The Experts below are selected from a list of 210 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Susan M. Shirreffs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Electrolyte supplementation during severe energy restriction increases exercise capacity in the heat
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Lewis J. James, Stephen A. Mears, Susan M. ShirreffsAbstract:Purpose This study examined the effects of sodium chloride and potassium chloride supplementation during 48-h severe energy restriction on exercise capacity in the heat. Methods Nine males completed three 48-h trials: adequate energy Intake (100 % requirement), adequate Electrolyte Intake (CON); restricted energy Intake (33 % requirement), adequate Electrolyte Intake (ER-E); and restricted energy Intake (33 % requirement), restricted Electrolyte Intake (ER-P). At 48 h, cycling exercise capacity at 60 % $$ \dot{V} $$ V ˙ O_2 peak was determined in the heat (35.2 °C; 61.5 % relative humidity). Results Body mass loss during the 48 h was greater during ER-P [2.16 (0.36) kg] than ER-E [1.43 (0.47) kg; P
-
fluid and Electrolyte Intake and loss in elite soccer players during training
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: Ronald J. Maughan, Stuart J. Merson, Nick P. Broad, Susan M. ShirreffsAbstract:This study measured fluid balance during a 90-min preseason training session in the first team squad (24 players) of an English Premier League football team. Sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass after correction for ingested fluids and urine passed. Sweat composition was measured by collection from patches attached to the skin at 4 sites. The weather was warm (24-29 °C), with moderate humidity (46–64%). The mean ± SD body mass loss over the training session was 1.10 ± 0.43 kg, equivalent to a level of dehydration of 1.37 ± 0.54% of the pre-training body mass. Mean fluid Intake was 971 ± 303 ml. Estimated total mean sweat loss was 2033 ±413 ml. Mean sweat Electrolyte concentrations (mmol/L) were: sodium,49± 12; potassium,6.0± 1.3;chloride, 43 ± 10. Total sweat sodium loss of 99 ± 24 mmol corresponds to a salt (sodium chloride) loss of 5.8 ± 1.4 g. Mean urine osmolality measured on pre-training samples provided by the players was 666 ±311 mosmol/kg (n=21). These data indicate that sweat losses ...
-
Fluid and Electrolyte Intake and loss in elite soccer players during training.
International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: Ronald J. Maughan, Stuart J. Merson, Nick P. Broad, Susan M. ShirreffsAbstract:This study measured fluid balance during a 90-min preseason training session in the first team squad (24 players) of an English Premier League football team. Sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass after correction for ingested fluids and urine passed. Sweat composition was measured by collection from patches attached to the skin at 4 sites. The weather was warm (24-29 degrees C), with moderate humidity (46-64%). The mean +/- SD body mass loss over the training session was 1.10+/- 0.43 kg, equivalent to a level of dehydration of 1.37 +/- 0.54% of the pre-training body mass. Mean fluid Intake was 971 +/- 303 ml. Estimated total mean sweat loss was 2033 +/- 413 ml. Mean sweat Electrolyte concentrations (mmol/L) were: sodium, 49 +/- 12; potassium, 6.0 +/- 1.3; chloride, 43 +/- 10. Total sweat sodium loss of 99+/- 24 mmol corresponds to a salt (sodium chloride) loss of 5.8 +/- 1.4 g. Mean urine osmolality measured on pre-training samples provided by the players was 666 +/- 311 mosmol/kg (n = 21). These data indicate that sweat losses of water and solute in football players in training can be substantial but vary greatly between players even with the same exercise and environmental conditions. Voluntary fluid Intake also shows wide inter-individual variability and is generally insufficient to match fluid losses.
-
Recovery from prolonged exercise: restoration of water and Electrolyte balance.
