The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Kuppens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Different Aspects of the Neural Response to Socio-Emotional Events Are Related to Instability and Inertia of Emotional Experience in Daily Life: An fMRI-ESM Study
Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2018Co-Authors: Julian Provenzano, Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen, Philippe Verduyn, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Philippe Fossati, Peter KuppensAbstract:Emotions are fundamentally temporal processes that dynamically change over time. This temporal nature is inherently involved in making emotions adaptive by guiding interactions with our environment. Both the size of Emotional changes across time (i.e., Emotional Instability) and the tendency of emotions to persist across time (i.e., autocorrelation of Emotional experience, Emotional inertia) are key features of a person's emotion dynamics, and have been found central to maladaptive functioning and psychopathology as well as linked to social functioning. However, whether different (neural) mechanisms are underlying these dynamics as well as how they are related to the processing of (socio-) Emotional information is to date widely unknown. Using a combination of Experience Sampling methods (ESMs) and fMRI (involving a social feedback paradigm), we examine how Emotional Instability and inertia in everyday life are associated with different aspects of the neural response to socio-Emotional events. The findings indicate that while Emotional Instability is connected to the response of the core salience network (SN), Emotional inertia is associated to responses in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC). This is the first study showing that different aspects of the neural response to socio-Emotional events are associated with different aspects of the temporal dynamics of emotion in real life.
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Emotional switching in borderline personality disorder: A daily life study.
Personality disorders, 2015Co-Authors: Marlies Houben, Kristof Vansteelandt, Laurence Claes, Pascal Sienaert, Ann Berens, Ellen Sleuwaegen, Peter KuppensAbstract:Despite large efforts to understand Emotional Instability in borderline personality disorder (BPD), it is still unclear exactly how this is manifested in the daily lives of people suffering from the disorder. Building on theoretical and clinical observations of BPD, we propose that the Emotional Instability in BPD particularly consists of the occurrence of strong changes between positive and negative Emotional states from 1 moment to the next, labeled Emotional switching. We tested this proposal by means of an experience sampling study in which 30 BPD patients and 28 healthy controls reported in their daily lives the level of pleasantness/unpleasantness of their Emotional states 10 times a day for 8 consecutive days using handheld palmtops. Results showed that although BPD patients did not differ from healthy controls regarding their overall tendency to switch from a positive to a negative Emotional state or vice versa, the size of such changes between positive and negative states was found to be significantly larger in BPD patients. In contrast, the magnitude of Emotional changes that remained within the negative Emotional range or positive Emotional range was not particularly larger for BPD patients compared with healthy participants. These findings imply that the Emotional Instability in BPD is particularly characterized by larger changes from positive to negative states and vice versa, rather than overall larger changes in intensity, providing insight into possible processes underlying emotion dysfunction in BPD.
Nadia Micali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emotional Instability as a trait risk factor for eating disorder behaviors in adolescents: Sex differences in a large-scale prospective study.
Psychological medicine, 2019Co-Authors: Melanie Brown, Ayelet Hochman, Nadia MicaliAbstract:BACKGROUND Temperament and personality traits, including negative Emotionality/neuroticism, may represent risk factors for eating disorders. Further, risk factors may differ by sex. We examined longitudinal temperament/personality pathways of risk for purging and binge eating in youth stratified by sex using data from a large-scale prospective study. METHODS Temperament, borderline personality features, sensation seeking, 'big five' personality factors, and depressive symptoms were measured at five time points from early childhood to adolescence in 5812 adolescents (3215 females; 2597 males) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We conducted univariate analyses with these predictors of binge eating and purging at 14 and 16 years for total and sex-stratified samples. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to fit data to a path analysis model of hypothesized associations. RESULTS Of the total sample, 12.54% engaged in binge eating and 7.05% in purging by 16 years. Prevalence was much greater and increased dramatically for females from 14 years (7.50% binge eating; 2.40% purging) to 16 years (15.80% binge eating; 9.50% purging). For both sexes, borderline personality, depressive symptoms and lower Emotional stability predicted eating disorder behaviors; sensation seeking and conscientiousness were also significant predictors for females. SEM identified an 'Emotional Instability' pathway for females from early childhood into adolescence (RMSEA = 0.025, TLI = 0.937 and CFI = 0.970). CONCLUSIONS Binge eating and purging are common in female and male adolescents. Early temperament/personality factors related to difficulty regulating emotions were predictive of later adolescent eating disorder behaviors. Results have important clinical implications for eating disorder prevention and intervention.
Fiona Subotsky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Women, Health and the Mind
British Journal of Psychiatry, 2002Co-Authors: Fiona SubotskyAbstract:To Henry Maudsley, in the 1870s, it seemed that the novel American approach to education for women was probably to blame for an inability of American mothers to nurse their children and for their increasing Emotional Instability. ‘There is sex in mind’, he remarked, ‘as distinctly as sex in
Carl W. Lejuez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temperamental and Environmental Risk Factors for Borderline Personality Disorder Among Inner-City Substance Users in Residential Treatment
Journal of personality disorders, 2006Co-Authors: Marina A. Bornovalova, Kim L. Gratz, Ayesha Delany-brumsey, Autumn Paulson, Carl W. LejuezAbstract:Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is widely considered the result of biological vulnerability and environmental adversity. Despite growing evidence for the role of several temperamental and environmental risk factors in the development of BPD, the unique contribution of each to the development of this disorder remains unclear. Furthermore, the extent to which these factors are associated with BPD among underserved and diverse populations is unknown. The current study examined the temperamental and environmental factors uniquely associated with BPD among a sample of 93 inner-city individuals receiving residential substance use treatment. Results indicate that BPD was associated with higher impulsivity and Emotional Instability/vulnerability, lower well-being, and several interpersonal manifestations of positive and negative temperament (i.e., greater alienation and lower achievement and social closeness). BPD was also associated with several forms of childhood maltreatment, including Emotional and physical abuse and neglect. However, only Emotional Instability or vulnerability, impulsivity, and Emotional abuse emerged as unique predictors of BPD status.
