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Tormod Naes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The use of spectroscopic measurements from full scale industrial Production to achieve stable End Product Quality
    LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ellen Mosleth Fargestad, Jorun Øyaas, Achim Kohler, Torlaug Berg, Tormod Naes
    Abstract:

    The present study was conducted to investigate different approaches to improve Product Quality in an industrial setting, by utilizing spectroscopic measurements for process optimization where data are obtained directly from full scale Production. The approach taken is to utilise spectroscopic techniques as a fingerprint of uncontrollable raw material variation. The FTIR spectra were used to predict the End Product characteristics along with the process parameters instead of predicting previously defined characteristics of the raw material. The present case under study is from cheese Production aiming for reduced variation in the dry matter content of the final Product. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) are available at the plant, but not fully utilized. The results from the study showed that the FTIR spectra do contain significant information relevant for the End Product characteristics which is not yet utilized, suggesting that FTIR spectra can be used for process optimisation to improve the stability of the Quality. Different strategies to incorporate the spectral data are presented, and the usefulness of full scale Production for process optimisation is discussed. The present study also contains optimisation of the Production based on data modelling of the raw material variation, the process settings and the Product Quality over a long time period.

  • Optimising Production cost and End-Product Quality when raw material Quality is varying
    Journal of Chemometrics, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ingrid Måge, Tormod Naes
    Abstract:

    This paper deals with the optimisation of Production processes in a situation where the raw material varies. The objective is to minimise Production costs for a given raw material Quality, with restrictions on the End-Product Quality. Three important issues are addressed. First, we discuss the collection of data for response surface modelling. In full-scale Production processes it is very difficult to perform large experiments. We show that merging smaller designed experiments can be a good alternative. Second, we illustrate the use of an approach for combining data obtained using an experimental design with spectroscopic raw material measurements in a joint regression model. Finally, we discuss some issues related to robustness and sensitivity in optimisation. We also show how this optimisation can be used as a tool when purchasing raw materials. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • In-Line Process and Product Control Using Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration
    Journal of Quality Technology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Narinder Singh Sahni, Are H. Aastveit, Tormod Naes
    Abstract:

    A case study from the food industry examines the extension of End-Product Quality to incorporate the shelf life of the Product. Examples demonstrate that Product Quality deteriorates as a function of time. The use of in-line spectroscopy is discussed as..

  • Properties of prediction sorting
    Journal of Chemometrics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Ingunn Berget, Tormod Naes
    Abstract:

    One of the major sources of unwanted variation in an industrial process is the raw material Quality. However, if the raw materials are sorted into more homogeneous groups before Production, each group can be treated differently. In this way the raw materials can be better utilized and the stability of the End Product may be improved. Prediction sorting is a methodology for doing this. The procedure is founded on the fuzzy c-means algorithm where the distance in the objective function is based on the predicted End Product Quality. Usually empirical models such as linear regression are used for predicting the End Product Quality. By using simulations and bootstrapping, this paper investigates how the uncertainties connected with empirical models affect the optimization of the splitting and the corresponding process variables. The results indicate that the practical consequences of uncertainties in regression coefficients are small. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • optimal sorting of raw materials based on the predicted End Product Quality
    Quality Engineering, 2002
    Co-Authors: Ingunn Berget, Tormod Naes
    Abstract:

    Raw material variation is one of the most important factors causing unstable End-Product Quality. A methodology for sorting raw materials into homogenous groups with constant and optimized processing within each group is presented. The sorting criterion is based on the squared distance between the predicted response and its target value. The raw materials are split into homogenous categories by a partitioning algorithm related to the fuzzy-c-means algorithm. The method has been tested for raw material properties in one and two dimensions and with different degrees of fuzziness. The method shows good flexibility and can also be used with a penalty function penalizing unfavorable process settings.

