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Nicolas Desneux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of Trichogramma parasitoid age on the outcome of multiparasitism in the factitious host eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: Asim Iqbal, Yang-yang Hou, Yong-ming Chen, Asad Ali, Lucie S. Monticelli, Nicolas Desneux, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:The age of Trichogramma parasitoids could influence biological traits which are of great importance for effectiveness of mass rearing systems. Recent studies demonstrated that Trichogramma ostriniae (TO) could parasitize Antheraea pernyi eggs through multiparasitism along with other Trichogramma species, although few adults could emerge successfully. It is important to characterize the factors modulating the performance of TO on A. pernyi eggs, notably in order to try enhancing its quantitative emergence through multiparasitism for further use in biological control. In this context, irrespective of host age, we tested different ages of TO females (from 0.5-day- to 6-day-old postemergence) in multiparasitism with Trichogramma chilonis (TC) on A. pernyi eggs. The results of the present study confirmed that TO parasitism on A. pernyi eggs was largely age dependent. Higher percentage of multiparasitism and higher number of emerged TO adults were recorded in the treatment where 3-day-old TO females were used for parasitization with TC on A. pernyi host. In addition, we also tested different female ratios of both Trichogramma species to find out an optimal ratio for use in mass production. The highest percentage of multiparasitism, emergence and optimum emerged number of TO (per A. pernyi egg) was observed with the ratio 3:2 (TO:TC) per 1 host egg. This study demonstrated that the age of TO females can significantly affect their performance in multiparasitism of large A. pernyi eggs. These results prompt for more research in order to develop an effective multiparasitism-based production of TO at the industrial scale.
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Factitious host species impact on the outcome of multiparasitism between egg parasitoids
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Asim Iqbal, Yang-yang Hou, Yong-ming Chen, Nicolas Desneux, Lisheng Zhang, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:Trichogramma parasitoids are biological control agents of a large number of lepidopterous pests. Mass production of these Trichogramma parasitoids is carried out on different factitious host eggs where the cost for mass rearing is high and the production efficiency is low. Therefore, efficient means and techniques for mass production of these parasitoids are needed. Host eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, not only proved effective for the mass production of a single Trichogramma species but also showed great potential for simultaneously producing two different Trichogramma species through multiparasitism. Here, we evaluated the outcomes of multiparasitism between Trichogramma chilonis and T. leucaniae reared on the eggs of two factitious hosts, Antheraea pernyi and Corcyra cephalonica. Our study indicated that parental wasps of both Trichogramma species reared on A. pernyi performed outstandingly in all aspects of multiparasitism on A. pernyi eggs. In contrast, significantly low parasitism rates for parental wasps reared on C. cephalonica and subsequently low emergence rates for their offspring were recorded for multiparasitism on A. pernyi eggs. Parental wasps reared on different host eggs significantly affected the emerged offspring numbers for both Trichogramma species per A. pernyi egg. Significantly high numbers of offspring for specific species of Trichogramma emerged per A. pernyi egg when the parental wasps of that species were reared on A. pernyi eggs compared to the other species reared on C. cephalonica eggs. The present study concluded that rearing host species had a great impact on the performance of parental wasps in the multiparasitism of Trichogramma parasitoids on A. pernyi eggs and clearly confirmed that T. chilonis and T. leucaniae parasitoids can be massively produced on A. pernyi eggs through multiparasitism. Our results provide useful information about rearing hosts, which could provide two different Trichogramma species in the field at a time for the suppression of pest populations.
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parasitism and suitability of fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis lepidoptera crambidae for Trichogramma parasitoids
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Xu Yang, Nicolas Desneux, Ying Lin, Changchun Ruan, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:Trichogramma spp. are egg parasitoids largely used worldwide for biological control of lepidopteran pests. Host quality (related to host size and age, host species, etc.) can influence parasitism preference and fitness of the parasitoid offspring. However, few studies have documented the performance of Trichogramma parasitoids when they parasitize nonfertilized eggs of their lepidopteran hosts. In the present study, we investigated the performance of three indigenous Trichogramma species ( Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) on fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of their native host, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The results showed that the three Trichogramma species tested could recognize fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of C. suppressalis . The different fertilization status eggs of C. suppressalis were all accepted by T. japonicum , T. chilonis , and T. dendrolimi with a clear tendency that they preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs whether under no-choice or choice conditions. All Trichogramma species successfully completed development in parasitized eggs of C. suppressalis regardless if the host eggs were fertilized or not. There was similar adult emergence rate, development time, and female progeny between fertilized and nonfertilized eggs for all Trichogramma species with an exception of development for T. chilonis . Trichogramma chilonis had shorter developmental time in fertilized eggs than in nonfertilized ones. Whether in fertilized or nonfertilized eggs, T. dendrolimi had longer development time than other two Trichogramma species. However, T. dendrolimi had the largest percentage of female progeny on fertilized eggs, followed by T. japonicum , and T. chilonis had the least percentage of female progeny. The present study indicates that Trichogramma parasitoids (i) can distinguish fertilized vs. nonfertilized host eggs, and (ii) could use nonfertilized host eggs for successful offspring development (despite showing lower preference for such eggs) [corrected].