Predrag Petrovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Vulnerability in Executive Functions to Sleep Deprivation Is Predicted by Subclinical Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2020Co-Authors: Orestis Floros, John Axelsson, Rita Almeida, Lars Tigerström, Mats Lekander, Tina Sundelin, Predrag PetrovicAbstract:Abstract Background Sleep loss results in state Instability of cognitive functioning. It is not known whether this effect is more expressed when there is an increased cognitive demand. Moreover, while vulnerability to sleep loss varies substantially among individuals, it is not known why some people are more affected than others. We hypothesized that top-down regulation was specifically affected by sleep loss and that subclinical inattention and Emotional Instability traits, related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, predict this vulnerability in executive function and emotion regulation, respectively. Methods Healthy subjects (ages 17–45 years) rated trait inattention and Emotional Instability before being randomized to either a night of normal sleep (n = 86) or total sleep deprivation (n = 87). Thereafter, they performed a neutral and Emotional computerized Stroop task, involving words and faces. Performance was characterized primarily by cognitive conflict reaction time and reaction time variability (RTV), mirroring conflict cost in top-down regulation. Results Sleep loss led to increased cognitive conflict RTV. Moreover, a higher level of inattention predicted increased cognitive conflict RTV in the neutral Stroop task after sleep deprivation (r = .30, p = .0055) but not after normal sleep (r = .055, p = .65; interaction effect β = 6.19, p = .065). This association remained after controlling for cognitive conflict reaction time and Emotional Instability, suggesting domain specificity. Correspondingly, Emotional Instability predicted cognitive conflict RTV for the Emotional Stroop task only after sleep deprivation, although this effect was nonsignificant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Conclusions Our findings suggest that sleep deprivation affects cognitive conflict variability and that less stable performance in executive functioning may surface after sleep loss in vulnerable individuals characterized by subclinical symptoms of inattention.
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Emotional Instability Relates to Ventral Striatum Activity During Reward Anticipation in Females.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Frida Bayard, Christoph Abé, Nathalie Wrobel, Martin Ingvar, Eva Henje, Predrag PetrovicAbstract:Both non-Emotional symptoms, such as inattention, and symptoms of Emotional Instability (EI) are partially co-varying and normally distributed in the general population. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which is associated with both inattention and Emotional Instability, has been related to lower reward anticipation activation in the ventral striatum. However, it is not known whether non-Emotional dysregulation, such as inattention, or EI-or both-are associated with this effect. We hypothesized that altered reward processing relates specifically to EI. To test this, 29 healthy participants were recruited to this functional MRI study (n = 15 females). Reward processing was studied using a modified version of the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task. Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scales questionnaire was used to assess EI and inattention symptoms on a trait level. We observed less ventral striatal activation during reward anticipation related to the EI trait in females, also when controlling for the inattention trait, but not in the whole sample or males only. Our study suggests the existence of sex differences in the relationship between reward processing and EI/inattention traits.
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Neurobiological aspects of personality disorders and Emotional Instability
Lakartidningen, 2016Co-Authors: Predrag PetrovicAbstract:Neurobiological aspects of personality disorders and Emotional Instability ADHD and mental disorders encompassing Emotional Instability such as Emotionally unstable personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder can potentially be explained by a suboptimal regulation of information processing in the brain. ADHD involves suboptimal function of non-Emotional attentional regulatory processes and Emotional Instability involves suboptimal Emotional regulation. A network including prefrontal areas, anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia and specific neuromodulatory systems such as the dopamine system are dysfunctional in both ADHD and Emotional Instability. One might suggest that a dimensional view better describes these mental states than categorical diagnoses.
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Top-Down Dysregulation-From ADHD to Emotional Instability.
Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Predrag Petrovic, F. Xavier CastellanosAbstract:Deficient cognitive top-down executive control has long been hypothesized to underlie inattention and impulsivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, top-down cognitive dysfunction explains a modest proportion of the ADHD phenotype whereas the salience of Emotional dysregulation is being noted increasingly. Together, these two types of dysfunction have the potential to account for more of the phenotypic variance in patients diagnosed with ADHD. We develop this idea and suggest that top-down dysregulation constitutes a gradient extending from mostly non-Emotional top-down control processes (i.e., "cool" executive functions) to mainly Emotional regulatory processes (including "hot" executive functions). While ADHD has been classically linked primarily to the former, conditions involving Emotional Instability such as borderline and antisocial personality disorder are closer to the other. In this model, Emotional subtypes of ADHD are located at intermediate levels of this gradient. Neuroanatomically, gradations in "cool" processing appear to be related to prefrontal dysfunction involving dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC), while "hot" processing entails orbitofrontal cortex and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). A similar distinction between systems related to non-Emotional and Emotional processing appears to hold for the basal ganglia (BG) and the neuromodulatory effects of the dopamine system. Overall we suggest that these two systems could be divided according to whether they process non-Emotional information related to the exteroceptive environment (associated with "cool" regulatory circuits) or Emotional information related to the interoceptive environment (associated with "hot" regulatory circuits). We propose that this framework can integrate ADHD, Emotional traits in ADHD, borderline and antisocial personality disorder into a related cluster of mental conditions.