The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Timothy J. Perfect - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unconscious Plagiarism in Recall: Attribution to the Self, but not for Self-Relevant Reasons
Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Timothy J. Perfect, Louisa Jayne StarkAbstract:Previous research has shown that if people improve other’s ideas, they subsequently unconsciously plagiarise them at a dramatically higher rate than if they imagine them, or simply hear them again. It has been claimed that this occurs because improvement resembles the process of generation, and that these are confused during retrieval. However, an alternate possibility is tested here: plagiarism may increases because improvement increases personal relevance of the ideas. Two studies were conducted in which there was an initial generation Phase, followed by an Elaboration Phase in which participants imagined the previous ideas, improved them for their own use, or improved them for an older adult’s use. One week later, participants attempted to recall their own ideas, and generated new solutions to the previous problems. In both studies, improvement of doubled the rate of subsequent plagiarism in the recall own task, but this effect was not mediated by whether people improved ideas for their own use, of for use by someone else. Improvement had no effect on plagiarism in the generate-new task. These studies therefore rule out personal relevance, or personal semantics as the source of the improvement effect in unconscious plagiarism.
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Why do I always have the best ideas? The role of idea quality in unconscious plagiarism
Memory, 2008Co-Authors: Timothy J. Perfect, Louisa Jayne StarkAbstract:Groups of individuals often work together to generate solutions to a problem. Subsequently, one member of the group can plagiarise another either by recalling that person’s idea as their own (recall-own plagiarism), or by generating a novel solution that duplicates a previous idea (generate-new plagiarism). The current study examines the extent to which these forms of plagiarism are influenced by the quality of the ideas. Groups of participants initially generated ideas, prior to an Elaboration Phase in which idea quality was manipulated in two ways: participants received feedback on the quality of the ideas as rated by independent judges, and they generated improvements to a subset of the ideas. Unconscious plagiarism was measured in recall-own and generate-new tasks. For recall, idea improvement led to increased plagiarism, while for the generate-new task, the independent ratings influenced plagiarism. These data indicate that different source-judgement processes underlie the two forms of plagiarism, neither of which can be reduced simply to memory strength.
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The effects of repeated idea Elaboration on unconscious plagiarism
Memory and Cognition, 2008Co-Authors: Louisa Jayne Stark, Timothy J. PerfectAbstract:Unconscious plagiarism occurs in a recall task when someone presents someone else's idea as his or her own. Recent research has shown that the likelihood of such an error is inflated if the idea is improved during the retention interval, but not if it is imagined. Here, we explore the effects of repeating the Elaboration Phase during the retention interval. Participants in a group first generated alternate uses to common objects before elaborating the ideas either by imagining them or by improving them. This Elaboration Phase occurred once, twice, or not at all. Later, they attempted to recall their original ideas and generate new ideas. Repeated imagery did not inflate unconscious plagiarism on either task. In contrast, repeating the improvement Phase increased plagiarism to dramatically high levels in the recall task. The latter effect might be particularly pertinent to real-world cases of plagiarism in which the ideas under dispute have been the subject of creative development over many occasions.
Louisa Jayne Stark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unconscious Plagiarism in Recall: Attribution to the Self, but not for Self-Relevant Reasons
Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Timothy J. Perfect, Louisa Jayne StarkAbstract:Previous research has shown that if people improve other’s ideas, they subsequently unconsciously plagiarise them at a dramatically higher rate than if they imagine them, or simply hear them again. It has been claimed that this occurs because improvement resembles the process of generation, and that these are confused during retrieval. However, an alternate possibility is tested here: plagiarism may increases because improvement increases personal relevance of the ideas. Two studies were conducted in which there was an initial generation Phase, followed by an Elaboration Phase in which participants imagined the previous ideas, improved them for their own use, or improved them for an older adult’s use. One week later, participants attempted to recall their own ideas, and generated new solutions to the previous problems. In both studies, improvement of doubled the rate of subsequent plagiarism in the recall own task, but this effect was not mediated by whether people improved ideas for their own use, of for use by someone else. Improvement had no effect on plagiarism in the generate-new task. These studies therefore rule out personal relevance, or personal semantics as the source of the improvement effect in unconscious plagiarism.
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Why do I always have the best ideas? The role of idea quality in unconscious plagiarism
Memory, 2008Co-Authors: Timothy J. Perfect, Louisa Jayne StarkAbstract:Groups of individuals often work together to generate solutions to a problem. Subsequently, one member of the group can plagiarise another either by recalling that person’s idea as their own (recall-own plagiarism), or by generating a novel solution that duplicates a previous idea (generate-new plagiarism). The current study examines the extent to which these forms of plagiarism are influenced by the quality of the ideas. Groups of participants initially generated ideas, prior to an Elaboration Phase in which idea quality was manipulated in two ways: participants received feedback on the quality of the ideas as rated by independent judges, and they generated improvements to a subset of the ideas. Unconscious plagiarism was measured in recall-own and generate-new tasks. For recall, idea improvement led to increased plagiarism, while for the generate-new task, the independent ratings influenced plagiarism. These data indicate that different source-judgement processes underlie the two forms of plagiarism, neither of which can be reduced simply to memory strength.
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The effects of repeated idea Elaboration on unconscious plagiarism
Memory and Cognition, 2008Co-Authors: Louisa Jayne Stark, Timothy J. PerfectAbstract:Unconscious plagiarism occurs in a recall task when someone presents someone else's idea as his or her own. Recent research has shown that the likelihood of such an error is inflated if the idea is improved during the retention interval, but not if it is imagined. Here, we explore the effects of repeating the Elaboration Phase during the retention interval. Participants in a group first generated alternate uses to common objects before elaborating the ideas either by imagining them or by improving them. This Elaboration Phase occurred once, twice, or not at all. Later, they attempted to recall their original ideas and generate new ideas. Repeated imagery did not inflate unconscious plagiarism on either task. In contrast, repeating the improvement Phase increased plagiarism to dramatically high levels in the recall task. The latter effect might be particularly pertinent to real-world cases of plagiarism in which the ideas under dispute have been the subject of creative development over many occasions.