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parasitism and suitability of fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis lepidoptera crambidae for Trichogramma parasitoids
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Xu Yang, Nicolas Desneux, Changchun Ruan, Yuli Qu, Zhiyi Wu, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:Parasitoids can utilize the nutrition of host eggs to culture their own offsprings. Host qualities, including size, age, and species, influence parasitism preference and fitness of the parasitoid offsprings. However, an interesting question here is whether the parasitoids have the ability of recognizing fertilized and nonfertilized host eggs. In this study, we investigated the performance of three indigenous Trichogramma species ( Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) on fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of their native host, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The results showed that the three Trichogramma species tested could recognize fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of C. suppressalis . The different fertilization status eggs of C. suppressalis were all accepted by T. japonicum , T. chilonis , and T. dendrolimi with a clear tendency that they preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs whether under no-choice or choice conditions. All Trichogramma species successfully completed development in parasitized eggs of C. suppressalis regardless if the host eggs were fertilized or not. There was similar adult emergence rate, development time, and female progeny between fertilized and nonfertilized eggs for all Trichogramma species with an exception of development for T. chilonis . Trichogramma chilonis had shorter developmental time in fertilized eggs than in nonfertilized ones. Whether in fertilized or nonfertilized eggs, T. dendrolimi had longer development time than other two Trichogramma species. However, T. dendrolimi had the largest percentage of female progeny on fertilized eggs, followed by T. japonicum , and T. chilonis had the least percentage of female progeny. The present study indicates that Trichogramma can recognize fertilized and nonfertilized host eggs and use the nonfertilized eggs to finish offspring development.
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suitability of the pest plant system tuta absoluta lepidoptera gelechiidae tomato for Trichogramma hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae parasitoids and insights for biological control
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Elisabeth Tabone, Antonio Biondi, Peng Han, Nicolas DesneuxAbstract:The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest that has recently invaded Afro-Eurasia. Biological control, especially by Trichogramma parasitoids, is considered to be promising as a management tool for this pest. However, further development of Trichogramma-based biocontrol strategies would benefit from assessing the impact of released parasitoid offspring on the pest. Under laboratory conditions, we 1) compared the parasitism of five Trichogramma species-strains on the pest-plant system T. absoluta-tomato, and 2) assessed various biological traits of parasitoids, mass-reared on a factitious host (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller), when developing on T. absoluta. In addition, we evaluated the overall efficiency of two specific Trichogramma species when released under greenhouse conditions in combination with a common natural enemy in tomato crop, the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur. Parasitoids emerging from T. absoluta on tomato showed lower parasitism rates and poor biological traits, for example, wing deformations, reduced longevity, when compared with the control reared on the factitious host. Under greenhouse conditions, the parasitoids that developed on T. absoluta after initial releases contributed little to biological control of T. absoluta, and parasitism tended to be lower when the predator was present. However, a slightly higher T. absoluta control level was achieved by combining the predator and release of the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti. This study shows that Trichogramma parasitoids may not build up populations on the T. absoluta-tomato system, but that Trichogramma parasitoids can be used in combination with M. pygmaeus to enhance biological control of the pest in tomato crops.