Hisashi Tsujimoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • exploration of triticeae seed storage proteins for improvement of wheat End Product Quality
    Breeding Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: Monika Garg, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hisashi Tsujimoto
    Abstract:

    The seed storage proteins (SSPs) of cultivated wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. durum), namely, glutenin and gliadin, impart viscoelastic properties to bread dough, making wheat well suited for bread-making. Extensive studies on wheat SSPs have been carried out and revealed genetic diversity among wheat cultivars. Here, we review the studies of SSPs from more exotic species in the Triticeae tribe, primarily based on our own recent studies. SSPs of barley (Hordeum vulgare), homologous to those in wheat, exhibit quite different properties to wheat SSPs and do not produce viscoelastic dough. However, SSPs of a wild barley species (H. chilense) possess similar characteristics to the proteins of wheat. SSPs of rye (Secale cereale) substituted for wheat SSPs result in inferior Quality. SSPs of Aegilops searsii and Ae. longissima have positive effects on Quality, while Ae. umbellulata and Ae. geniculata (Ug genome) SSPs have a negative effect on bread-making Quality. SSPs located on chromosome 1Mg of Ae. geniculata and a chromosome 1E of Thinopyrum elongatum have positive effects in addition lines but not in substitution lines for chromosome 1D of wheat. In contrast, SSPs of Th. intermedium have positive effects, even in cases of substitution for chromosome 1D of wheat, indicating promising potential for improvement of bread-making Quality of wheat. Based on these results, we discuss the possibilities for utilizing the genetic variation of exotic Triticeae species for breeding improved Quality traits in wheat.

  • agropyron elongatum hmw glutenins have a potential to improve wheat End Product Quality through targeted chromosome introgression
    Journal of Cereal Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: Monika Garg, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Naoyuki Ishikawa, Kanenori Takata, Mikiko Yanaka, Hisashi Tsujimoto
    Abstract:

    After screening of 177 disomic addition lines (DALs) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) containing a pair of chromosomes from different alien species, we found that the chromosome 1E addition line of Agropyron elongatum, that is known to be a potential genetic resource for drought and salinity tolerance, showed potential for improvement of bread-making Quality of wheat. This was indicated by increased SDS sedimentation, specific sedimentation, mixograph peak time and SE-HPLC analysis of polymeric proteins. This addition line spontaneously gave rise to a substitution line for chromosome 1D in subsequent generations that showed weak dough strength. Analysis of the x-type HMW-glutenin subunit sequence of Ag. elongatum from DAL1E indicated that it closely resembled the x-type sequence of the A and B genomes of wheat, and the y-type was intermediate between x- and y-type HMW-glutenin subunit genes. From these observations, it was inferred that 1E-encoded seed storage proteins have considerable potential for improvement of wheat End-Product Quality if transferred to specific chromosomes such as 1A of Chinese Spring (CS) wheat, which has a negative overall effect on bread-making Quality.

Rohit Ramachandran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • real time monitoring of powder blEnd bulk density for coupled feed forward feed back control of a continuous direct compaction tablet manufacturing process
    International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ravendra Singh, Andres D Romanospino, Marianthi G. Ierapetritou, Rodolfo J Romanach, Rohit Ramachandran
    Abstract:

    Abstract The pharmaceutical industry is strictly regulated, where precise and accurate control of the End Product Quality is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the drug Products. For such control, the process and raw materials variability ideally need to be fed-forward in real time into an automatic control system so that a proactive action can be taken before it can affect the End Product Quality. Variations in raw material properties (e.g., particle size), feeder hopper level, amount of lubrication, milling and blEnding action, applied shear in different processing stages can affect the blEnd density significantly and thereby tablet weight, hardness and dissolution. Therefore, real time monitoring of powder bulk density variability and its incorporation into the automatic control system so that its effect can be mitigated proactively and efficiently is highly desired. However, real time monitoring of powder bulk density is still a challenging task because of different level of complexities. In this work, powder bulk density which has a significant effect on the critical Quality attributes (CQA’s) has been monitored in real time in a pilot-plant facility, using a NIR sensor. The sensitivity of the powder bulk density on critical process parameters (CPP’s) and CQA’s has been analyzed and thereby feed-forward controller has been designed. The measured signal can be used for feed-forward control so that the corrective actions on the density variations can be taken before they can influence the Product Quality. The coupled feed-forward/feed-back control system demonstrates improved control performance and improvements in the final Product Quality in the presence of process and raw material variations.

