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Timothy A Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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facets of emotion regulation and Emotional Disorder symptom dimensions differential associations and incremental validity in a large clinical sample
Behavior Therapy, 2021Co-Authors: Grace N Anderson, Timothy A Brown, Esther S Tung, Anthony J RoselliniAbstract:Abstract A growing literature suggests robust associations between dimensions of emotion regulation and Emotional Disorder psychopathology. However, limited research has investigated associations of emotion regulation dimensions across several Emotional Disorders (transdiagnostic associations), or the incremental validity of emotion regulation versus the higher-order construct of neuroticism. The current study used exploratory structural equation modeling and a large clinical sample (N = 1,138) to: (a) develop a multidimensional emotion regulation measurement model, (b) evaluate the differential associations between latent emotion regulation dimensions and five latent Emotional Disorder symptom dimensions (social anxiety, depression, agoraphobia/panic, obsessions/compulsions, generalized worry), and (c) determine the incremental contribution of emotion regulation in predicting symptom dimensions beyond neuroticism. The best-fitting measurement model of emotion regulation included four dimensions: Problematic Responses, Poor Recognition/Clarity, Negative Thinking, and Emotional Inhibition/Suppression. Although many zero-order associations between the four latent emotion regulation dimensions and five latent symptom dimensions were significant, few associations remained significant in a structural regression model that included neuroticism. Specifically, Negative Thinking and Problematic Responses incrementally predicted depression symptoms, while Emotional Inhibition/Suppression predicted both social anxiety and depression symptoms. Associations between neuroticism and the Emotional Disorder dimensions were similar regardless of whether the emotion regulation dimensions were held constant. These results suggest that self-reported emotion regulation dimensions are associated with the severity and expression of a range of Emotional Disorder symptoms, but that some emotion regulation dimensions have limited incremental validity after accounting for general Emotional reactivity. Studies of emotion regulation should assess neuroticism as a key covariate.
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temporal course and structural relationships among dimensions of temperament and dsm iv anxiety and mood Disorder constructs
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2007Co-Authors: Timothy A BrownAbstract:The temporal stability and directional relations among dimensions of temperament (e.g., neuroticism) and selected Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM–IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) Disorder constructs (depression, generalized anxiety Disorder, social phobia) were examined in 606 outpatients with anxiety and mood Disorders, assessed on 3 occasions over a 2-year period. Neuroticism/behavioral inhibition (N/BI) and behavioral activation/positive affect (BA/P) accounted for the cross-sectional covariance of the DSM–IV constructs. Although N/BI evidenced the most change of the constructs examined, initial levels of N/BI predicted less improvement in 2 of the 3 Disorder constructs. Unlike the DSM–IV Disorder constructs, the temporal stability of N/BI increased as a function of initial severity. Moreover, N/BI explained all the temporal covariation of the DSM–IV Disorder constructs. The results are discussed in regard to conceptual models of temperament that define N/BI and BA/P as higher order dimensions accounting for the course and covariation of Emotional Disorder psychopathology.
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structural relationships among dimensions of the dsm iv anxiety and mood Disorders and dimensions of negative affect positive affect and autonomic arousal
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Timothy A Brown, Bruce F Chorpita, David H BarlowAbstract:Using outpatients with anxiety and mood Disorders (N = 350), Ihe authors tested several models of the structural relationships of dimensions of key features of selected Emotional Disorders and dimensions of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Results supported the discriminant validity of the 5 symptom domains examined (mood Disorders; generalized anxiety Disorder, GAD; panic Disorder; obsessive-compulsive Disorder; social phobia). Of various structural models evaluated, the best fitting involved a structure consistent with the tripartite model (e.g., the higher order factors, negative affect and positive affect, influenced Emotional Disorder factors in the expected manner). The latent factor, GAD, influenced the latent factor, autonomic arousal, in a direction consistent with recent laboratory findings (autonomic suppression). Findings are discussed in the context of the growing literature on higher order trait dimensions (e.g., negative affect) that may be of considerable importance to the understanding of the pathogenesis, course, and co-occurrence of Emotional Disorders.