Elisabeth Tabone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An oophagous parasitoid widely used in biocontrol: the Trichogramma. Successes and failures
2019Co-Authors: Elisabeth TaboneAbstract:Les trichogrammes, Trichogramma sp., sont des insectes minuscules de l'ordre des Hyménoptères (Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae) dont il existe 200 espèces connues à ce jour dans le monde et environ une quarantaine en Europe. L'identification des espèces se fait par deux critères morphologiques : les antennes et les genitalia des individus mâles. Différentes techniques moléculaires existent également (comparaison des isoenzymes, technique RAPD, technique RFLP, utilisation des microsatellites). Ce sont des parasitoïdes d’œufs de différents ordres d'insectes (coléoptères, diptères, hémiptères, ..) et majoritairement de lépidoptères. La femelle trichogramme pond un à plusieurs œufs dans l'oeuf-hôte selon la taille de ce dernier. Elle se déplace suivant un géotropisme négatif et un phototropisme positif. Elle est également guidée par les kairomones émises par l'hôte, par les odeurs émises par la plante ainsi que par la taille, la couleur et la forme de l'oeuf-hôte. Pour l'espèce Trichogramma brassicae, la fécondité est de 50 à 100 œufs pondus par femelle. La durée de vie de cet insecte dépend de la température et de l'humidité. A 25°C, 75% d'humidité relative, le trichogramme émerge de son hôte en 9 à 10 jours selon les espèces. Pour remplacer les produits phytopharmaceutiques de synthèse en protection des plantes, une des possibilités est d'utiliser des macro et micro organismes prédateurs ou parasites. Les trichogrammes sont naturellement présents dans les milieux naturels et cultivés mais leur impact sur les populations de ravageurs n'est pas suffisant pour les contrôler. Ils doivent donc être élevés en masse et relâchés au bon endroit et au bon moment pour être efficaces en tant qu'agents de lutte biologique. Pour faciliter l'élevage, un hôte de substitution commun à toutes les espèces de trichogrammes a été trouvé. Il s'agit d'un lépidoptère de la famille des pyralidae: Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, la pyrale de la farine. Trois stratégies de lutte à l'aide de trichogrammes sont possibles: l'acclimatation d'une espèce exotique pour établir un équilibre permanent entre le ravageur et son parasite, les lâchers inoculatifs pour maintenir la population du ravageur à un niveau suffisamment bas pendant toute la durée de la culture et les lâchers inondatifs pour diminuer en peu de temps la population du ravageur. L'avantage de cet insecte est qu'il tue son hôte avant l'apparition des dégâts sur la plante. L'utilisation des trichogrammes comme agent de lutte biologique pour protéger une culture demande plusieurs étapes qui se déroulent en laboratoire puis en plein champ. Il s'agit tout d'abord de choisir l'espèce la plus efficace contre le ravageur visé puis d'établir une stratégie de lâcher (quantité à lâcher, fréquence et période des lâchers, ..). Enfin une attention toute particulière doit être portée aux effets indésirables sur des organismes non cibles. Les trichogrammes ont été utilisés pour lutter contre les ravageurs du maïs, de la canne à sucre, de la tomate, du chou, du géranium avec plus ou moins de succès. Des projets sont également en cours pour protéger les buis et les palmiers. Pour chaque projet sont décrits les réussites, les difficultés rencontrées qui ont conduit à des échecs.
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suitability of the pest plant system tuta absoluta lepidoptera gelechiidae tomato for Trichogramma hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae parasitoids and insights for biological control
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Elisabeth Tabone, Antonio Biondi, Peng Han, Nicolas DesneuxAbstract:The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest that has recently invaded Afro-Eurasia. Biological control, especially by Trichogramma parasitoids, is considered to be promising as a management tool for this pest. However, further development of Trichogramma-based biocontrol strategies would benefit from assessing the impact of released parasitoid offspring on the pest. Under laboratory conditions, we 1) compared the parasitism of five Trichogramma species-strains on the pest-plant system T. absoluta-tomato, and 2) assessed various biological traits of parasitoids, mass-reared on a factitious host (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller), when developing on T. absoluta. In addition, we evaluated the overall efficiency of two specific Trichogramma species when released under greenhouse conditions in combination with a common natural enemy in tomato crop, the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur. Parasitoids emerging from T. absoluta on tomato showed lower parasitism rates and poor biological traits, for example, wing deformations, reduced longevity, when compared with the control reared on the factitious host. Under greenhouse conditions, the parasitoids that developed on T. absoluta after initial releases contributed little to biological control of T. absoluta, and parasitism tended to be lower when the predator was present. However, a slightly higher T. absoluta control level was achieved by combining the predator and release of the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti. This study shows that Trichogramma parasitoids may not build up populations on the T. absoluta-tomato system, but that Trichogramma parasitoids can be used in combination with M. pygmaeus to enhance biological control of the pest in tomato crops.
