The Experts below are selected from a list of 13122 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kazuo Ogawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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myxosporean Emaciation disease of cultured red sea bream pagrus major and spotted knifejaw oplegnathus punctatus
Fish Pathology, 2008Co-Authors: Tetsuya Yanagida, Oswaldo Palenzuela, Tatsumu Hirae, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Shinji Tanaka, Kazuo OgawaAbstract:Myxosporean Emaciation disease of cultured red sea bream Pagrus major and spotted knifejaw Oplegnathus punctatus has recently occurred in Japan. Morphological features and molecular analysis of SSU rDNA indicated that myxozoans from the intestine of affected fishes were identified as Enteromyxum leei, one of the causative organisms of the Emaciation disease of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. A one-year periodic examination of E. leei infection in cultured red sea bream revealed that cumulative mortalities reached about 10% during the first summer, but surviving fish were not infected in the following year. Experimental transmission of E. leei from infected tiger puffer to naive red sea bream was achieved by both cohabitation with infected fish and exposure to effluent from a tank containing infected fish. This study suggests that fish-to-fish transmission occurs among different fish species in culture fields.
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Development of a PCR-based Method for the Detection of Enteric Myxozoans Causing the Emaciation Disease of Cultured Tiger Puffer
Fish Pathology, 2005Co-Authors: Tetsuya Yanagida, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Mark A. Freeman, Yoshinori Nomura, Ikuo Takami, Yukitaka Sugihara, Kazuo OgawaAbstract:A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) -based method was developed to detect enteric myxozoans which cause the Emaciation disease of cultured tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. Three primer sets were designed based on the sequences of small subunit ribosomal DNA of Enteromyxum leei, Enteromyxum fugu and Leptotheca fugu. All of the primer sets specifically amplified the target DNA of each species. The PCR successfully detected parasite DNA not only from the intestinal mucosa of killed fish but also from gut contents collected from live fish using a swab inserted into the anus. These PCR analyses were more sensitive to detection of parasites than microscopic observation on the intestinal imprints. The present PCR method is useful for rapid diagnosis of the myxosporean Emaciation disease.
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fish to fish transmission of myxidium spp myxozoa in cultured tiger puffer suffering from Emaciation disease
Fish Pathology, 2002Co-Authors: Hiroshi Yasuda, Tsuyoshi Ooyama, Kazuo Iwata, Hiroshi Yokoyama, Kazuo OgawaAbstract:Experimental transmission of Myxidium fugu and Myxidium sp. TP (formerly described as Myxidium sp. in tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes) among tiger puffer was successful by the following 3 methods; 1) feeding infected gut tissue, 2) cohabitation with infected fish, 3) exposure to effluent from a tank containing infected fish. Regardless of the transmission methods, prevalences of infection in the intestine with M. fugu reached 100%. However, those with Myxidium sp. TP, which is suspected of an etiological agent of the Emaciation disease, varied among experiments conducted in different months, suggesting that development of Myxidium sp. TP was strongly influenced by the ambient temperature. It was evident that trophozoites of Myxidium sp. TP excreted from the infected fish were transmittable directly to other fish. Mortalities and morbidities in fish experimentally infected with Myxidium sp. TP seemed to be associated with the parasite's development which might be promoted by higher temperature. The present study suggests that fish-to-fish transmission of Myxidium spp. occurs in sea cages, inducing a rapid spread of the Emaciation disease among farmed tiger puffer.
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Pathological changes induced by three myxosporeans in the intestine of cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel)
Journal of Fish Diseases, 2002Co-Authors: Kazuo Ogawa, Hisatsugu WakabayashiAbstract:Pathological changes in cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, with Emaciation disease in Kyushu, Japan were studied histologically. In most cases, diseased fish were heavily infected with at least one of three myxosporeans (Myxidium fugu, Myxidium sp. and Leptotheca fugu) and two unidentified hyperparasitic microsporeans, attached to, or in, the intestinal epithelium. Myxidium fugu attached to the surface of the epithelium, caused no noticeable effects on the host tissue, irrespective of its infection with the hyperparasite. Myxidium sp., which proliferated in the epithelium, induced severe pathological changes including accumulation of cell debris between the epithelium and lamina propria and resultant detachment of the epithelium. Leptotheca fugu, another histozoic myxosporean, induced degeneration of the epithelium, associated with massive infiltration of macrophages into the epithelium to encapsulate parasites. When L. fugu was infected with its hyperparasitic microsporean, shortened villi were also observed. This is probably because passage of macrophage-parasite aggregates through the basement membrane of the epithelium severely damaged the epithelial structure. It is evident histologically that, unlike epicellular M. fugu, histozoic Myxidium sp. and L. fugu with or without hyperparasitic microsporeans, were highly pathogenic to host fish. This strongly suggests that they are causative agents of the Emaciation disease.
