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Ahmad R Hariri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • blunted ventral striatum development in adolescence reflects Emotional Neglect and predicts depressive symptoms
    Biological Psychiatry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jamie L Hanson, Ahmad R Hariri, Douglas E Williamson
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Emotional Neglect is associated with multiple negative outcomes, particularly increased risk for depression. Motivated by increasing evidence of reward-related ventral striatum (VS) dysfunction in depression, we investigated the role of developmental changes in VS activity on the emergence of depressive symptomatology as a function of Emotional Neglect. METHODS: We examined relationships between longitudinal neuroimaging of reward-related VS activity, assessments of mood, and measures of Emotional Neglect in 106 participants first scanned between ages 11 to 15 and then 2 years later. RESULTS: We found that greater levels of Emotional Neglect were associated with blunted development of rewardrelated VS activity between the first and second assessments (as indexed by lower residualized change scores). Additionally, we found that decreases in this reward-related VS activity were related to greater depressive symptomatology and partially mediated the association between Emotional Neglect and subsequent depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide an important demonstration that blunted development of reward-related VS activity as a function of Emotional Neglect predicts the emergence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Further, our results are consistent with emerging evidence for the importance of reward-related VS dysfunction in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. These results are a first step toward developing the ability to predict, prevent, and treat stress-related psychopathology through the targeting of specific neural phenotypes.

  • fkbp5 and Emotional Neglect interact to predict individual differences in amygdala reactivity
    Genes Brain and Behavior, 2012
    Co-Authors: Michael White, Douglas E Williamson, Ryan Bogdan, Patrick M Fisher, Karen E Munoz, Ahmad R Hariri
    Abstract:

    Individual variation in physiological responsiveness to stress mediates risk for mental illness and is influenced by both experiential and genetic factors. Common polymorphisms in the human gene for FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5), which is involved in transcriptional regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, have been shown to interact with childhood abuse and trauma to predict stress-related psychopathology. In the current study, we examined if such gene–environment interaction effects may be related to variability in the threat-related reactivity of the amygdala, which plays a critical role in mediating physiological and behavioral adaptations to stress including modulation of the HPA axis. To this end, 139 healthy Caucasian youth completed a blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging probe of amygdala reactivity and self-report assessments of Emotional Neglect (EN) and other forms of maltreatment. These individuals were genotyped for 6 FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs7748266, rs1360780, rs9296158, rs3800373, rs9470080 and rs9394309) previously associated with psychopathology and/or HPA axis function. Interactions between each SNP and EN emerged such that risk alleles predicted relatively increased dorsal amygdala reactivity in the context of higher EN, even after correcting for multiple testing. Two different haplotype analyses confirmed this relationship as haplotypes with risk alleles also exhibited increased amygdala reactivity in the context of higher EN. Our results suggest that increased threat-related amygdala reactivity may represent a mechanism linking psychopathology to interactions between common genetic variants affecting HPA axis function and childhood trauma.

  • mineralocorticoid receptor iso val rs5522 genotype moderates the association between previous childhood Emotional Neglect and amygdala reactivity
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ryan Bogdan, Ahmad R Hariri, Douglas E Williamson
    Abstract:

    Objective:The amygdala is especially reactive to threatening stimuli, and the degree of reactivity predicts individual differences in the expression of depression and anxiety. Emerging research suggests that Emotional Neglect during childhood as well as hypercortisolemia may lead to heightened threat-related amygdala reactivity. This raises the possibility that genetic variation affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function contributes to individual differences in amygdala reactivity, both independently and as a function of childhood Emotional Neglect. Method:This study assessed whether the mineralocorticoid receptor iso/val polymorphism (rs5522), a functional genetic variant affecting HPA axis function, influenced threat-related amygdala reactivity in 279 individuals in late childhood and early adolescence. The study also explored the extent to which any effects of the genotype on amygdala reactivity were contingent upon previous childhood Emotional Neglect. Results:Prior childhood emotion...

  • Mineralocorticoid receptor Iso/Val (rs5522) genotype moderates the association between previous childhood Emotional Neglect and amygdala reactivity.
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ryan Bogdan, Douglas E Williamson, Ahmad R Hariri
    Abstract:

    Objective:The amygdala is especially reactive to threatening stimuli, and the degree of reactivity predicts individual differences in the expression of depression and anxiety. Emerging research suggests that Emotional Neglect during childhood as well as hypercortisolemia may lead to heightened threat-related amygdala reactivity. This raises the possibility that genetic variation affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function contributes to individual differences in amygdala reactivity, both independently and as a function of childhood Emotional Neglect. Method:This study assessed whether the mineralocorticoid receptor iso/val polymorphism (rs5522), a functional genetic variant affecting HPA axis function, influenced threat-related amygdala reactivity in 279 individuals in late childhood and early adolescence. The study also explored the extent to which any effects of the genotype on amygdala reactivity were contingent upon previous childhood Emotional Neglect. Results:Prior childhood emotion...

