The Experts below are selected from a list of 5886 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Zhang Wenzhong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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optimal allocation of Emergency Shelter facilities in beijing
Human Geography, 2010Co-Authors: Zhang WenzhongAbstract:In contemporary China,how to achieve equity and efficiency for public service facilities' spatial distribution and rearrangement is one hot issue in the context of rapid urbanization process.Meanwhile,in order to avoid earthquakes,fires,explosions and other major natural disasters,Emergency Shelters play increasingly important roles in urban security.Nonetheless,researches on this issue are limited by the lack of systematic data,especially spatial data as well as other related data,and by the limitation of the traditional statistical model in establishing the complex causal relationship between the locations of public service facilities and their scale.This paper aims to explore general evaluation and actual description of the spatial distribution optimization of the urban Emergency Shelter facilities in Beijing,based on the Voronoi model and GIS analyzing methods.The results show that,firstly,Beijing is a large metropolis with a high population density,the capacity of Emergency Shelters could not meet the demand of the large population,and the spatial distribution of the Emergency Shelter facilities which have been built shows "uneven-distribution pattern";secondly,as the public service infrastructure network reaches the stage of "universal" and "equalization",it is estimated that the city governments need construct at least 42 new large-scale Emergency Shelter facilities in the downtown area,and these Emergency Shelter facilities will form a reasonable facilities' service-area network,covering the whole spatial area in the downtown place of Beijing;thirdly,as a public service facilities,the Emergency Shelter facilities play an important role in the construction of the safety city,so the further development of it will concentrate on how to make the best integration of the fairness and efficiency allocation for the public need,which will include not only the increase in the number and the expansion of the size of the Emergency Shelter facility,but also attach great importance to building a multi-level spatial arrangement structure,so as to achieve the greatest social benefits.The authors point out that this research can provide information for further urban construction and planning policy making.
Qiang Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selection of Emergency Shelter sites for seismic disasters in mountainous regions lessons from the 2008 wenchuan ms 8 0 earthquake china
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Qiang Liu, Xuejing Ruan, Pilong ShiAbstract:In this paper, we use the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as a background event for analyzing and applying the principles of site selection of Emergency Shelters for a disastrous earthquake. Based on field investigations and analyses of remote sensing imagery, we identified the distribution of active faults and the locations of co-seismic surface rupture zones—areas in which buildings are at risk of intensive damage. It is important that Emergency Shelters are located outside of such vulnerable areas. One of the lessons learned from the Wenchuan Earthquake is that high fatality rates occur in areas without life-saving Shelters. The principles that underlie the selection of Emergency Shelter sites are as follows: (1) keep far away from active fault zones, with the distance depending on the characteristics of the fault, including the nature of hangingwall and footwall structures; (2) disaster-mitigation strategies should be developed as a multi-dimensional system for the management of natural hazards, human activities, and urban expansion, involving keeping away from vulnerable slopes and establishing an early-warning system; (3) the accessibility of mountainous regions must be considered, including establishing small Emergency Shelters that house large numbers of people and covering regions with an uneven distribution of villages; and (4) government and law-making agencies in China must establish new earthquake design codes for buildings, emphasizing the importance of public facilities (including schools, collective welfare institutions, and medical facilities) as Emergency Shelters during disastrous earthquakes. The site-selection process requires an interdisciplinary approach involving seismologists, engineers, environmental and social scientists, Emergency management personnel, and government officials. The parameters upon which the above principles are based can be qualitatively determined, thereby providing a valuable initial database for further quantitative analysis. The preliminary results and knowledge gained in the present paper can be used as a decision-making tool to support the government in earthquake-recovery and reconstruction programs. We also discuss practical examples of site evaluation in regions that suffered heavy damage during the Wenchuan Earthquake.
