative biological control of H. halys in Europe.

  • host chemical footprints induce host sex discrimination ability in Egg Parasitoids
    PLOS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ezio Peri, Eric Conti, Gianandrea Salerno, Francesca Frati, Stefano Colazza
    Abstract:

    Trissolcus Egg Parasitoids, when perceiving the chemical footprints left on a substrate by pentatomid host bugs, adopt a motivated searching behaviour characterized by longer searching time on patches were signals are present. Once in contact with host chemical footprints, Trissolcus wasps search longer on traces left by associated hosts rather than non-associated species, and, in the former case, they search longer on traces left by females than males. Based on these evidences, we hypothesized that only associated hosts induce the ability to discriminate host sex in wasps. To test this hypothesis we investigated the ability of Trissolcus basalis, T. brochymenae, and Trissolcus sp. to distinguish female from male Nezara viridula, Murgantia histrionica, and Graphosoma semipunctatum footprints. These three pentatomid bugs were selected according to variable association levels. Bioassays were conducted on filter paper sheets, and on Brassica oleracea (broccoli) leaves. The results confirmed our hypothesis showing that wasps spent significantly more time on female rather than male traces left by associated hosts on both substrates. No differences were observed in the presence of traces left by non-associated hosts. The ecological consequences for parasitoid host location behaviour are discussed.

  • Chemical Ecology of Egg Parasitoids Associated with True Bugs
    Psyche: A Journal of Entomology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Eric Conti, Stefano Colazza
    Abstract:

    Parasitoids representing some 15 families of Hymenoptera develop in insect Eggs; three of these families, Platygastridae (= Scelionidae), Mymaridae, and Encyrtidae, are associated with Heteroptera. Several species of heteropteran Egg Parasitoids are or may be important for biological pest control. Successful parasitism of insect herbivores by insect Parasitoids arises through several phases of host searching, which lead female wasps to the vicinity of, or in contact with, their hosts. During the host location process, females encounter and explore a variety of stimuli, among which chemical cues (i.e., semiochemicals or infochemicals) play a pivotal role. Female Parasitoids are under selection pressure to efficiently invest their limited time on the location and exploitation of host-derived stimuli. In general, the levels of reliability and detectability of a particular stimulus are inversely correlated. Female parasitic wasps adopt differing strategies to solve this dilemma. In this paper we focus on the various host selection strategies employed by heteropteran Egg Parasitoids and possible means whereby the chemically mediated behavior of these wasps may be exploited to enhance biological pest control.

  • host searching by Egg Parasitoids exploitation of host chemical cues
    2009
    Co-Authors: Stefano Colazza, Ezio Peri, Gianandrea Salerno, Eric Conti
    Abstract:

    Insect Parasitoids are considered “keystone species” in many ecosystems in terms of biodiversity, ecological impact and economic importance (Vinson 1985, LaSalle and Gauld 1993, Hawkins et al. 1999). In the last decades, several reviews have been published on the relationships among plants, hosts and Parasitoids, which reflect a strong interest in these insects both as models for behavioral ecologists and as important organisms for classical and applied biological control programs (Hawkins et al. 1999, Vet 1999, Bale et al. 2008). The majority of these studies have considered the larval parasitoid s, besides the extensive use of Egg Parasitoids in biological control (Hawkins et al. 1999). Insect Eggs can be parasitized by about 15 families of Hymenoptera Parasitoids, among which several may have potential for biological control application, such as Aphelinidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eupelmidae, Mymaridae, Platygastridae, Pteromalidae, Scelionidae, Tetracampidae and Trichogrammatidae (Bin 1994). Three families, Mymaridae, Scelionidae and Trichogrammatidae are exclusively composed of Egg Parasitoids, whereas the other families are represented by species developing in different host stages, and they also include Egg-larval Parasitoids, Egg-prepupal Parasitoids and Egg predators (Bin 1994, Vinson 1994). In this chapter we will focus only on Egg Parasitoids. Successful parasitism of herbivores by insect Parasitoids arises through several phases during host searching , which lead wasp females into the close vicinity/contact of their hosts (Vinson 1998). During the host location process, females encounter and explore a great variety of stimuli, among which the chemical cues , named semiochemicals or infochemicals , play a relevant role (Godfray 1994, Vet and Dicke 1992, Vinson 1998). Female Parasitoids are under selection pressure to efficiently invest their limited time on the location and exploitation of host derived stimuli, so that the appropriateness and usability of semiochemicals could be influenced by their reliability in indicating host presence and by the degree to which stimuli can be detected, as explained by the reliability-detectability theory (Vet and Dicke 1992). In developing this theory, it was argued that the level of reliability and detectability of a particular stimulus is inversely correlated, e.g. cues from the hosts may be highly reliable, but are less detectable compared to volatiles from plants, which have a much larger biomass. To get through the reliability-detectability dilemma, wasp females can adopt three different strategies based on the exploitation of either: (1) cues originated from stages different from the one attacked (infochemical detour); (2) cues originated from the interaction of the plant and the herbivore (host-induced synomones); or (3) reliable but poorly detectable cues which were linked, through associative learning, with more detectable but unreliable cues (Vet and Dicke 1992).

Tara D Gariepy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • can native Egg Parasitoids adopt the invasive brown marmorated stink bug halyomorpha halys heteroptera pentatomidae in europe
    Journal of Pest Science, 2015
    Co-Authors: Tim Haye, S Fischer, Jinping Zhang, Tara D Gariepy
    Abstract:

    Halyomorpha halys was accidentally introduced into Switzerland around 2004 and has recently spread to several additional areas in Europe, with established populations documented in France, Italy, Greece and Hungary. To test whether generalist Egg Parasitoids of European Pentatomidae have the potential to control H. halys, and whether these could be as effective as their related Asian species, sentinel Egg masses of H. halys and six native European pentatomids were exposed in two regions of Switzerland. Freeze-killed sentinel Egg masses of H. halys were attacked by the platygastrid Trissolcus cultratus and the eupelmid Anastatus bifasciatus, whereas fresh Egg masses of native Pentatomidae occassionally yielded four Scelionidae species: Trissolcus semistriatus, T. scutellaris, T. cultratus and Telenomus chloropus. In no-choice tests, T. chloropus and T. semistratus produced no offspring from fresh H. halys Eggs, whereas T. cultratus and T. scutellaris were sporadically able to complete development. Stopping embryogenesis by freezing Egg masses of H. halys at -80 °C enabled T. cultratus and T. semistriatus to produce a high number of offspring without influencing the behaviour of the Parasitoids. In contrast to European platygastrids, the Asian Parasitoids Trissolcus japonicus and T. cultratus (Chinese strain) caused significantly higher parasitism of fresh H. halys Eggs. Differences in developmental success may be related to less efficient venom of European scelionids injected during oviposition. To date, A. bifasciatus is the only potential candidate for augmentaive biological control of H. halys in Europe as it was the only European parasitoid capable of consistent, successful development on fresh H. halys Eggs.