Nel Draijer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an Emotional Neglect personality disorder approach quantifying a dimensional transdiagnostic model of trauma related and personality disorders
    Journal of Personality Disorders, 2020
    Co-Authors: Marleen Wildschut, Sanne Swart, Willemien Langeland, Jan Smit, Nel Draijer
    Abstract:

    : Are personality disorders (PDs) associated with Emotional Neglect? Draijer (2003) developed a dimensional model of trauma-related disorders and PD. The first dimension consists of the severity of the trauma endured. The second dimension consists of Emotional Neglect, which is assumed to be related primarily to personality pathology. In this article, we investigate whether an association between retrospective reports of Emotional Neglect and the presence and severity of PD exists. A sample of 150 patients was systematically assessed. Results indicate that there is little evidence to support a link between Emotional Neglect and problematic personality functioning at the disorder level; however, there might be a link between Emotional Neglect and problematic personality functioning in a dimensional way. Findings indicate a relationship between lack of parental warmth and problematic personality functioning, supporting the existence of the Emotional Neglect-axis of the proposed model in a dimensional framework of viewing personality pathology.

  • profiling psychopathology of patients reporting early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect support for a two dimensional model
    Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marleen Wildschut, Sanne Swart, Willemien Langeland, Jan Smit, Adriaan W Hoogendoorn, Nel Draijer
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: Profiling patients who report early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect may be useful for treatment planning. This study attempts to quantify a two-dimensional "trauma-Neglect model" (Draijer, 2003) proposed to distinguish clinical profiles in terms of trauma-related, dissociative, and personality pathology. METHOD: A sample of patients referred to a trauma program (n = 49) and a personality disorders program (n = 101) was extensively assessed. Cluster analysis was used to discriminate patients in terms of "psychiatric disease burden," based on symptom severity scores, type of disorder, and level of maladaptive personality functioning. Clusters that differed in psychiatric disease burden were mapped in the trauma-Neglect space and their positions were evaluated. RESULTS: We found three clusters and labeled them as "mildly impaired" (26% of patients), "moderately impaired" (43% of patients), and "severely impaired" (31% of patients). The mean scores on trauma and Neglect for the mild and severe groups differed significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that further investigation of the validity of the model, which may be used to plan treatment, is useful. Patients experiencing a wide range of trauma-related disorders, dissociative disorders (DD), and personality disorders (PD), combined with a high level of psychiatric symptoms and a maladaptive style of personality functioning, report a range of traumatic experiences in combination with a lack of maternal care, and can be profiled as "severely impaired." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

  • Survivors of early childhood trauma: evaluating a two-dimensional diagnostic model of the impact of trauma and Neglect.
    European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Marleen Wildschut, Willemien Langeland, Jan Smit, Nel Draijer
    Abstract:

    Background: A two-dimensional diagnostic model for (complex) trauma-related and personality disorders has been proposed to assess the severity and prognosis of the impact of early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect. An important question that awaits empirical examination is whether a distinction between trauma-related disorders and personality disorders reflects reality when focusing on survivors of early childhood trauma. And, is a continuum of trauma diagnoses a correct assumption and, if yes, what does it look like? Objective: We describe the design of a cross-sectional cohort study evaluating this two-dimensional model of the impact of trauma and Neglect. To provide the rationale of our study objectives, we review the existing literature on the impact of early childhood trauma and Neglect on trauma-related disorders and personality disorders. Aims of the study are to: (1) quantify the two-dimensional model and test the relation with trauma and Neglect; and (2) compare the two study groups. Method: A total of 200 consecutive patients referred to two specific treatment programs (100 from a personality disorder program and 100 from a trauma-related disorder program) in the north of Holland will be included. Data are collected at the start of treatment. The assessments include all DSM-5 trauma-related and personality disorders, and general psychiatric symptoms, trauma history, and perceived Emotional Neglect. Discussion: The results will provide an evaluation of the model and an improvement of the understanding of the relationship between trauma-related disorders and personality disorders and early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect. This may improve both diagnostic as well as indication procedures. We will discuss possible strengths and limitations of the design. Keywords: trauma-related disorders; personality disorders; early childhood trauma; Emotional Neglect; treatment indication; diagnostics For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under Article Tools). (Published: 4 April 2014) Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014, 5 : 21824 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.21824