Journal of sports sciences, 1997Co-Authors: Ronald J. Maughan, Susan M. ShirreffsAbstract:Rapid and complete restoration of fluid balance after exercise is an important part of the recovery process, especially in hot, humid conditions, when sweat losses may be high. Rehydration after exercise can only be achieved if the Electrolytes lost in sweat, as well as the lost water, are replaced. However, the amount of Electrolytes lost in sweat is highly variable between individuals and although the optimum drink may be achieved by matching drink Electrolyte Intake with sweat Electrolyte loss, this is virtually impossible in sport settings. The composition of sweat varies considerably not only between individuals, but also with time during exercise and it is further influenced by the state of acclimatization. A moderate excess of salt Intake would appear to be beneficial as far as hydration status is concerned, without any detrimental effects on health, provided that fluid Intake is in excess of sweat loss and that renal function is not impaired. To achieve effective rehydration following exercise in ...
Lee S. Newman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Electrolyte Beverage Intake to Promote Hydration and Maintain Kidney Function in Guatemalan Sugarcane Workers Laboring in Hot Conditions.
Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Lyndsay Krisher, Jaime Butler-dawson, Hillary A. Yoder, Daniel Pilloni, Miranda Dally, Evan C. Johnson, Diana Jaramillo, Alexander Cruz, Claudia Asensio, Lee S. NewmanAbstract:To evaluate impact of Electrolyte supplementation on hydration status and health outcomes in Guatemalan agricultural workers performing heavy work under hot climatic conditions. A 3-week pragmatic trial was conducted with a group of 50 workers during the 2017 to 2018 sugarcane harvest. Workers received an Electrolyte hydration intervention during 2 of the 3 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected each week. Increased Electrolyte Intake resulted in less muscle injury. Kidney function was maintained across the intervention period. Workers were adequately hydrated and average Electrolyte levels remained in normal ranges. Mild indications of hyponatremia occurred at higher levels of fluid Intake. This trial demonstrates the feasibility of maintaining workers' Electrolyte levels under extremely hot and humid conditions while mitigating muscle injury. Electrolyte supplementation should be added to standard workplace water, rest, and shade interventions to protect workers.
-
Electrolyte beverage Intake to promote hydration and maintain kidney function in guatemalan sugarcane workers laboring in hot conditions
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Lyndsay Krisher, Hillary A. Yoder, Daniel Pilloni, Miranda Dally, Evan C. Johnson, Diana Jaramillo, Alexander Cruz, Claudia Asensio, Jaime Butlerdawson, Lee S. NewmanAbstract:Objectives To evaluate impact of Electrolyte supplementation on hydration status and health outcomes in Guatemalan agricultural workers performing heavy work under hot climatic conditions. Methods A 3-week pragmatic trial was conducted with a group of 50 workers during the 2017-18 sugarcane harvest. Workers received an Electrolyte hydration intervention during 2 of the 3 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected each week. Results Increased Electrolyte Intake resulted in less muscle injury. Kidney function was maintained across the intervention period. Workers were adequately hydrated and average Electrolyte levels remained in normal ranges. Mild indications of hyponatremia occurred at higher levels of fluid Intake. Conclusions This trial demonstrates the feasibility of maintaining workers' Electrolyte levels under extremely hot and humid conditions while mitigating muscle injury. Electrolyte supplementation should be added to standard workplace water, rest and shade interventions to protect workers.
Mei Cai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Cathode porosity is a missing key parameter to optimize lithium-sulfur battery energy density
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Ning Kang, Yuxiao Lin, Dongping Lu, Jie Xiao, Yue Qi, Li Yang, Mei CaiAbstract:For high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries, a dense electrode with low porosity is desired to minimize Electrolyte Intake, parasitic weight, and cost. Here the authors show the impact of porosity on the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries and reveal the mechanism through analytical modeling.AbstractWhile high sulfur loading has been pursued as a key parameter to build realistic high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries, less attention has been paid to the cathode porosity, which is much higher in sulfur/carbon composite cathodes than in traditional lithium-ion battery electrodes. For high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries, a dense electrode with low porosity is desired to minimize Electrolyte Intake, parasitic weight, and cost. Here we report the profound impact on the discharge polarization, reversible capacity, and cell cycling life of lithium-sulfur batteries by decreasing cathode porosities from 70 to 40%. According to the developed mechanism-based analytical model, we demonstrate that sulfur utilization is limited by the solubility of lithium-polysulfides and further conversion from lithium-polysulfides to Li_2S is limited by the electronically accessible surface area of the carbon matrix. Finally, we predict an optimized cathode porosity to maximize the cell level volumetric energy density without sacrificing the sulfur utilization.