Andy Rachman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rancang bangun game adventure gyro berbasis android menggunakan model rational unified process rup
INTEGER: Journal of Information Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Edy Santoso, Sulistyowati Sulistyowati, Andy RachmanAbstract:People nowadays mostly use mobile device for their daily needs such as for playing game , Smartphone with android OS because they can play it any where. The game of A dventure G yro was about the adventure of a child to save animal. The writer intended to make game as entertainment media because this contained message to save animal in our surroundings using rational unified process (RUP) model that consist of some Phases such as; inception, Elaboration, construction, transition. The early design of game was made in first Phase, inception. The further design of game plot was conduction in Elaboration Phase. Then, game was made for sure in construction Phase. The next was transition Phase to test the game. After test conducted, the questionnaire on adventure gyro was given to 30 users who tried this game. From the result, it was found that the usability of this game was 85%, information quality was 79%, and interaction quality was 75%. Therefore, it can be concluded that this game is proper to be used.
Edy Santoso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rancang bangun game adventure gyro berbasis android menggunakan model rational unified process rup
INTEGER: Journal of Information Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Edy Santoso, Sulistyowati Sulistyowati, Andy RachmanAbstract:People nowadays mostly use mobile device for their daily needs such as for playing game , Smartphone with android OS because they can play it any where. The game of A dventure G yro was about the adventure of a child to save animal. The writer intended to make game as entertainment media because this contained message to save animal in our surroundings using rational unified process (RUP) model that consist of some Phases such as; inception, Elaboration, construction, transition. The early design of game was made in first Phase, inception. The further design of game plot was conduction in Elaboration Phase. Then, game was made for sure in construction Phase. The next was transition Phase to test the game. After test conducted, the questionnaire on adventure gyro was given to 30 users who tried this game. From the result, it was found that the usability of this game was 85%, information quality was 79%, and interaction quality was 75%. Therefore, it can be concluded that this game is proper to be used.
Elizabeth A. Kensinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Age-Related Reversals in Neural Recruitment across Memory Retrieval Phases.
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2017Co-Authors: Jaclyn H. Ford, Elizabeth A. KensingerAbstract:Over the last several decades, neuroimaging research has identified age-related neural changes that occur during cognitive tasks. These changes are used to help researchers identify functional changes that contribute to age-related impairments in cognitive performance. One commonly reported example of such a change is an age-related decrease in recruitment of posterior sensory regions coupled with an increased recruitment of prefrontal regions across multiple cognitive tasks. This shift is often described as a compensatory recruitment of prefrontal regions due to age-related sensory processing deficits in posterior regions. However, age is not only associated with spatial shifts in recruitment, but also with temporal shifts, where young and older adults recruit the same neural region at different points in a task trial. The current study examines the possible contribution of temporal modifications in the often-reported posterior-anterior shift. Participants, ages 19-85, took part in a memory retrieval task with a protracted retrieval trial consisting of an initial memory search Phase and a subsequent detail Elaboration Phase. Age-related neural patterns during search replicated prior reports of age-related decreases in posterior recruitment and increases in prefrontal recruitment. However, during the later Elaboration Phase, the same posterior regions were associated with age-related increases in activation. Further, region of interest and functional connectivity results suggest that these posterior regions function similarly during search and Elaboration. These results suggest that the often-reported posterior-anterior shift may not reflect the inability of older adults to engage in sensory processing, but rather a change in when they recruit this processing. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The current study provides evidence that the often-reported posterior-anterior shift in aging may not reflect a global sensory processing deficit, as has often been reported, but rather a temporal modification in this processing, where older adults engage the same neural regions during a detail Elaboration Phase that young adults engage during memory search. In other words, older adults may ultimately be able to engage the same processes as young adults during some cognitive tasks when given the time to do so. Future research should examine the generalizability of this effect as well as the importance of encouraging older adults to engage in these processes through task instruction or questions.
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Effects of Emotion and Emotional Valence on the Neural Correlates of Episodic Memory Search and Elaboration
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2014Co-Authors: Jaclyn Hennessey Ford, John A. Morris, Elizabeth A. KensingerAbstract:Successful retrieval of an event includes an initial search Phase in which the information is accessed and a subsequent Elaboration Phase in which an individual expands on event details. Traditionally, functional neuroimaging studies examining episodic memory retrieval either have not made a distinction between these two Phases or have focused on the initial search process. The current study used an extended retrieval trial to compare the neural correlates of search and Elaboration and to examine the effects of emotion on each Phase. Before scanning, participants encoded positive, negative, and neutral images paired with neutral titles. After a 30-min delay, participants engaged in a scanned recognition task in which they viewed the neutral titles and indicated whether the title had been presented with an image during the study Phase. Retrieval was divided into an initial memory search and a subsequent 5-sec Elaboration Phase. The current study identified neural differences between the search and Elaboration Phases, with search being associated with widespread bilateral activations across the entire cortex and Elaboration primarily being associated with increased activity in the medial pFC. The emotionality of the retrieval target was more influential during search relative to Elaboration. However, valence influenced when the effect of emotion was greatest, with search engaging many more regions for positive events than negative ones, but Elaboration engaging the dorsomedial pFC more for negative events than positive events.