Tanja Opriessnig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systemic conidiobolus incongruus infection and hypertrophic osteopathy in a white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2009Co-Authors: Darin M Madson, Alan T Loynachan, Subhashinie Kariyawasam, Tanja OpriessnigAbstract:Postmortem examination of a free-range white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) revealed severe Emaciation, bilateral firm proliferation of the metatarsal diaphyses, and a large intrathoracic mass associated with the accessory lung lobe. Smaller masses were evident in the abomasum, duodenum, omentum, and the capsular surface of the liver. Microscopically, the masses were similar and were diagnosed as eosinophilic granulomas with intralesional fungal hyphae characteristic of Zygomycetes spp. Fungal hyphae were identified as Conidiobolus incongruus by 18S ribosomal RNA sequencing on fresh lung tissue. Furthermore, the proliferative lesions of the metatarsal bones along with the intrathoracic mass were compatible with hypertrophic osteopathy.
Toru Matsui - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pearls oy sters anorexia and Emaciation in patients with cerebellar hemangioblastoma
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Soichi Oya, Takahide Nejo, Masahiro Indo, Toru MatsuiAbstract:Anorexia and Emaciation result from various conditions, including digestive diseases, metabolic disorders, chronic inflammation, chronic infections, malignancies, and psychiatric problems. Intracranial tumors can also cause a reduction in food intake, thus mimicking anorexia nervosa, through various mechanisms. Fourth ventricular tumors, particularly hemangioblastomas, can cause prolonged appetite loss and extreme body weight loss, without any apparent focal neurologic deficits.
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Pearls & Oy-sters: Anorexia and Emaciation in patients with cerebellar hemangioblastoma.
Neurology, 2014Co-Authors: Soichi Oya, Takahide Nejo, Masahiro Indo, Toru MatsuiAbstract:Anorexia and Emaciation result from various conditions, including digestive diseases, metabolic disorders, chronic inflammation, chronic infections, malignancies, and psychiatric problems. Intracranial tumors can also cause a reduction in food intake, thus mimicking anorexia nervosa, through various mechanisms. Fourth ventricular tumors, particularly hemangioblastomas, can cause prolonged appetite loss and extreme body weight loss, without any apparent focal neurologic deficits.
P A Merz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spongiform encephalopathy in free ranging mule deer odocoileus hemionus white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus and rocky mountain elk cervus elaphus nelsoni in northcentral colorado
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 1997Co-Authors: Terry R Spraker, Michael W Miller, Elizabeth S Williams, David M Getzy, W J Adrian, G G Schoonveld, R A Spowart, Katherine I Orourke, J M Miller, P A MerzAbstract:Between March 1981 and June 1995, a neurological disease characterized histologically by spongiform encephalopathy was diagnosed in 49 free-ranging cervids from northcentral Colorado (USA). Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were the primary species affected and accounted for 41 (84%) of the 49 cases, but six Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) and two white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were also affected. Clinical signs included Emaciation, excessive salivation, behavioral changes, ataxia, and weakness. Emaciation with total loss of subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissue and serous atrophy of remaining fat depots were the only consistent gross findings. Spongiform encephalopathy characterized by microcavitation of gray matter, intraneuronal vacuolation and neuronal degeneration was observed microscopically in all cases. Scrapie-associated prion protein or an antigenically indistinguishable protein was demonstrated in brains from 26 affected animals, 10 using an immunohistochemical stainin...
Hiroshi Shimokata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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incidence of disability and its associated factors in japanese men and women the longitudinal cohorts of motor system organ locomo study
Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 2015Co-Authors: Noriko Yoshimura, Toru Akune, Saeko Fujiwara, Yoko Shimizu, Hideyo Yoshida, Yuji Nishiwaki, Akihiro Sudo, Go Omori, Munehito Yoshida, Hiroshi ShimokataAbstract:We investigated the incidence of disability and its risk factors in older Japanese adults to establish an evidence-based disability prevention strategy for this population. For this purpose, we used data from the Longitudinal Cohorts of Motor System Organ (LOCOMO) study, initiated in 2008 to integrate information from cohorts in nine communities across Japan: Tokyo (two regions), Wakayama (two regions), Hiroshima, Niigata, Mie, Akita, and Gunma prefectures. We examined the annual occurrence of disability from 8,454 individuals (2,705 men and 5,749 women) aged ≥65 years. The estimated incidence of disability was 3.58/100 person-years (p-y) (men: 3.17/100 p-y; women: 3.78/100 p-y). To determine factors associated with disability, Cox's proportional hazard model was used, with the occurrence of disability as an objective variable and age (+1 year), gender (vs. women), body build (0: normal/overweight range, BMI 18.5-27.5 kg/m(2); 1: Emaciation, BMI 27.5 kg/m(2)), and regional differences (0: rural areas including Wakayama, Niigata, Mie, Akita, and Gunma vs. 1: urban areas including Tokyo and Hiroshima) as explanatory variables. Age, body build, and regional difference significantly influenced the occurrence of disability (age, +1 year: hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.15, p < 0.001; body build, vs. Emaciation: 1.24, 1.01-1.53, p = 0.041; body build, vs. obesity: 1.36, 1.08-1.71, p = 0.009; residence, vs. living in rural areas: 1.59, 1.37-1.85, p < 0.001). We concluded that higher age, both Emaciation and obesity, and living in rural areas would be risk factors for the occurrence of disability.