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suitability of the pest plant system tuta absoluta lepidoptera gelechiidae tomato for Trichogramma hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae parasitoids and insights for biological control
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Elisabeth Tabone, Antonio Biondi, Nicolas DesneuxAbstract:The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechii- dae), is a major pest that has recently invaded Afro-Eurasia. Biological control, especially by Tricho- gramma parasitoids, is considered to be promising as a management tool for this pest. However, further development of Trichogramma-based biocontrol strategies would beneÞt from assessing the impact of released parasitoid offspring on the pest. Under laboratory conditions, we 1) compared the parasitism of Þve Trichogramma species-strains on the pestÐplant system T. absolutaÐtomato, and 2) assessed various biological traits of parasitoids, mass-reared on a factitious host (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller), when developing on T. absoluta. In addition, we evaluated the overall efÞciency of two speciÞc Trichogramma species when released under greenhouse conditions in combination with a common natural enemy in tomato crop, the predatorMacrolophuspygmaeus Rambur. Parasitoids emerging from T. absoluta on tomato showed lower parasitism rates and poor biological traits, for example, wing deformations, reduced longevity, when compared with the control reared on the factitious host. Under greenhouse conditions, the parasitoids that developed on T. absoluta after initial releases contributed little to biological control of T. absoluta, and parasitism tended to be lower when the predator was present. However, a slightly higher T. absoluta control level was achieved by combining the predator and release of the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti. This study shows that Trichogramma parasitoids may not build up populations on the T. absolutaÐtomato system, but that Trichogramma parasitoids can be used in combination withM. pygmaeus to enhance biological control of the pest in tomato crops.
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assessing european egg parasitoids as a mean of controlling the invasive south american tomato pinworm tuta absoluta
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Nicolas Desneux, Julien Seguret, Hong Do Thi Khanh, Pascal Maignet, Elisabeth TaboneAbstract:The South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta) has recently invaded Europe and is rapidly spreading in the Afro-Eurasian continent where it is becoming a major pest on tomato crops. Laboratory tests were undertaken to evaluate the potential of 29 European strains of Trichogramma parasitoids to control T. absoluta. In addition to the host itself, the host plant (tomato) was used during the laboratory tests in order to increase the chance of selecting the best parasitoid strains. Trichogramma females were placed with T. absoluta eggs on a tomato leaflet in tubes. We compared the parasitism of T. absoluta by the various Trichogramma species tested to the Trichogramma species currently commercially available for the pest control in Europe, i.e. Trichogramma achaeae. Thereafter, the more promising strains were tested on a larger scale, in mesocosm (i.e. cages in greenhouses) and in greenhouse compartments to evaluate efficiency of laboratory selected strains under cropping conditions. The most efficient strain from the laboratory screening trials did not perform as efficiently under the greenhouse conditions. We discuss differences in parasitism levels among species and strains and among the different scales tested in the experiments, as well as implications of these results for further screening for biocontrol agents.
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Assessing European egg parasitoids as a mean of controlling the invasive South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Nicolas Desneux, Julien Seguret, Pascal Maignet, Hong Do Thi Khanh, Elisabeth TaboneAbstract:The South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta) has recently invaded Europe and is rapidly spreading in the Afro-Eurasian continent where it is becoming a major pest on tomato crops. Laboratory tests were undertaken to evaluate the potential of 29 European strains of Trichogramma parasitoids to control T. absoluta. In addition to the host itself, the host plant (tomato) was used during the laboratory tests in order to increase the chance of selecting the best parasitoid strains. Trichogramma females were placed with T. absoluta eggs on a tomato leaflet in tubes. We compared the parasitism of T. absoluta by the various Trichogramma species tested to the Trichogramma species currently commercially available for the pest control in Europe, i.e. Trichogramma achaeae. Thereafter, the more promising strains were tested on a larger scale, in mesocosm (i.e. cages in greenhouses) and in greenhouse compartments to evaluate efficiency of laboratory selected strains under cropping conditions. The most efficient strain from the laboratory screening trials did not perform as efficiently under the greenhouse conditions. We discuss differences in parasitism levels among species and strains and among the different scales tested in the experiments, as well as implications of these results for further screening for biocontrol agents.