Tamsin Ford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the longitudinal relationship between child Emotional Disorder and parental mental health in the british child and adolescent mental health surveys 1999 and 2004
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021Co-Authors: Kath Wilkinson, Oc Ukoumunne, Susan Ball, Siobhan B Mitchell, Heather Omahen, Maria Tejerinaarreal, Rachel Hayes, Vashti Louise Berry, I Petrie, Tamsin FordAbstract:Abstract Background Research suggests parental psychopathology has an adverse effect on child mental health. However, due to the interactional nature of parent-child relationships and with a high rate of Emotional Disorders reported in school-age children, it is important to know whether the effect is reciprocal. Methods We explored the longitudinal relationship between child and parent mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (N=7,100 child-parent dyads) and their three-year follow-ups. The Development and Well-Being Assessment with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria was used to measure child psychiatric diagnoses, while parental mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between child Emotional Disorder and parent mental health. Results Parents of children who had an Emotional Disorder at baseline were more likely to have poor mental health three years later compared with parents whose children had no psychiatric diagnosis (33.3% versus 16.7%; crude odds ratio=2.52; adjusted odds ratio=2.19, 95% CI=1.58 to 3.05, p Limitations The findings of this research are limited by the survey data collected, the measures used and survey dropout. Conclusions We detected a bi-directional relationship between child and parent mental health, suggesting that effective intervention for one individual may benefit other family members.
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economic impact of childhood psychiatric Disorder on public sector services in britain estimates from national survey data
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Tom Snell, Howard Meltzer, Martin Knapp, Andrew Healey, Sacha Guglani, Sara Evanslacko, Joseluis Fernandez, Tamsin FordAbstract:BACKGROUND: Approximately one in ten children aged 5-15 in Britain has a conduct, hyperactivity or Emotional Disorder. METHODS: The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (BCAMHS) identified children aged 5-15 with a psychiatric Disorder, and their use of health, education and social care services. Service costs were estimated for each child and weighted to estimate the overall economic impact at national level. RESULTS: Additional health, social care and education costs associated with child psychiatric Disorders totalled £1.47bn in 2008. The lion's share of the costs falls to frontline education and special education services. CONCLUSIONS: There are huge costs to the public sector associated with child psychiatric Disorder, particularly the education system. There is a pressing need to explore ways to reduce these costs while improving health and well-being. Language: en
Oc Ukoumunne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the longitudinal relationship between child Emotional Disorder and parental mental health in the british child and adolescent mental health surveys 1999 and 2004
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2021Co-Authors: Kath Wilkinson, Oc Ukoumunne, Susan Ball, Siobhan B Mitchell, Heather Omahen, Maria Tejerinaarreal, Rachel Hayes, Vashti Louise Berry, I Petrie, Tamsin FordAbstract:Abstract Background Research suggests parental psychopathology has an adverse effect on child mental health. However, due to the interactional nature of parent-child relationships and with a high rate of Emotional Disorders reported in school-age children, it is important to know whether the effect is reciprocal. Methods We explored the longitudinal relationship between child and parent mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (N=7,100 child-parent dyads) and their three-year follow-ups. The Development and Well-Being Assessment with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria was used to measure child psychiatric diagnoses, while parental mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between child Emotional Disorder and parent mental health. Results Parents of children who had an Emotional Disorder at baseline were more likely to have poor mental health three years later compared with parents whose children had no psychiatric diagnosis (33.3% versus 16.7%; crude odds ratio=2.52; adjusted odds ratio=2.19, 95% CI=1.58 to 3.05, p Limitations The findings of this research are limited by the survey data collected, the measures used and survey dropout. Conclusions We detected a bi-directional relationship between child and parent mental health, suggesting that effective intervention for one individual may benefit other family members.