Douglas E Williamson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • blunted ventral striatum development in adolescence reflects Emotional Neglect and predicts depressive symptoms
    Biological Psychiatry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jamie L Hanson, Ahmad R Hariri, Douglas E Williamson
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Emotional Neglect is associated with multiple negative outcomes, particularly increased risk for depression. Motivated by increasing evidence of reward-related ventral striatum (VS) dysfunction in depression, we investigated the role of developmental changes in VS activity on the emergence of depressive symptomatology as a function of Emotional Neglect. METHODS: We examined relationships between longitudinal neuroimaging of reward-related VS activity, assessments of mood, and measures of Emotional Neglect in 106 participants first scanned between ages 11 to 15 and then 2 years later. RESULTS: We found that greater levels of Emotional Neglect were associated with blunted development of rewardrelated VS activity between the first and second assessments (as indexed by lower residualized change scores). Additionally, we found that decreases in this reward-related VS activity were related to greater depressive symptomatology and partially mediated the association between Emotional Neglect and subsequent depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide an important demonstration that blunted development of reward-related VS activity as a function of Emotional Neglect predicts the emergence of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Further, our results are consistent with emerging evidence for the importance of reward-related VS dysfunction in the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. These results are a first step toward developing the ability to predict, prevent, and treat stress-related psychopathology through the targeting of specific neural phenotypes.

  • fkbp5 and Emotional Neglect interact to predict individual differences in amygdala reactivity
    Genes Brain and Behavior, 2012
    Co-Authors: Michael White, Douglas E Williamson, Ryan Bogdan, Patrick M Fisher, Karen E Munoz, Ahmad R Hariri
    Abstract:

    Individual variation in physiological responsiveness to stress mediates risk for mental illness and is influenced by both experiential and genetic factors. Common polymorphisms in the human gene for FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5), which is involved in transcriptional regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, have been shown to interact with childhood abuse and trauma to predict stress-related psychopathology. In the current study, we examined if such gene–environment interaction effects may be related to variability in the threat-related reactivity of the amygdala, which plays a critical role in mediating physiological and behavioral adaptations to stress including modulation of the HPA axis. To this end, 139 healthy Caucasian youth completed a blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging probe of amygdala reactivity and self-report assessments of Emotional Neglect (EN) and other forms of maltreatment. These individuals were genotyped for 6 FKBP5 polymorphisms (rs7748266, rs1360780, rs9296158, rs3800373, rs9470080 and rs9394309) previously associated with psychopathology and/or HPA axis function. Interactions between each SNP and EN emerged such that risk alleles predicted relatively increased dorsal amygdala reactivity in the context of higher EN, even after correcting for multiple testing. Two different haplotype analyses confirmed this relationship as haplotypes with risk alleles also exhibited increased amygdala reactivity in the context of higher EN. Our results suggest that increased threat-related amygdala reactivity may represent a mechanism linking psychopathology to interactions between common genetic variants affecting HPA axis function and childhood trauma.

  • mineralocorticoid receptor iso val rs5522 genotype moderates the association between previous childhood Emotional Neglect and amygdala reactivity
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ryan Bogdan, Ahmad R Hariri, Douglas E Williamson
    Abstract:

    Objective:The amygdala is especially reactive to threatening stimuli, and the degree of reactivity predicts individual differences in the expression of depression and anxiety. Emerging research suggests that Emotional Neglect during childhood as well as hypercortisolemia may lead to heightened threat-related amygdala reactivity. This raises the possibility that genetic variation affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function contributes to individual differences in amygdala reactivity, both independently and as a function of childhood Emotional Neglect. Method:This study assessed whether the mineralocorticoid receptor iso/val polymorphism (rs5522), a functional genetic variant affecting HPA axis function, influenced threat-related amygdala reactivity in 279 individuals in late childhood and early adolescence. The study also explored the extent to which any effects of the genotype on amygdala reactivity were contingent upon previous childhood Emotional Neglect. Results:Prior childhood emotion...

  • Mineralocorticoid receptor Iso/Val (rs5522) genotype moderates the association between previous childhood Emotional Neglect and amygdala reactivity.
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ryan Bogdan, Douglas E Williamson, Ahmad R Hariri
    Abstract:

    Objective:The amygdala is especially reactive to threatening stimuli, and the degree of reactivity predicts individual differences in the expression of depression and anxiety. Emerging research suggests that Emotional Neglect during childhood as well as hypercortisolemia may lead to heightened threat-related amygdala reactivity. This raises the possibility that genetic variation affecting hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function contributes to individual differences in amygdala reactivity, both independently and as a function of childhood Emotional Neglect. Method:This study assessed whether the mineralocorticoid receptor iso/val polymorphism (rs5522), a functional genetic variant affecting HPA axis function, influenced threat-related amygdala reactivity in 279 individuals in late childhood and early adolescence. The study also explored the extent to which any effects of the genotype on amygdala reactivity were contingent upon previous childhood Emotional Neglect. Results:Prior childhood emotion...

