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Nur Azura Adam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship between bagworm pteroma pendula joannis lepidoptera psychidae populations Parasitoids and weather parameters in oil palm plantation
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Nor Ahya Mahadi, R Muhamad, Nur Azura AdamAbstract:A study on interactions between bagworm Pteroma pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) populations with Parasitoids and weather conditions was carried out at a smallholder oil palm plantation in Hutan Melintang, Perak, Malaysia from January 2011 until December 2011. Samplaing was performed monthly and Parasitoids emergence were observed daily. The findings showed that eleven Parasitoid species were identified parasitizing the bagworms. The top three Parasitoids were Goryphus bunoh (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Eupelmus catoxanthae (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Bagworms and Parasitoids populations were not correlated with weather parameters. The Parasitoid populations in this study were relatively low. However, Parasitoids were dependent on the bagworms and their populations could have be adversely affected by other factors. The parasitism potential in controlling bagworms need to be investigated further in order to establish their use as biocontrol agents.
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relationship between bagworm pteroma pendula joannis lepidoptera psychidae populations Parasitoids and weather parameters in oil palm plantation
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Nor Ahya Mahadi, R Muhamad, Nur Azura AdamAbstract:A study on interactions between bagworm Pteroma pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) populations with Parasitoids and weather conditions was carried out at a smallholder oil palm plantation in Hutan Melintang, Perak, Malaysia from January 2011 until December 2011. Samplaing was performed monthly and Parasitoids emergence were observed daily. The findings showed that eleven Parasitoid species were identified parasitizing the bagworms. The top three Parasitoids were Goryphus bunoh (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Eupelmus catoxanthae (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Bagworms and Parasitoids populations were not correlated with weather parameters. The Parasitoid populations in this study were relatively low. However, Parasitoids were dependent on the bagworms and their populations could have be adversely affected by other factors. The parasitism potential in controlling bagworms need to be investigated further in order to establish their use as biocontrol agents.
Nor Ahya Mahadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship between bagworm pteroma pendula joannis lepidoptera psychidae populations Parasitoids and weather parameters in oil palm plantation
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Nor Ahya Mahadi, R Muhamad, Nur Azura AdamAbstract:A study on interactions between bagworm Pteroma pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) populations with Parasitoids and weather conditions was carried out at a smallholder oil palm plantation in Hutan Melintang, Perak, Malaysia from January 2011 until December 2011. Samplaing was performed monthly and Parasitoids emergence were observed daily. The findings showed that eleven Parasitoid species were identified parasitizing the bagworms. The top three Parasitoids were Goryphus bunoh (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Eupelmus catoxanthae (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Bagworms and Parasitoids populations were not correlated with weather parameters. The Parasitoid populations in this study were relatively low. However, Parasitoids were dependent on the bagworms and their populations could have be adversely affected by other factors. The parasitism potential in controlling bagworms need to be investigated further in order to establish their use as biocontrol agents.
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relationship between bagworm pteroma pendula joannis lepidoptera psychidae populations Parasitoids and weather parameters in oil palm plantation
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Nor Ahya Mahadi, R Muhamad, Nur Azura AdamAbstract:A study on interactions between bagworm Pteroma pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) populations with Parasitoids and weather conditions was carried out at a smallholder oil palm plantation in Hutan Melintang, Perak, Malaysia from January 2011 until December 2011. Samplaing was performed monthly and Parasitoids emergence were observed daily. The findings showed that eleven Parasitoid species were identified parasitizing the bagworms. The top three Parasitoids were Goryphus bunoh (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Eupelmus catoxanthae (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Bagworms and Parasitoids populations were not correlated with weather parameters. The Parasitoid populations in this study were relatively low. However, Parasitoids were dependent on the bagworms and their populations could have be adversely affected by other factors. The parasitism potential in controlling bagworms need to be investigated further in order to establish their use as biocontrol agents.