-
cathode porosity is a missing key parameter to optimize lithium sulfur battery energy density
Nature Communications, 2019Co-Authors: Ning Kang, Yuxiao Lin, Jie Xiao, Li Yang, Mei CaiAbstract:While high sulfur loading has been pursued as a key parameter to build realistic high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries, less attention has been paid to the cathode porosity, which is much higher in sulfur/carbon composite cathodes than in traditional lithium-ion battery electrodes. For high-energy lithium-sulfur batteries, a dense electrode with low porosity is desired to minimize Electrolyte Intake, parasitic weight, and cost. Here we report the profound impact on the discharge polarization, reversible capacity, and cell cycling life of lithium-sulfur batteries by decreasing cathode porosities from 70 to 40%. According to the developed mechanism-based analytical model, we demonstrate that sulfur utilization is limited by the solubility of lithium-polysulfides and further conversion from lithium-polysulfides to Li2S is limited by the electronically accessible surface area of the carbon matrix. Finally, we predict an optimized cathode porosity to maximize the cell level volumetric energy density without sacrificing the sulfur utilization.
Ronald J. Maughan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
fluid and Electrolyte Intake and loss in elite soccer players during training
International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: Ronald J. Maughan, Stuart J. Merson, Nick P. Broad, Susan M. ShirreffsAbstract:This study measured fluid balance during a 90-min preseason training session in the first team squad (24 players) of an English Premier League football team. Sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass after correction for ingested fluids and urine passed. Sweat composition was measured by collection from patches attached to the skin at 4 sites. The weather was warm (24-29 °C), with moderate humidity (46–64%). The mean ± SD body mass loss over the training session was 1.10 ± 0.43 kg, equivalent to a level of dehydration of 1.37 ± 0.54% of the pre-training body mass. Mean fluid Intake was 971 ± 303 ml. Estimated total mean sweat loss was 2033 ±413 ml. Mean sweat Electrolyte concentrations (mmol/L) were: sodium,49± 12; potassium,6.0± 1.3;chloride, 43 ± 10. Total sweat sodium loss of 99 ± 24 mmol corresponds to a salt (sodium chloride) loss of 5.8 ± 1.4 g. Mean urine osmolality measured on pre-training samples provided by the players was 666 ±311 mosmol/kg (n=21). These data indicate that sweat losses ...
-
Fluid and Electrolyte Intake and loss in elite soccer players during training.
International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 2004Co-Authors: Ronald J. Maughan, Stuart J. Merson, Nick P. Broad, Susan M. ShirreffsAbstract:This study measured fluid balance during a 90-min preseason training session in the first team squad (24 players) of an English Premier League football team. Sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass after correction for ingested fluids and urine passed. Sweat composition was measured by collection from patches attached to the skin at 4 sites. The weather was warm (24-29 degrees C), with moderate humidity (46-64%). The mean +/- SD body mass loss over the training session was 1.10+/- 0.43 kg, equivalent to a level of dehydration of 1.37 +/- 0.54% of the pre-training body mass. Mean fluid Intake was 971 +/- 303 ml. Estimated total mean sweat loss was 2033 +/- 413 ml. Mean sweat Electrolyte concentrations (mmol/L) were: sodium, 49 +/- 12; potassium, 6.0 +/- 1.3; chloride, 43 +/- 10. Total sweat sodium loss of 99+/- 24 mmol corresponds to a salt (sodium chloride) loss of 5.8 +/- 1.4 g. Mean urine osmolality measured on pre-training samples provided by the players was 666 +/- 311 mosmol/kg (n = 21). These data indicate that sweat losses of water and solute in football players in training can be substantial but vary greatly between players even with the same exercise and environmental conditions. Voluntary fluid Intake also shows wide inter-individual variability and is generally insufficient to match fluid losses.