Lian-sheng Zang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of Trichogramma parasitoid age on the outcome of multiparasitism in the factitious host eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi
Journal of Pest Science, 2020Co-Authors: Asim Iqbal, Yang-yang Hou, Yong-ming Chen, Asad Ali, Lucie S. Monticelli, Nicolas Desneux, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:The age of Trichogramma parasitoids could influence biological traits which are of great importance for effectiveness of mass rearing systems. Recent studies demonstrated that Trichogramma ostriniae (TO) could parasitize Antheraea pernyi eggs through multiparasitism along with other Trichogramma species, although few adults could emerge successfully. It is important to characterize the factors modulating the performance of TO on A. pernyi eggs, notably in order to try enhancing its quantitative emergence through multiparasitism for further use in biological control. In this context, irrespective of host age, we tested different ages of TO females (from 0.5-day- to 6-day-old postemergence) in multiparasitism with Trichogramma chilonis (TC) on A. pernyi eggs. The results of the present study confirmed that TO parasitism on A. pernyi eggs was largely age dependent. Higher percentage of multiparasitism and higher number of emerged TO adults were recorded in the treatment where 3-day-old TO females were used for parasitization with TC on A. pernyi host. In addition, we also tested different female ratios of both Trichogramma species to find out an optimal ratio for use in mass production. The highest percentage of multiparasitism, emergence and optimum emerged number of TO (per A. pernyi egg) was observed with the ratio 3:2 (TO:TC) per 1 host egg. This study demonstrated that the age of TO females can significantly affect their performance in multiparasitism of large A. pernyi eggs. These results prompt for more research in order to develop an effective multiparasitism-based production of TO at the industrial scale.
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Factitious host species impact on the outcome of multiparasitism between egg parasitoids
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: Asim Iqbal, Yang-yang Hou, Yong-ming Chen, Nicolas Desneux, Lisheng Zhang, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:Trichogramma parasitoids are biological control agents of a large number of lepidopterous pests. Mass production of these Trichogramma parasitoids is carried out on different factitious host eggs where the cost for mass rearing is high and the production efficiency is low. Therefore, efficient means and techniques for mass production of these parasitoids are needed. Host eggs of Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi, not only proved effective for the mass production of a single Trichogramma species but also showed great potential for simultaneously producing two different Trichogramma species through multiparasitism. Here, we evaluated the outcomes of multiparasitism between Trichogramma chilonis and T. leucaniae reared on the eggs of two factitious hosts, Antheraea pernyi and Corcyra cephalonica. Our study indicated that parental wasps of both Trichogramma species reared on A. pernyi performed outstandingly in all aspects of multiparasitism on A. pernyi eggs. In contrast, significantly low parasitism rates for parental wasps reared on C. cephalonica and subsequently low emergence rates for their offspring were recorded for multiparasitism on A. pernyi eggs. Parental wasps reared on different host eggs significantly affected the emerged offspring numbers for both Trichogramma species per A. pernyi egg. Significantly high numbers of offspring for specific species of Trichogramma emerged per A. pernyi egg when the parental wasps of that species were reared on A. pernyi eggs compared to the other species reared on C. cephalonica eggs. The present study concluded that rearing host species had a great impact on the performance of parental wasps in the multiparasitism of Trichogramma parasitoids on A. pernyi eggs and clearly confirmed that T. chilonis and T. leucaniae parasitoids can be massively produced on A. pernyi eggs through multiparasitism. Our results provide useful information about rearing hosts, which could provide two different Trichogramma species in the field at a time for the suppression of pest populations.
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parasitism and suitability of fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis lepidoptera crambidae for Trichogramma parasitoids
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Xu Yang, Nicolas Desneux, Ying Lin, Changchun Ruan, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:Trichogramma spp. are egg parasitoids largely used worldwide for biological control of lepidopteran pests. Host quality (related to host size and age, host species, etc.) can influence parasitism preference and fitness of the parasitoid offspring. However, few studies have documented the performance of Trichogramma parasitoids when they parasitize nonfertilized eggs of their lepidopteran hosts. In the present study, we investigated the performance of three indigenous Trichogramma species ( Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) on fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of their native host, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The results showed that the three Trichogramma species tested could recognize fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of C. suppressalis . The different fertilization status eggs of C. suppressalis were all accepted by T. japonicum , T. chilonis , and T. dendrolimi with a clear tendency that they preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs whether under no-choice or choice conditions. All Trichogramma species successfully completed development in parasitized eggs of C. suppressalis regardless if the host eggs were fertilized or not. There was similar adult emergence rate, development time, and female progeny between fertilized and nonfertilized eggs for all Trichogramma species with an exception of development for T. chilonis . Trichogramma chilonis had shorter developmental time in fertilized eggs than in nonfertilized ones. Whether in fertilized or nonfertilized eggs, T. dendrolimi had longer development time than other two Trichogramma species. However, T. dendrolimi had the largest percentage of female progeny on fertilized eggs, followed by T. japonicum , and T. chilonis had the least percentage of female progeny. The present study indicates that Trichogramma parasitoids (i) can distinguish fertilized vs. nonfertilized host eggs, and (ii) could use nonfertilized host eggs for successful offspring development (despite showing lower preference for such eggs) [corrected].