Marleen Wildschut - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • an Emotional Neglect personality disorder approach quantifying a dimensional transdiagnostic model of trauma related and personality disorders
    Journal of Personality Disorders, 2020
    Co-Authors: Marleen Wildschut, Sanne Swart, Willemien Langeland, Jan Smit, Nel Draijer
    Abstract:

    : Are personality disorders (PDs) associated with Emotional Neglect? Draijer (2003) developed a dimensional model of trauma-related disorders and PD. The first dimension consists of the severity of the trauma endured. The second dimension consists of Emotional Neglect, which is assumed to be related primarily to personality pathology. In this article, we investigate whether an association between retrospective reports of Emotional Neglect and the presence and severity of PD exists. A sample of 150 patients was systematically assessed. Results indicate that there is little evidence to support a link between Emotional Neglect and problematic personality functioning at the disorder level; however, there might be a link between Emotional Neglect and problematic personality functioning in a dimensional way. Findings indicate a relationship between lack of parental warmth and problematic personality functioning, supporting the existence of the Emotional Neglect-axis of the proposed model in a dimensional framework of viewing personality pathology.

  • profiling psychopathology of patients reporting early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect support for a two dimensional model
    Psychological Trauma: Theory Research Practice and Policy, 2019
    Co-Authors: Marleen Wildschut, Sanne Swart, Willemien Langeland, Jan Smit, Adriaan W Hoogendoorn, Nel Draijer
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: Profiling patients who report early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect may be useful for treatment planning. This study attempts to quantify a two-dimensional "trauma-Neglect model" (Draijer, 2003) proposed to distinguish clinical profiles in terms of trauma-related, dissociative, and personality pathology. METHOD: A sample of patients referred to a trauma program (n = 49) and a personality disorders program (n = 101) was extensively assessed. Cluster analysis was used to discriminate patients in terms of "psychiatric disease burden," based on symptom severity scores, type of disorder, and level of maladaptive personality functioning. Clusters that differed in psychiatric disease burden were mapped in the trauma-Neglect space and their positions were evaluated. RESULTS: We found three clusters and labeled them as "mildly impaired" (26% of patients), "moderately impaired" (43% of patients), and "severely impaired" (31% of patients). The mean scores on trauma and Neglect for the mild and severe groups differed significantly. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that further investigation of the validity of the model, which may be used to plan treatment, is useful. Patients experiencing a wide range of trauma-related disorders, dissociative disorders (DD), and personality disorders (PD), combined with a high level of psychiatric symptoms and a maladaptive style of personality functioning, report a range of traumatic experiences in combination with a lack of maternal care, and can be profiled as "severely impaired." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

  • Survivors of early childhood trauma: evaluating a two-dimensional diagnostic model of the impact of trauma and Neglect.
    European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Marleen Wildschut, Willemien Langeland, Jan Smit, Nel Draijer
    Abstract:

    Background: A two-dimensional diagnostic model for (complex) trauma-related and personality disorders has been proposed to assess the severity and prognosis of the impact of early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect. An important question that awaits empirical examination is whether a distinction between trauma-related disorders and personality disorders reflects reality when focusing on survivors of early childhood trauma. And, is a continuum of trauma diagnoses a correct assumption and, if yes, what does it look like? Objective: We describe the design of a cross-sectional cohort study evaluating this two-dimensional model of the impact of trauma and Neglect. To provide the rationale of our study objectives, we review the existing literature on the impact of early childhood trauma and Neglect on trauma-related disorders and personality disorders. Aims of the study are to: (1) quantify the two-dimensional model and test the relation with trauma and Neglect; and (2) compare the two study groups. Method: A total of 200 consecutive patients referred to two specific treatment programs (100 from a personality disorder program and 100 from a trauma-related disorder program) in the north of Holland will be included. Data are collected at the start of treatment. The assessments include all DSM-5 trauma-related and personality disorders, and general psychiatric symptoms, trauma history, and perceived Emotional Neglect. Discussion: The results will provide an evaluation of the model and an improvement of the understanding of the relationship between trauma-related disorders and personality disorders and early childhood trauma and Emotional Neglect. This may improve both diagnostic as well as indication procedures. We will discuss possible strengths and limitations of the design. Keywords: trauma-related disorders; personality disorders; early childhood trauma; Emotional Neglect; treatment indication; diagnostics For the abstract or full text in other languages, please see Supplementary files in the column to the right (under Article Tools). (Published: 4 April 2014) Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014, 5 : 21824 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.21824

Bengu Berkmen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.