Ahmed S. Khan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The use of recycled plastics for the design of a thermal resilient Emergency Shelter prototype
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2020Co-Authors: Andres Moreno-sierra, Mauricio Pieschacón, Ahmed S. KhanAbstract:Abstract Context — More than 200 million people suffer every year natural hazards consequences around the world, sensibly affecting vulnerable populations and resulting on building's partial or total damage. In post-disaster scenarios, it is required to provide the construction of temporary facilities that can be used as Shelters or educational spaces, and it is suitable to deliver low cost, fast construction, and site adapted solutions. However, many of these units are built with prefabricated elements brought ‘in situ’, but they cannot be produced locally, and they are frequently not adapted to their environment. Purpose The objective of this research is to increase the understanding of recycled plastics materials in order to develop a resilient prototype using modular elements made of plastic waste, and to measure the thermal comfort efficiency of the construction proposal to evaluate its capacity to adapt to the environment. Design/methodology/approach Based on the preliminary examination of natural hazards impacts on buildings, the study has focused on the recycled plastics materials' literature concerning methods and properties, in order to design a plastic-made Emergency Shelter module prototype. Dy- namic simulations have been conducted in order to evaluate the module's thermal behavior and its resilience to climatic conditions. Research limitations This research suggests the possibility of implementing a community-based plastic recycling process, depending on a production system that can be established at the Emergency site, according to technical specifications summarized in the study. Findings The findings suggest that recycled plastic materials have a high-resilient capacity to face different weather conditions and that they are suitable for the construction of Shelter modules. Originality/value The result is an efficient, resilient and thermal comfort adapted module assembly system that can be used as an Emergency Shelter for housing spaces, schools or health centers’ in a post-disaster reconstruction scenario.
Pilong Shi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selection of Emergency Shelter sites for seismic disasters in mountainous regions lessons from the 2008 wenchuan ms 8 0 earthquake china
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Qiang Liu, Xuejing Ruan, Pilong ShiAbstract:In this paper, we use the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as a background event for analyzing and applying the principles of site selection of Emergency Shelters for a disastrous earthquake. Based on field investigations and analyses of remote sensing imagery, we identified the distribution of active faults and the locations of co-seismic surface rupture zones—areas in which buildings are at risk of intensive damage. It is important that Emergency Shelters are located outside of such vulnerable areas. One of the lessons learned from the Wenchuan Earthquake is that high fatality rates occur in areas without life-saving Shelters. The principles that underlie the selection of Emergency Shelter sites are as follows: (1) keep far away from active fault zones, with the distance depending on the characteristics of the fault, including the nature of hangingwall and footwall structures; (2) disaster-mitigation strategies should be developed as a multi-dimensional system for the management of natural hazards, human activities, and urban expansion, involving keeping away from vulnerable slopes and establishing an early-warning system; (3) the accessibility of mountainous regions must be considered, including establishing small Emergency Shelters that house large numbers of people and covering regions with an uneven distribution of villages; and (4) government and law-making agencies in China must establish new earthquake design codes for buildings, emphasizing the importance of public facilities (including schools, collective welfare institutions, and medical facilities) as Emergency Shelters during disastrous earthquakes. The site-selection process requires an interdisciplinary approach involving seismologists, engineers, environmental and social scientists, Emergency management personnel, and government officials. The parameters upon which the above principles are based can be qualitatively determined, thereby providing a valuable initial database for further quantitative analysis. The preliminary results and knowledge gained in the present paper can be used as a decision-making tool to support the government in earthquake-recovery and reconstruction programs. We also discuss practical examples of site evaluation in regions that suffered heavy damage during the Wenchuan Earthquake.
Ying Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relationships Between Evacuation Population Size, Earthquake Emergency Shelter Capacity, and Evacuation Time
International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2017Co-Authors: Xiujuan Zhao, Lianije Qin, Junlin Zhang, Ying WangAbstract:Determining the location of earthquake Emergency Shelters and the allocation of affected population to them are key issues that face Shelter planning and Emergency management. To solve this Emergency Shelter location–allocation problem, evacuation time and the construction cost of Shelters—both influenced by the evacuation population size and its spatial distribution—are two important considerations. In this article, a mathematical model with two objectives—to minimize total weighted evacuation time (TWET) and total Shelter area (TSA)—is allied with a modified particle swarm optimization algorithm to address the problem. The relationships between evacuation population size, evacuation time, and total Shelter area are examined using Jinzhan Town in Chaoyang District of Beijing, China, as a case study. The results show that TWET has a power function relationship with TSA under different population size scenarios, and a linear function applies between evacuation population and TWET under different TSAs. The joint relationships of TSA, TWET, and population size show that TWET increases with population increase and TSA decrease, and compared with TSA, population influences TWET more strongly. Given a reliable projection of population change and spatial planning of a study area, this method can be useful for government decision making on the location of earthquake Emergency Shelters and on the allocation of evacuees to those Shelters.