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The longitudinal relationship between child Emotional Disorder and parental mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health surveys 1999 and 2004
'Elsevier BV', 2021Co-Authors: Wilkinson K, Oc Ukoumunne, Ball S, Sb Mitchell, Ha O'mahen, Tejerina-arreal M, Hayes R, Ford TAbstract:This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordBackground: Research suggests parental psychopathology has an adverse effect on child mental health. However, due to the interactional nature of parent-child relationships and with a high rate of Emotional Disorders reported in school-age children, it is important to know whether the effect is reciprocal. Methods: We explored the longitudinal relationship between child and parent mental health in the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (N=7,100 child-parent dyads) and their threeyear follow-ups. The Development and Well-Being Assessment with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria was used to measure child psychiatric diagnoses, while parental mental health was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the longitudinal association between child Emotional Disorder and parent mental health. Results: Parents of children who had an Emotional Disorder at baseline were more likely to have poor mental health three years later compared with parents whose children had no psychiatric diagnosis (33.3% versus 16.7%; crude odds ratio=2.52; adjusted odds ratio=2.19, 95% CI=1.58 to 3.05, p
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Emotional Disorder and absence from school: findings from the 2004 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Finning K, Ford T, Da Moore, Oc UkoumunneAbstract:Emotional Disorder may be associated with absence from school, but the existing evidence is methodologically weak. We studied the relationships between anxiety, depression and Emotional difficulties, and school absence (total, authorised and unauthorised) using data from the 2004 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey (BCAMHS). The BCAMHS was a cross-sectional, community survey of 7977 5- to 16-year-olds. Emotional Disorder was assessed using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA), and Emotional difficulties using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) completed by teachers and parents. Teachers reported days absent in the previous school term. Multivariable negative binomial regression was used to examine the impact of Emotional Disorder and difficulties on absence. Age, gender and general health were explored as moderators. Anxiety, depression and Emotional difficulties were associated with higher rates of all types of absence [rate ratios for total absence: anxiety 1.69 (1.39-2.06) p
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The association between child and adolescent Emotional Disorder and poor attendance at school: a systematic review protocol.
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2017Co-Authors: Finning K, Oc Ukoumunne, Moore D, Danielsson-waters E, Ford TAbstract:This is the final version of the article. Available from BioMed Central via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Anxiety and depression are common in young people and are associated with a range of adverse outcomes. Research has suggested a relationship between Emotional Disorder and poor school attendance, and thus poor attendance may serve as a red flag for children at risk of Emotional Disorder. This systematic review aims to investigate the association between child and adolescent Emotional Disorder and poor attendance at school. METHODS: We will search electronic databases from a variety of disciplines including medicine, psychology, education and social sciences, as well as sources of grey literature, to identify any quantitative studies that investigate the relationship between Emotional Disorder and school attendance. Emotional Disorder may refer to diagnoses of mood or anxiety Disorders using standardised diagnostic measures, or measures of depression, anxiety or "internalising symptoms" using a continuous scale. Definitions for school non-attendance vary, and we aim to include any relevant terminology, including attendance, non-attendance, school refusal, school phobia, absenteeism and truancy. Two independent reviewers will screen identified papers and extract data from included studies. We will assess the risk of bias of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random effects meta-analysis will be used to pool quantitative findings when studies use the same measure of association, otherwise a narrative synthesis approach will be used. DISCUSSION: This systematic review will provide a detailed synthesis of evidence regarding the relationship between childhood Emotional Disorder and poor attendance at school. Understanding this relationship has the potential to assist in the development of strategies to improve the identification of and intervention for this vulnerable group. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42016052961.This research is being carried out as part of a PhD studentship funded by the University of Exeter Medical School
Peter T. Pacik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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understanding and treating vaginismus a multimodal approach
International Urogynecology Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Peter T. PacikAbstract:This clinical opinion was written to bring attention to the understanding and treatment of vaginismus, a condition that is often under diagnosed and therefore inadequately treated, yet affects millions of women worldwide. Despite its description more than a century ago, vaginismus is rarely taught in medical school, residency training, and medical meetings. The DSM 5 classification stresses that vaginismus is a penetration Disorder in that any form of vaginal penetration such as tampons, finger, vaginal dilators, gynecological examinations, and intercourse is often painful or impossible. Compared with other sexual pain Disorders such as vulvodynia and vestibulodynia, the treatment of vaginismus has the potential for a high rate of success. Stratifying the severity of vaginismus allows the clinician to choose among numerous treatment options and to better understand what the patient is experiencing. Vaginismus is both a physical and an Emotional Disorder. In the more severe cases of vaginismus women (and men) complain that attempted intercourse is like "hitting a wall" suggestive of spasm at the level of the introitus. The Emotional fallout resulting from this needs to be addressed in any form of treatment applied. This article is based on lessons learned in the treatment of more than 250 patients and evaluation of more than 400 inquiries, and was written to make vaginismus more widely understood, to aid in the differential diagnosis of sexual pain, suggest a variety of effective treatments, and explain how Botox can be used as part of a multimodal treatment program to treat vaginismus. With greater awareness among clinicians it is hoped that medical schools, residency programs, and medical meetings will begin teaching the understanding and treatment of vaginismus.
