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Gail Davey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • patients perceptions of podoconiosis causes prevention and consequences in east and west gojam northern ethiopia
    BMC Public Health, 2012
    Co-Authors: Yordanos B Molla, Abreham Tamiru, Sara Tomczyk, Tsige Amberbir, Gail Davey
    Abstract:

    Background Podoconiosis is a form of non-filarial Elephantiasis that affects barefoot individuals in highland tropical areas. The disease presents with bilateral, asymmetric swelling of the legs, usually confined to below the knee. This study aimed to assess podoconiosis patients’ perceptions of prevention, control, causes and familial clustering of the disease, and to document physical, social and economic impairments associated with the disease, with the ultimate aim of enabling development of tailored interventions in this region.

  • podoconiosis non filarial Elephantiasis and lymphology
    Lymphology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Gail Davey
    Abstract:

    Several recent reviews of podoconiosisalready exist in journals and on public accesswebsites. After briefly covering the historicaland epidemiological background, thisnarrative review will therefore attemptexplicitly to link podoconiosis withlymphology, examining gaps in what is knownof pathogenesis and identifying the areas ofresearch in which input from lymphologists ismost required. Finally, prevention andtreatment will be described and the need foroperational research to optimize communitybasedinterventions outlined.

  • recent advances in podoconiosis
    Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gail Davey
    Abstract:

    In terms of either research or public-health policy, podoconiosis, a non-infectious form of Elephantiasis, has received little attention since the 1980s. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the results of the relevant research published in the past 2 years, in the context of the data from earlier investigations. The review concludes by indicating areas in which further investigation is necessary before robust intervention strategies, to reduce the public-health burden posed by podoconiosis, can be devised.

  • podoconiosis non filarial geochemical Elephantiasis a neglected tropical disease
    Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2009
    Co-Authors: P Nenoff, Jan C Simon, Grace K Muylowa, Gail Davey
    Abstract:

    Podoconiosis or mossy foot is a form of non-filarial lymphedema. This geochemical Elephantiasis is a disabling condition caused by the passage of microparticles of silica and aluminum silicates through the skin of people walking barefoot in areas with a high content of soil of volcanic origin. Podoconiosis is widespread in tropical Africa, Central America and North India, yet it remains a neglected and under-researched condition. The disabling effects of podoconiosis cause great hardship to patients. It adversely affects the economic (reduced productivity and absenteeism), social (marriage, education, etc.) and psychological (social stigma) well-being of those affected. Podoconiosis can be prevented; the main primary preventive measure is protective footwear. Secondary measures include a strict hygiene regimen and compression therapy, which can reverse initial lesions. Tertiary approaches include surgical management, such as shaving operations to reduce hyperplastic and verrucous Elephantiasis.

  • community based control of a neglected tropical disease the mossy foot treatment and prevention association
    PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gail Davey, Emily Burridge
    Abstract:

    Podoconiosis (endemic non-filarial Elephantiasis, also known as mossy foot) is a non-communicable disease now found exclusively in the tropics, caused by the conjunction of environmental, genetic, and economic factors. Silicate particles formed by the disintegration of lava in areas of high altitude (over 1,000 m) and seasonal rainfall (over 1,000 mm per annum) penetrate the skin of barefoot subsistence farmers, and in susceptible individuals cause lymphatic blockage and subsequent Elephantiasis [1]. Although an estimated one million Ethiopians (of a total population of 77 million) are afflicted with podoconiosis [2], which creates a huge economic burden in endemic areas [3], no national policy has yet been developed to control or prevent the condition, and most affected communities remain unaware of treatment options.

J R Casleysmith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • treatment of filarial lymphoedema and Elephantiasis with 5 6 benzo alpha pyrone coumarin
    BMJ, 1993
    Co-Authors: J R Casleysmith, C T Wang, Cui Zihai
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE--To study efficacy of treatment of filarial lymphoedema and Elephantiasis with 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone. DESIGN--Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study with matching for grade and duration of disease, age, and sex. Treatment was given for 367 days, and subjects were followed up for another year. SETTING--A town in Shandong Province, China. SUBJECTS--104 men and women with chronic unilateral filarial lymphoedema or Elephantiasis of the leg: 64 were randomised to benzopyrone and 40 to placebo. By the end of the study 19 patients had dropped out of the treatment group and two out of the placebo group. INTERVENTIONS--Two 200 mg tablets of 5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone or two placebo tablets given daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Volumes of the affected and normal legs estimated every three months, and daily listing of any side effects. RESULTS--Benzopyrone reduced oedema for all grades of lymphoedema during the year of treatment (pW0.001) and the follow up year (p = 0.026). During treatment the mean monthly reductions in leg volume were 0.62% (95% confidence intervals 0.4% to 0.85%), 1.1% (0.71% to 1.6%), and 1.6% (0.89% to 2.3%) of the volume of the normal leg for grades 1, 2, and 3-5 (Elephantiasis) of lymphoedema respectively. During follow up the mean monthly reductions were 0.18% (0.01% to 0.35%), 0.54% (0.27% to 0.82%), and 0.87% (0.51% to 1.2%). At the end of the trial the total reduction in oedema was 100%, 95%, and 45% for grades 1, 2, and 3-5. Symptoms and complications were considerably reduced, including attacks of secondary acute inflammation, while side effects were minor and disappeared after one month. In the placebo group there were no changes in the severity of lymphoedema. CONCLUSIONS--5,6-benzo-alpha-pyrone reduces the oedema and many symptoms of filarial lymphoedema and Elephantiasis. It has few side effects, and its relatively slow action makes it ideal for use without compression garments.