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parasitism and suitability of fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of the rice striped stem borer chilo suppressalis lepidoptera crambidae for Trichogramma parasitoids
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016Co-Authors: Xu Yang, Nicolas Desneux, Changchun Ruan, Yuli Qu, Zhiyi Wu, Lian-sheng ZangAbstract:Parasitoids can utilize the nutrition of host eggs to culture their own offsprings. Host qualities, including size, age, and species, influence parasitism preference and fitness of the parasitoid offsprings. However, an interesting question here is whether the parasitoids have the ability of recognizing fertilized and nonfertilized host eggs. In this study, we investigated the performance of three indigenous Trichogramma species ( Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead, Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii) on fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of their native host, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). The results showed that the three Trichogramma species tested could recognize fertilized and nonfertilized eggs of C. suppressalis . The different fertilization status eggs of C. suppressalis were all accepted by T. japonicum , T. chilonis , and T. dendrolimi with a clear tendency that they preferred to parasitize fertilized eggs whether under no-choice or choice conditions. All Trichogramma species successfully completed development in parasitized eggs of C. suppressalis regardless if the host eggs were fertilized or not. There was similar adult emergence rate, development time, and female progeny between fertilized and nonfertilized eggs for all Trichogramma species with an exception of development for T. chilonis . Trichogramma chilonis had shorter developmental time in fertilized eggs than in nonfertilized ones. Whether in fertilized or nonfertilized eggs, T. dendrolimi had longer development time than other two Trichogramma species. However, T. dendrolimi had the largest percentage of female progeny on fertilized eggs, followed by T. japonicum , and T. chilonis had the least percentage of female progeny. The present study indicates that Trichogramma can recognize fertilized and nonfertilized host eggs and use the nonfertilized eggs to finish offspring development.
Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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compatibility between entomopathogenic fungi and egg parasitoids Trichogrammatidae a laboratory study for their combined use to control duponchelia fovealis
Insects, 2020Co-Authors: Emily Silva Araujo, Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak, Alex Sandro Poltronieri, Carolina Gracia Poitevin, Jose Manuel Mirasavalos, Ida Chapaval PimentelAbstract:The European pepper moth, Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a key pest in strawberry production. Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and parasitoids of the Trichogrammatidae family are effective biological control agents of this pest with the potential to be used jointly for improved efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of Trichogramma atopovirilia and Trichogramma pretiosum to two Beauveria bassiana strains (B2 and B3) and two commercial bioinsecticides (Bovemax® and Methamax®) by applying them to D. fovealis eggs in pre- and post-parasitism periods. Pre-parasitism application of B2 and B3 did not affect the percentage of D. fovealis eggs parasitized by either Trichogramma species, except in the case of T. atopovirilia when eggs were sprayed with B3 at 1.5 × 105 conidia mL−1 (16.7% less than the control). In contrast, eggs sprayed with 1.5 × 108 conidia mL−1 of the commercial bioinsecticides were not parasitized by any Trichogramma species. Overall, the EF tested reduced the parasitism rate, adult emergence, and longevity of Trichogramma adults by less than 30% in all cases. The adverse effects of the B. bassiana strains and commercial products on the biological traits of both Trichogramma species were minimal, meaning that these agents can be used jointly in D. fovealis control strategies.