  • Plant-Wide Control of a Continuous Tablet Manufacturing for Quality-By-Design Based Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
    Computer-aided chemical engineering, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ravendra Singh, Marianthi G. Ierapetritou, Fernando J. Muzzio, Rohit Ramachandran
    Abstract:

    Abstract The pharmaceutical industry is strictly regulated, where precise control of the End Product Quality is necessary to ensure the efficiency of the drug Products. In this work, a combined feed-forward/feedback (FF/FB) control system has been developed for a direct compaction continuous tablet manufacturing pilot-plant. The feed-forward controller takes into account the effect of process disturbances and raw material variability proactively while the feedback control system ensures the End Product Quality consistently. The feed-forward control loop is based on real time monitoring of the powder bulk density while the feedback control loops are based on the powder level of instrumented hopper, drug concentration, tablet weight and hardness. Powder blEnd density has significant effects on the End Product Quality of the pharmaceutical tablets and therefore has been selected as the feed-forward variable. The coupled FF/FB control system ensures minimum variability in the final Product Quality irrespective of process and raw material variations.

  • A Combined Feed-Forward/Feed-Back Control System for a QbD-Based Continuous Tablet Manufacturing Process
    Processes, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ravendra Singh, Marianthi G. Ierapetritou, Fernando J. Muzzio, Rohit Ramachandran
    Abstract:

    Continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing together with PAT (Process Analytical Technology) provides a suitable platform for automatic control of the End Product Quality as desired by QbD (Quality by design)-based efficient manufacturing. The precise control of the Quality of the pharmaceutical Product requires corrective actions in the process/raw material variability before Product Quality can be influenced. In this manuscript, a combined feed-forward/feed-back control system has been developed for a direct compaction continuous tablet manufacturing process. The feed-forward controller takes into account the effect of process disturbances proactively while the feed-back control system ensures the End Product Quality consistently. The coupled feed-forward/feed-back control system ensures the minimum variability in the final Product Quality irrespective of process and raw material variations. The performance of the combined control strategy has been evaluated through process simulation and is found to be more effective in comparison with a feed-back only control strategy and, therefore, demonstrates potential to further improve pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing operations.

  • a combined feed forward feed back control system for a qbd based continuous tablet manufacturing process
    Processes, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ravendra Singh, Marianthi G. Ierapetritou, Fernando J. Muzzio, Rohit Ramachandran
    Abstract:

    Continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing together with PAT (Process Analytical Technology) provides a suitable platform for automatic control of the End Product Quality as desired by QbD (Quality by design)-based efficient manufacturing. The precise control of the Quality of the pharmaceutical Product requires corrective actions in the process/raw material variability before Product Quality can be influenced. In this manuscript, a combined feed-forward/feed-back control system has been developed for a direct compaction continuous tablet manufacturing process. The feed-forward controller takes into account the effect of process disturbances proactively while the feed-back control system ensures the End Product Quality consistently. The coupled feed-forward/feed-back control system ensures the minimum variability in the final Product Quality irrespective of process and raw material variations. The performance of the combined control strategy has been evaluated through process simulation and is found to be more effective in comparison with a feed-back only control strategy and, therefore, demonstrates potential to further improve pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing operations.

Jan A Delcour - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • wheat triticum aestivum l and t turgidum l ssp durum kernel hardness ii implications for End Product Quality and role of puroindolines therein
    Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2013
    Co-Authors: Anneleen Pauly, Bram Pareyt, Ellen Fierens, Jan A Delcour
    Abstract:

    Wheat kernel hardness is a major Quality characteristic used in classifying wheat cultivars. Differences in Endosperm texture among Triticum aestivum L. or between T. aestivum and T. turgidum L. ssp. durum cultivars profoundly affect their milling behavior, the properties of the obtained flour or semolina particles, as well as the Quality of Products made thereof. It is now widely accepted that the presence, sequence polymorphism, or absence of the basic and cysteine-rich puroindolines a and b are responsible for differences in Endosperm texture. These proteins show features in vitro, including foaming and lipid-binding properties, which provide them with a potential impact in the Production of wheat-based food Products, where they may improve gas cell stabilization or modulate interactions between starch, proteins, and/or lipids. We here summarize the impact of wheat hardness on milling properties and bread, cookie, cake, and pasta Quality and discuss the role of puroindolines therein.