  • reduction of filaritic lymphoedema and Elephantiasis by 5 6 benzo alpha pyrone coumarin and the effects of diethylcarbamazine dec
    Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1993
    Co-Authors: S Jamal, J R Casleysmith
    Abstract:

    Chronic filaritic lymphoedema and Elephantiasis, in India, were treated orally with 5,6 benzo-α-pyrone (56 BaP; 1,2 benzo-α-pyrone; coumarin) in a double-blind, randomized, matched-group trial. Eac...

  • reduction of filaritic lymphoedema and Elephantiasis by 5 6 benzo α pyrone coumarin and the effects of diethylcarbamazine dec
    Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 1993
    Co-Authors: S Jamal, J R Casleysmith
    Abstract:

    Chronic filaritic lymphoedema and Elephantiasis, in India, were treated orally with 5,6 benzo-α-pyrone (56 BaP; 1,2 benzo-α-pyrone; coumarin) in a double-blind, randomized, matched-group trial. Eac...

David G. Addiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • filarial Elephantiasis among haitian women social context and behavioural factors in treatment
    Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1998
    Co-Authors: Jeannine Coreil, Gladys Mayard, Jacky Louischarles, David G. Addiss
    Abstract:

    Few studies have addressed the social and behavioural aspects of lymphatic filariasis. The research reported here investigated the ethnographic context of filarial Elephantiasis among women in Leogane, Haiti, and focused on explanatory models of the illness, the impact of the disease on women's lives, and the difficulties patients experienced in following a therapeutic regimen provided at a local hospital. Qualitative data were collected through focus group and individual interviews and direct observation of patients enrolled in the treatment programme. Results indicate that traditional understanding and treatment for the disease are prevalent in the community, although biomedical explanations are gaining credence as a consequence of long-term filariasis control activities in this area. Women's lives are substantially burdened both socially and economically by the physical impairment of Elephantiasis, most notably in the loss of income due to restrictions on mobility. The degree of social discrimination encountered varies by the timing of onset of symptoms in the life course. Difficulties encountered with the physical therapy regimen included maintenance of the compressive bandage and availability of suitable foot wear. Similarities between these findings and those reported for other parts of the world are noted. Recommendations from the study cite the need for community education and peer support activities to provide a knowledge base and support structure for current and future intervention programmes.

  • the silent burden of sexual disability associated with lymphatic filariasis
    Acta Tropica, 1997
    Co-Authors: Gerusa Dreyer, Joaquim Noroes, David G. Addiss
    Abstract:

    Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease that affects approximately 100 million persons worldwide. It is estimated that 40 million people suffer from the chronic disfiguring manifestations of this disease including 27 million men with testicular hydrocele lymph scrotum or Elephantiasis of the scrotum. An estimated 13 million people the majority of whom are women have filaria-associated lymphedema or Elephantiasis of the leg arm or breast. Although lymphatic filariasis is ranked as the second leading known cause of disability worldwide little attention has focused on an important but hidden disability associated with the genital manifestations of this disease that of sexual disability. In our clinic in Recife Brazil where the trust of patients has been gained through long-term caring relationships we have begun to discover the magnitude depth and profound implications of this disability both for men and women. (excerpt)

  • a survey of knowledge attitudes and perceptions kaps of lymphatic filariasis Elephantiasis and hydrocele among residents in an endemic area in haiti
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1996
    Co-Authors: Mark L Eberhard, David G. Addiss, Essie M Walker, Patrick J Lammie
    Abstract:

    Abstract To assess knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about bancroftian filariasis, 104 residents of an endemic area in Haiti were interviewed. Questions focused on 1) whether people understood the relationship between infection and disease, 2) recognition of the role that mosquitoes play in transmission, 3) perceived importance of hydrocele and Elephantiasis in relation to other recognized diseases, and 4) the willingness of the community to participate in a control program. Fewer than 50% of residents had heard of filariasis and only 6% of those surveyed knew that it was transmitted by mosquitoes. In contrast, all persons knew of the clinical conditions of hydrocele and Elephantiasis. Hydrocele was thought to be caused by trauma (60%) or trapped gas (30%); Elephantiasis by walking bare foot on soil or water (37%) or by use of ceremonial powder that had been sprinkled on the ground (23%). Of 76 respondents, 53% and 38% thought that hydrocele could be treated through surgery or a drug, respectively, whereas of 86 respondents, 85% and 15% believed that either surgery or a drug could be used to treat Elephantiasis. In this context, persons were not referring to a specific drug; rather, they believed a drug existed (possibly in some other country) that could cure these conditions. Hydrocele and Elephantiasis ranked second to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as perceived health problems, most likely because residents believed treatment for conditions such as malaria, intestinal worms, anemia, and diarrhea was easily obtained. Responses were influenced by age, sex, and symptoms, but none of these effects were statistically significant except that persons with hydrocele or Elephantiasis were more likely to have sought treatment than persons without these conditions (P = 0.0006). The survey results indicate that awareness of the causes of disease, the relationship between infection and disease, and goals of treatment must be heightened through community-based education campaigns to increase the possibility of acceptance and support of control programs.