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Seletividade de inseticidas reguladores de crescimento e botânico no parasitismo de três espécies de Trichogramma em ovos de Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Entomologistas do Brasil, 2017Co-Authors: Renata Rodrigues, Alex Sandro Poltronieri, Luana Jaras, Ida Pimentel, Maria Aparecida Cassilha ZawadneakAbstract:Resumo. A mariposa Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) é uma espécie exótica que se tornou praga-chave do morangueiro no Brasil, causando severos danos nas folhas e frutos. Dentre os grupos quÃmicos que são promissores para o controle da praga, pela seletividade aos inimigos naturais e menor toxicidade, destacam-se os inseticidas reguladores de crescimento de insetos e os inseticidas botânicos. Assim, visando contribuir com a elaboração de estratégias de manejo da praga, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em laboratório o efeito de cinco inseticidas reguladores de crescimento e um botânico sobre o parasitismo e emergência de três espécies de Trichogramma em ovos de D. fovealis. Os inseticidas testados foram formulados a partir de diflubezuron, lufenuron, pyriproxyfen, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide e azadirachtin. Ovos de D. fovealis foram imersos por cinco segundos em uma das caldas quÃmicas e, após 1 hora, oferecidos ao parasitismo de Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner,or Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner. Foi avaliada a ação dos inseticidas sobre o parasitismo e a emergência da geração F1, sendo os produtos classificados quanto a sua toxicidade conforme Ãndices propostos pela IOBC/WPRS. Os inseticidas afetaram de modo distinto o parasitismo e a emergência dos parasitoides, indicando uma tolerância diferenciada entre as três espécies de Trichogramma. Os inseticidas foram classificados como inócuos ou levemente nocivos para as três espécies avaliadas. Entretanto, lufenuron foi moderadamente nocivo para T. galloi, causando a maior redução no parasitismo deste parasitoide. Selectivity of growth regulators and botanical insecticides in the parasitism of three Trichogramma species on eggs of Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Abstract. Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an exotic moth species which has become a key pest of strawberries in Brazil, causing severe damage in leaves and fruits. Insect growth regulators and botanical insecticides are promising chemical groups to control this pest due to their selectivity to natural enemies and to their lower toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of five insect growth regulators and one botanical insecticide on the parasitism and emergence of three Trichogramma species on eggs of D. fovealis in the laboratory, in order to develop pest management strategies. The insecticides utilized in the tests were formulated from Diflubenzuron, Lufenuron, Pyriproxyfen, Methoxyfenozide, Tebufenozide, and Azadirachtin. D. fovealis eggs were immersed for five seconds in each of the chemical mixtures and after one-hour were offered to Trichogramma galloi Zucchi, Trichogramma exiguum Pinto & Platner,or Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner for parasitism. The insecticides were tested for their action on the parasitism and emergence of the F1 generation; the chemicals were then classified for their toxicity according to indices proposed by IOBC/WPRS. The insecticides affected parasitism and emergence differently, indicating different tolerances among the three Trichogramma species, and were classified as innocuous or slightly harmful to the three species under evaluation. However, lufenuron was moderately harmful to T. galloi and caused the highest reduction in parasitism by the parasitoid
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suitability of the pest plant system tuta absoluta lepidoptera gelechiidae tomato for Trichogramma hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae parasitoids and insights for biological control
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Elisabeth Tabone, Antonio Biondi, Peng Han, Nicolas DesneuxAbstract:The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest that has recently invaded Afro-Eurasia. Biological control, especially by Trichogramma parasitoids, is considered to be promising as a management tool for this pest. However, further development of Trichogramma-based biocontrol strategies would benefit from assessing the impact of released parasitoid offspring on the pest. Under laboratory conditions, we 1) compared the parasitism of five Trichogramma species-strains on the pest-plant system T. absoluta-tomato, and 2) assessed various biological traits of parasitoids, mass-reared on a factitious host (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller), when developing on T. absoluta. In addition, we evaluated the overall efficiency of two specific Trichogramma species when released under greenhouse conditions in combination with a common natural enemy in tomato crop, the predator Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur. Parasitoids emerging from T. absoluta on tomato showed lower parasitism rates and poor biological traits, for example, wing deformations, reduced longevity, when compared with the control reared on the factitious host. Under greenhouse conditions, the parasitoids that developed on T. absoluta after initial releases contributed little to biological control of T. absoluta, and parasitism tended to be lower when the predator was present. However, a slightly higher T. absoluta control level was achieved by combining the predator and release of the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti. This study shows that Trichogramma parasitoids may not build up populations on the T. absoluta-tomato system, but that Trichogramma parasitoids can be used in combination with M. pygmaeus to enhance biological control of the pest in tomato crops.