Jorge Sierra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • End-Product Quality of composts produced under tropical and temperate climates using different raw materials: A meta-analysis
    Journal of Environmental Management, 2016
    Co-Authors: Julie Faverial, Jorge Sierra, Maryline Boval, Daniel Sauvant
    Abstract:

    A meta-analysis on End-Product Quality of 442 composts was performed to assess the effects of climate and raw materials on compost Quality. The analysis was performed using an ANOVA including a mixed model with nested factors (climate, raw material and publication effect). Tropical composts presented lower carbon, nitrogen, potassium and soluble-carbon contents, and higher electrical conductivity. The results suggest that compost Quality in the tropics was affected by weather conditions during composting (e.g. high temperature and rainfall), which induced high losses of carbon and nutrients. For most properties, industrial, sewage sludge and manure-based composts displayed the highest Quality under both climates, while the contrary was found for household and municipal solid waste-based composts. The publication effect represented >50% of total variance, which was mainly due to the heterogeneity of the composting procedures. The meta-analysis was found to be a helpful tool to analyse the imbalanced worldwide database on compost Quality.

  • Multivariate Analysis of the Determinants of the End-Product Quality of Manure-Based Composts and Vermicomposts Using Bayesian Network Modelling
    PLoS ONE, 2016
    Co-Authors: Julie Faverial, Denis Cornet, Jacky Paul, Jorge Sierra
    Abstract:

    Previous studies indicated that the Quality of tropical composts is poorer than that of composts produced in temperate regions. The aim of this study was to test the type of manure, the use of co-composting with green waste, and the stabilization method for their ability to improve compost Quality in the tropics. We produced 68 composts and vermicomposts that were analysed for their C, lignin and NPK contents throughout the composting process. Bayesian networks were used to assess the mechanisms controlling compost Quality. The concentration effect, for C and lignin, and the initial blEnd Quality, for NPK content, were the main factors affecting compost Quality. Cattle manure composts presented the highest C and lignin contents, and poultry litter composts exhibited the highest NPK content. Co-composting improved Quality by enhancing the concentration effect, which reduced the impact of C and nutrient losses. Vermicomposting did not improve compost Quality; co-composting without earthworms thus appears to be a suitable stabilization method under the conditions of this study because it produced high Quality composts and is easier to implement.

  • Composting and vermicomposting of cattle manure and green wastes under tropical conditions: carbon and nutrient balances and End-Product Quality
    Soil Research, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jorge Sierra, Julie Faverial, Lucienne Desfontaines, Gladys Loranger-merciris, Maryline Boval
    Abstract:

    Composting and vermicomposting are interesting options for utilisation in restoration and improvement of weathered and infertile tropical soils. The aim of this study was to assess Quality of composts and vermicomposts produced from cattle manure (CM) and green wastes (GW) blEnded at different ratios under tropical conditions. Chemical, biochemical, and biological indicators were used to identify the role of earthworms and the factors affecting organic matter (OM) stability and nutrient balance in the thermophilic (days 0–65) and stabilisation (days 66–183) phases. Total carbon (C) losses averaged 55% and were greater during vermicomposting and for Products with a high GW content. One-third of C losses occurred during the stabilisation phase. This phase presented a high level of C mineralisation, which would be linked to high ambient temperatures (~30°C). Although OM content was similar for all of the final Products, respiration measurements indicated that OM stability was greater for vermicomposts. These results indicated that humification and OM decomposition occurred simultaneously during vermicomposting. The material source ratio did not affect the OM biodegradability of the final Products. No losses were observed for phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). However, high potassium (K) (45%) and nitrogen (25%) losses were detected and were higher during vermicomposting and for the Products with a high GW content. Final vermicomposts were enriched in P, Ca, and Mg, and slightly depleted in K compared with normal composts. Nitrogen content was similar for both composting methods. Plant response to amEndment addition was higher for intermediate rates of GW and CM (e.g. 40–60% for CM), with no differences between composts and vermicomposts. The results of this study indicated that vermicomposting was a process that favoured OM stabilisation, which is a key factor for the adoption of this practice in the tropics.