  • clinical parasitologic and immunologic observations of patients with hydrocele and Elephantiasis in an area with endemic lymphatic filariasis
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1995
    Co-Authors: David G. Addiss, Mark L Eberhard, Kathleen A Dimock, Patrick J Lammie
    Abstract:

    Hydrocele and Elephantiasis, major clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis, are thought to share a common pathogenesis. The characteristics of 121 patients with hydrocele or Elephantiasis in Leogane, Haiti, were compared: 39% of 57 men with hydrocele and 3% of 64 persons with lymphedema of the leg were microfilaria-positive (P < .001). Circulating filarial antigen, presumably from the adult worm, was detected in 15 (43%) microfilaria-negative men with hydrocele and 9 (15%) microfilaria-negative persons with leg edema (P = .004). Microfilaria-positive men had lower levels of filaria-specific IgG1 and hydroceles of significantly smaller volume and shorter duration than did microfilaria-negative men; hydrocele volume was inversely associated with microfilarial density (P = .001). In contrast, filarial antigen but not microfilariae was associated with filaria-specific IgG4 and decreased lymphocyte proliferation. Antigen status was not associated with severity of leg edema. In this filariasis-endemic area, men with hydrocele are more immunologically and parasitologically heterogeneous than are persons with Elephantiasis.

Erliyani Sartono - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • differential decline in filaria specific igg1 igg4 and ige antibodies in brugia malayi infected patients after diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1995
    Co-Authors: Agnes Kurniawan Atmadja, F Partono, Erliyani Sartono, Rebecca Atkinson
    Abstract:

    In human filariasis, the predominant serum antibody is IgG4, accompanied by significant IgE production. The ratio of IgG4 to IgE is highest in asymptomatic microfilaremic carriers, while chronic disease is associated with elevated IgG1-3. The changes in isotypes following chemotherapy with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) were studied in 2 groups of Brugia malayi-infected patients from Sumatra and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Similar results were obtained from each group. IgG4 levels decreased sharply (65%-78%) within 12 months. IgG1 levels declined in a less consistent and extreme manner, and levels of IgG2 and IgG3 declined only in patients with Elephantiasis, who also had the highest initial levels of these antibodies. IgE responses were relatively stable to therapy in microfilaremic patients (7%-28% reduction) and showed only moderate decline (56% over 2 years) in Elephantiasis patients. Active filarial infection is thus associated with specific IgG4 antibodies, but there is independent expression of the IgE and IgG4 isotypes in filariasis.

  • elevated cellular immune responses and interferon γ release after long term diethylcarbamazine treatment of patients with human lymphatic filariasis
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1995
    Co-Authors: Erliyani Sartono, Yvonne C M Kruize, Agnes Kurniawan, Peter H Van Der Meide
    Abstract:

    Cellular immune responses to filarial antigens were examined in persons before and 1 year after beginning treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC). The subjects (17 microfilaremics, 13 asymptomatic amicrofilaremics, and 13 with Elephantiasis) had not responded to Brgia malayi adult worm antigen (BmA) before chemotherapy. T cell proliferative responses to BmA improved significantly after therapy in the 3 clinical groups (P < .05) but was highest in the Elephantiasis patients and asymptomatic amicrofilareimics. Cytokine release profiles after stimulation with parasite antigen were analyzed. Production of interferon (IFN)-gamma by BmA-stimulated mononuclear cells increased significantly after DEC treatment (geometric mean, 39.6-55.7 U/mL; P < .05), largely due to improved responses in Elephantiasis patients and asymptomatic amicrofilaremics. In contrast, BmA-induced interleukin (IL)-4 release did not change significantly in these same patients after treatment. Thus, both microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic infections with B. malayi are associated with similar down-regulation of proliferative T cell function and IFN-gamma release.

Claus G. Roehrborn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Idiopathic scrotal Elephantiasis
    Urology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Brad Hornberger, James M. Elmore, Claus G. Roehrborn
    Abstract:

    Scrotal lymphedema (scrotal Elephantiasis) is a condition that has historically been described in areas endemic to filariasis. We present a unique case of a 22-year-old man with idiopathic lymphedema isolated to the scrotum. After acquired causes of lymphedema were ruled out, the patient was treated with scrotectomy and scrotal reconstruction.