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suitability of the pest plant system tuta absoluta lepidoptera gelechiidae tomato for Trichogramma hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae parasitoids and insights for biological control
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Elisabeth Tabone, Antonio Biondi, Nicolas DesneuxAbstract:The South American tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechii- dae), is a major pest that has recently invaded Afro-Eurasia. Biological control, especially by Tricho- gramma parasitoids, is considered to be promising as a management tool for this pest. However, further development of Trichogramma-based biocontrol strategies would beneÞt from assessing the impact of released parasitoid offspring on the pest. Under laboratory conditions, we 1) compared the parasitism of Þve Trichogramma species-strains on the pestÐplant system T. absolutaÐtomato, and 2) assessed various biological traits of parasitoids, mass-reared on a factitious host (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller), when developing on T. absoluta. In addition, we evaluated the overall efÞciency of two speciÞc Trichogramma species when released under greenhouse conditions in combination with a common natural enemy in tomato crop, the predatorMacrolophuspygmaeus Rambur. Parasitoids emerging from T. absoluta on tomato showed lower parasitism rates and poor biological traits, for example, wing deformations, reduced longevity, when compared with the control reared on the factitious host. Under greenhouse conditions, the parasitoids that developed on T. absoluta after initial releases contributed little to biological control of T. absoluta, and parasitism tended to be lower when the predator was present. However, a slightly higher T. absoluta control level was achieved by combining the predator and release of the parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti. This study shows that Trichogramma parasitoids may not build up populations on the T. absolutaÐtomato system, but that Trichogramma parasitoids can be used in combination withM. pygmaeus to enhance biological control of the pest in tomato crops.
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assessing european egg parasitoids as a mean of controlling the invasive south american tomato pinworm tuta absoluta
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Nicolas Desneux, Julien Seguret, Hong Do Thi Khanh, Pascal Maignet, Elisabeth TaboneAbstract:The South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta) has recently invaded Europe and is rapidly spreading in the Afro-Eurasian continent where it is becoming a major pest on tomato crops. Laboratory tests were undertaken to evaluate the potential of 29 European strains of Trichogramma parasitoids to control T. absoluta. In addition to the host itself, the host plant (tomato) was used during the laboratory tests in order to increase the chance of selecting the best parasitoid strains. Trichogramma females were placed with T. absoluta eggs on a tomato leaflet in tubes. We compared the parasitism of T. absoluta by the various Trichogramma species tested to the Trichogramma species currently commercially available for the pest control in Europe, i.e. Trichogramma achaeae. Thereafter, the more promising strains were tested on a larger scale, in mesocosm (i.e. cages in greenhouses) and in greenhouse compartments to evaluate efficiency of laboratory selected strains under cropping conditions. The most efficient strain from the laboratory screening trials did not perform as efficiently under the greenhouse conditions. We discuss differences in parasitism levels among species and strains and among the different scales tested in the experiments, as well as implications of these results for further screening for biocontrol agents.
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Assessing European egg parasitoids as a mean of controlling the invasive South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta
PLoS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Anais Chailleux, Nicolas Desneux, Julien Seguret, Pascal Maignet, Hong Do Thi Khanh, Elisabeth TaboneAbstract:The South American tomato pinworm (Tuta absoluta) has recently invaded Europe and is rapidly spreading in the Afro-Eurasian continent where it is becoming a major pest on tomato crops. Laboratory tests were undertaken to evaluate the potential of 29 European strains of Trichogramma parasitoids to control T. absoluta. In addition to the host itself, the host plant (tomato) was used during the laboratory tests in order to increase the chance of selecting the best parasitoid strains. Trichogramma females were placed with T. absoluta eggs on a tomato leaflet in tubes. We compared the parasitism of T. absoluta by the various Trichogramma species tested to the Trichogramma species currently commercially available for the pest control in Europe, i.e. Trichogramma achaeae. Thereafter, the more promising strains were tested on a larger scale, in mesocosm (i.e. cages in greenhouses) and in greenhouse compartments to evaluate efficiency of laboratory selected strains under cropping conditions. The most efficient strain from the laboratory screening trials did not perform as efficiently under the greenhouse conditions. We discuss differences in parasitism levels among species and strains and among the different scales tested in the experiments, as well as implications of these results for further screening for biocontrol agents.