R Muhamad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationship between bagworm pteroma pendula joannis lepidoptera psychidae populations Parasitoids and weather parameters in oil palm plantation
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Nor Ahya Mahadi, R Muhamad, Nur Azura AdamAbstract:A study on interactions between bagworm Pteroma pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) populations with Parasitoids and weather conditions was carried out at a smallholder oil palm plantation in Hutan Melintang, Perak, Malaysia from January 2011 until December 2011. Samplaing was performed monthly and Parasitoids emergence were observed daily. The findings showed that eleven Parasitoid species were identified parasitizing the bagworms. The top three Parasitoids were Goryphus bunoh (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Eupelmus catoxanthae (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Bagworms and Parasitoids populations were not correlated with weather parameters. The Parasitoid populations in this study were relatively low. However, Parasitoids were dependent on the bagworms and their populations could have be adversely affected by other factors. The parasitism potential in controlling bagworms need to be investigated further in order to establish their use as biocontrol agents.
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relationship between bagworm pteroma pendula joannis lepidoptera psychidae populations Parasitoids and weather parameters in oil palm plantation
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2012Co-Authors: Nor Ahya Mahadi, R Muhamad, Nur Azura AdamAbstract:A study on interactions between bagworm Pteroma pendula Joannis (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) populations with Parasitoids and weather conditions was carried out at a smallholder oil palm plantation in Hutan Melintang, Perak, Malaysia from January 2011 until December 2011. Samplaing was performed monthly and Parasitoids emergence were observed daily. The findings showed that eleven Parasitoid species were identified parasitizing the bagworms. The top three Parasitoids were Goryphus bunoh (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Eupelmus catoxanthae (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), and Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Bagworms and Parasitoids populations were not correlated with weather parameters. The Parasitoid populations in this study were relatively low. However, Parasitoids were dependent on the bagworms and their populations could have be adversely affected by other factors. The parasitism potential in controlling bagworms need to be investigated further in order to establish their use as biocontrol agents.
Christoph Vorburger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prior adaptation of Parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont protected pests
Evolutionary Applications, 2020Co-Authors: Christoph Vorburger, Silvan RossbacherAbstract:There is increasing demand for sustainable pest management to reduce harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and human health. For pest aphids, biological control with Parasitoid wasps provides a welcome alternative, particularly in greenhouses. However, aphids are frequently infected with the heritable bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa, which increases resistance to Parasitoids and thereby hampers biological control. Using the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) and its main Parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum, we tested whether prior adaptation of Parasitoids can improve the control of symbiont-protected pests. We had Parasitoid lines adapted to two different strains of H. defensa by experimental evolution, as well as Parasitoids evolved on H. defensa-free aphids. We compared their ability to control caged aphid populations comprising 60% unprotected and 40% H. defensa-protected aphids, with both H. defensa strains present in the populations. Parasitoids that were not adapted to H. defensa had virtually no effect on aphid population dynamics compared to Parasitoid-free controls, but one of the adapted lines and a mixture of both adapted lines controlled aphids successfully, strongly benefitting plant growth. Selection by Parasitoids altered aphid population composition in a very specific manner. Aphid populations became dominated by H. defensa-protected aphids in the presence of Parasitoids, and each adapted Parasitoid line selected for the H. defensa strain it was not adapted to. This study shows, for the first time, that prior adaptation of Parasitoids improves biological control of symbiont-protected pests, but the high specificity of Parasitoid counter-resistance may represent a challenge for its implementation.
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host genotype affects the relative success of competing lines of aphid Parasitoids under superparasitism
Ecological Entomology, 2010Co-Authors: Christoph Vorburger, Bettina Eugster, Jorg Villiger, Corinne WimmerAbstract:1. In solitary Parasitoids, only one individual can complete development in a given host. Therefore, solitary Parasitoids tend to prefer unparasitised hosts for oviposition, yet under high Parasitoid densities, superparasitism is frequent and results in fierce competition for the host's limited resources. This may lead to selection for the best intra-host competitors. 2. Increased intra-host competitive ability may evolve under a high risk of superparasitism if this trait exhibits genetic variation, and if competitive differences among Parasitoid genotypes are consistent across environments, e.g. different host genotypes. 3. These assumptions were addressed in the aphid Parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and its main host, the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scopoli) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Three parthenogenetic lines of L. fabarum were allowed to parasitise three aphid clones singly and in all pairwise combinations (superparasitism). The winning Parasitoid in superparasitised aphids was determined by microsatellite analysis. 4. The proportions of singly parasitised aphids that were mummified were similar for the three Parasitoid lines and did not differ significantly among host clones. 5. Under superparasitism, significant biases in favour of one Parasitoid line were observed for some combinations, indicating that there is genetic variation for intra-host competitive ability. However, the outcome of superparasitism was inconsistent across aphid clones and thus influenced significantly by the host clone in which Parasitoids competed. 6. Overall, this study shows that the fitness of aphid Parasitoids under superparasitism is determined by complex interactions with competitors as well as hosts, possibly hampering the evolution of improved intra-host competitive ability.