-
Recovery from prolonged exercise: restoration of water and Electrolyte balance.
Journal of sports sciences, 1997Co-Authors: Ronald J. Maughan, Susan M. ShirreffsAbstract:Rapid and complete restoration of fluid balance after exercise is an important part of the recovery process, especially in hot, humid conditions, when sweat losses may be high. Rehydration after exercise can only be achieved if the Electrolytes lost in sweat, as well as the lost water, are replaced. However, the amount of Electrolytes lost in sweat is highly variable between individuals and although the optimum drink may be achieved by matching drink Electrolyte Intake with sweat Electrolyte loss, this is virtually impossible in sport settings. The composition of sweat varies considerably not only between individuals, but also with time during exercise and it is further influenced by the state of acclimatization. A moderate excess of salt Intake would appear to be beneficial as far as hydration status is concerned, without any detrimental effects on health, provided that fluid Intake is in excess of sweat loss and that renal function is not impaired. To achieve effective rehydration following exercise in ...
Lyndsay Krisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Electrolyte Beverage Intake to Promote Hydration and Maintain Kidney Function in Guatemalan Sugarcane Workers Laboring in Hot Conditions.
Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Lyndsay Krisher, Jaime Butler-dawson, Hillary A. Yoder, Daniel Pilloni, Miranda Dally, Evan C. Johnson, Diana Jaramillo, Alexander Cruz, Claudia Asensio, Lee S. NewmanAbstract:To evaluate impact of Electrolyte supplementation on hydration status and health outcomes in Guatemalan agricultural workers performing heavy work under hot climatic conditions. A 3-week pragmatic trial was conducted with a group of 50 workers during the 2017 to 2018 sugarcane harvest. Workers received an Electrolyte hydration intervention during 2 of the 3 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected each week. Increased Electrolyte Intake resulted in less muscle injury. Kidney function was maintained across the intervention period. Workers were adequately hydrated and average Electrolyte levels remained in normal ranges. Mild indications of hyponatremia occurred at higher levels of fluid Intake. This trial demonstrates the feasibility of maintaining workers' Electrolyte levels under extremely hot and humid conditions while mitigating muscle injury. Electrolyte supplementation should be added to standard workplace water, rest, and shade interventions to protect workers.
-
Electrolyte beverage Intake to promote hydration and maintain kidney function in guatemalan sugarcane workers laboring in hot conditions
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Lyndsay Krisher, Hillary A. Yoder, Daniel Pilloni, Miranda Dally, Evan C. Johnson, Diana Jaramillo, Alexander Cruz, Claudia Asensio, Jaime Butlerdawson, Lee S. NewmanAbstract:Objectives To evaluate impact of Electrolyte supplementation on hydration status and health outcomes in Guatemalan agricultural workers performing heavy work under hot climatic conditions. Methods A 3-week pragmatic trial was conducted with a group of 50 workers during the 2017-18 sugarcane harvest. Workers received an Electrolyte hydration intervention during 2 of the 3 weeks. Blood and urine samples were collected each week. Results Increased Electrolyte Intake resulted in less muscle injury. Kidney function was maintained across the intervention period. Workers were adequately hydrated and average Electrolyte levels remained in normal ranges. Mild indications of hyponatremia occurred at higher levels of fluid Intake. Conclusions This trial demonstrates the feasibility of maintaining workers' Electrolyte levels under extremely hot and humid conditions while mitigating muscle injury. Electrolyte supplementation should be added to standard workplace water, rest and shade interventions to protect workers.