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understanding and treating vaginismus a multimodal approach
International Urogynecology Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Peter T. PacikAbstract:Introduction and hypothesis This clinical opinion was written to bring attention to the understanding and treatment of vaginismus, a condition that is often under diagnosed and therefore inadequately treated, yet affects millions of women worldwide. Despite its description more than a century ago, vaginismus is rarely taught in medical school, residency training, and medical meetings. The DSM 5 classification stresses that vaginismus is a penetration Disorder in that any form of vaginal penetration such as tampons, finger, vaginal dilators, gynecological examinations, and intercourse is often painful or impossible. Compared with other sexual pain Disorders such as vulvodynia and vestibulodynia, the treatment of vaginismus has the potential for a high rate of success. Stratifying the severity of vaginismus allows the clinician to choose among numerous treatment options and to better understand what the patient is experiencing. Vaginismus is both a physical and an Emotional Disorder. In the more severe cases of vaginismus women (and men) complain that attempted intercourse is like "hitting a wall" suggestive of spasm at the level of the introitus. The Emotional fallout resulting from this needs to be addressed in any form of treatment applied.
David H Barlow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of a unified protocol for the treatment of Emotional Disorders in youth
Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 2009Co-Authors: Jill T Ehrenreich, Clark R Goldstein, Lauren R Wright, David H BarlowAbstract:This paper reviews the development and initial trial of a treatment for adolescents that targets negative Emotionality and associated psychological difficulties, particularly anxiety and depressive Disorders, as a more singular entity by utilizing an approach rooted in both emotion science and theory. The rationale for such an approach is based upon the perceived need for novel treatment approaches that target commonalities in Emotional Disorder symptom presentation and their intervention. Utilizing the Unified Protocol for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders originally developed for adults (Barlow, Allen & Choate, 2004), we conducted a multiple-baseline design study of a slightly modified version of this protocol with three adolescents presenting an array of anxiety and depression symptoms. Adolescent participants in this preliminary investigation evidenced symptom reductions across Disorders at post-treatment, with greater improvements noted at a six-month follow-up. Based on these findings and research regarding the association between emotion science and developmental psychopathology, we detail a more extensive set of modifications to the protocol, undertaken in preparation for a subsequent open-trial investigation of the revised treatment.
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structural relationships among dimensions of the dsm iv anxiety and mood Disorders and dimensions of negative affect positive affect and autonomic arousal
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1998Co-Authors: Timothy A Brown, Bruce F Chorpita, David H BarlowAbstract:Using outpatients with anxiety and mood Disorders (N = 350), Ihe authors tested several models of the structural relationships of dimensions of key features of selected Emotional Disorders and dimensions of the tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Results supported the discriminant validity of the 5 symptom domains examined (mood Disorders; generalized anxiety Disorder, GAD; panic Disorder; obsessive-compulsive Disorder; social phobia). Of various structural models evaluated, the best fitting involved a structure consistent with the tripartite model (e.g., the higher order factors, negative affect and positive affect, influenced Emotional Disorder factors in the expected manner). The latent factor, GAD, influenced the latent factor, autonomic arousal, in a direction consistent with recent laboratory findings (autonomic suppression). Findings are discussed in the context of the growing literature on higher order trait dimensions (e.g., negative affect) that may be of considerable importance to the understanding of the pathogenesis, course, and co-occurrence of Emotional Disorders.