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Genotypic Variation and the Role of Defensive Endosymbionts in an All-Parthenogenetic Host-Parasitoid Interaction
Evolution, 2009Co-Authors: Christoph Vorburger, Christoph Sandrock, Luis E. Castañeda, Alexandre Gouskov, Julia FerrariAbstract:Models of host–parasite coevolution predict pronounced genetic dynamics if resistance and infectivity are genotype-specific or associated with costs, and if selection is fueled by sufficient genetic variation. We addressed these assumptions in the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, and its Parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum. Parasitoid genotypes differed in infectivity and host clones exhibited huge variation for susceptibility. This variation occurred at two levels. Clones harboring Hamiltonella defensa, a bacterial endosymbiont known to protect pea aphids against Parasitoids, enjoyed greatly reduced susceptibility, yet clones without H. defensa also exhibited significant variation. Although there was no evidence for genotype-specificity in the H. defensa-free clones’ interaction with Parasitoids, we found such evidence in clones containing the bacterium. This suggests that Parasitoid genotypes differ in their ability to overcome H. defensa, resulting in an apparent host × Parasitoid genotype interaction that may in fact be due to an underlying symbiont × Parasitoid genotype interaction. Aphid susceptibility to Parasitoids correlated negatively with fecundity and rate of increase, due to H. defensa-bearing clones being more fecund on average. Hence, possessing symbionts may also be favorable in the absence of Parasitoids, which raises the question why H. defensa does not go to fixation and highlights the need to develop new models to understand the dynamics of endosymbiont-mediated coevolution.
Toshiharu Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intrinsic inter- and intraspecific competition in Parasitoid wasps.
Annual review of entomology, 2012Co-Authors: Jeffrey A. Harvey, Erik H. Poelman, Toshiharu TanakaAbstract:Immature development of Parasitoid wasps is restricted to resources found in a single host that is often similar in size to the adult Parasitoid. When two or more Parasitoids of the same or different species attack the same host, there is competition for monopolization of host resources. The success of intrinsic competition differs between Parasitoids attacking growing hosts and Parasitoids attacking paralyzed hosts. Furthermore, the evolution of gregarious development in Parasitoids reflects differences in various developmental and behavioral traits, as these influence antagonistic encounters among immature Parasitoids. Fitness-related costs (or benefits) of competition for the winning Parasitoid reveal that time lags between successive attacks influence the outcome of competition. Physiological mechanisms used to exclude competitors include physical and biochemical factors that originate with the ovipositing female wasp or her progeny. In a broader multitrophic framework, indirect factors, such as plant quality, may affect Parasitoids through effects on immunity and nutrition.
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comparative biology of six polyphagous solitary pupal endoParasitoids hymenoptera ichneumonidae differential host suitability and sex allocation
Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 1994Co-Authors: Takatoshi Ueno, Toshiharu TanakaAbstract:The reproductive biology of several coexisting polyphagous Parasitoids was compared in order to understand the interactions among them in nature. Developmental period, longevity, number of ovarioles and mature eggs per female, emergence rate, and sex ratio were examined as an index of reproductive characters in six pimpline ichneumonid Parasitoids, Pimpla nipponica Uchida, P. alboannulata Uchida, P. luctuosa Smith, P. pluto Ashmead, Itoplectis naranyae Ashmead, and I. alternans spectabilis Matsumura. Galleria mellonella (L.), Mamestra brassicae L., and Plodia interpunctella Hubner (Lepidoptera) were used as hosts. Developmental period and longevity of males were significantly shorter than those of females in all the Parasitoid species. Both average numbers of ovarioles and mature eggs per female were relatively few in all the Parasitoid species. Host acceptance, emergence rate, and sex ratio of Parasitoids varied markedly, depending either on the Parasitoid species or on the host species. Our results suggest that host utilization differs among the six Parasitoid species.