The Experts below are selected from a list of 434517 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Surrey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ebs recognize a nucleotide depEndent structural cap at growing microtubule Ends
Cell, 2012Co-Authors: Sebastian P Maurer, Franck J Fourniol, Gergő Bohner, Carolyn A Moores, Thomas SurreyAbstract:Growing microtubule Ends serve as transient binding platforms for essential proteins that regulate microtubule dynamics and their interactions with cellular subStructures. End-binding proteins (EBs) autonomously recognize an extEnded region at growing microtubule Ends with unknown structural characteristics and then recruit other factors to the dynamic End Structure. Using cryo-electron microscopy, subnanometer single-particle reconstruction, and fluorescence imaging, we present a pseudoatomic model of how the calponin homology (CH) domain of the fission yeast EB Mal3 binds to the End regions of growing microtubules. The Mal3 CH domain bridges protofilaments except at the microtubule seam. By binding close to the exchangeable GTP-binding site, the CH domain is ideally positioned to sense the microtubule's nucleotide state. The same microtubule-End region is also a stabilizing structural cap protecting the microtubule from depolymerization. This insight supports a common structural link between two important biological phenomena, microtubule dynamic instability and End tracking.
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gtpgammas microtubules mimic the growing microtubule End Structure recognized by End binding proteins ebs
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011Co-Authors: Sebastian P Maurer, Peter Bieling, Julia Cope, Andreas Hoenger, Thomas SurreyAbstract:Microtubule plus-End-tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to growing microtubule plus Ends to regulate a multitude of essential microtubule functions. End-binding proteins (EBs) form the core of this network by recognizing a distinct structural feature transiently existing in an extEnded region at growing microtubule Ends and by recruiting other +TIPs to this region. The nature of the conformational difference allowing EBs to discriminate between tubulins in this region and other potential tubulin binding sites farther away from the microtubule End is unknown. By combining in vitro reconstitution, multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate here that a closed microtubule B lattice with incorporated GTPγS, a slowly hydrolyzable GTP analog, can mimic the natural EB protein binding site. Our findings indicate that the guanine nucleotide γ-phosphate binding site is crucial for determining the affinity of EBs for lattice-incorporated tubulin. This defines the molecular mechanism by which EBs recognize growing microtubule Ends.
Sebastian P Maurer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ebs recognize a nucleotide depEndent structural cap at growing microtubule Ends
Cell, 2012Co-Authors: Sebastian P Maurer, Franck J Fourniol, Gergő Bohner, Carolyn A Moores, Thomas SurreyAbstract:Growing microtubule Ends serve as transient binding platforms for essential proteins that regulate microtubule dynamics and their interactions with cellular subStructures. End-binding proteins (EBs) autonomously recognize an extEnded region at growing microtubule Ends with unknown structural characteristics and then recruit other factors to the dynamic End Structure. Using cryo-electron microscopy, subnanometer single-particle reconstruction, and fluorescence imaging, we present a pseudoatomic model of how the calponin homology (CH) domain of the fission yeast EB Mal3 binds to the End regions of growing microtubules. The Mal3 CH domain bridges protofilaments except at the microtubule seam. By binding close to the exchangeable GTP-binding site, the CH domain is ideally positioned to sense the microtubule's nucleotide state. The same microtubule-End region is also a stabilizing structural cap protecting the microtubule from depolymerization. This insight supports a common structural link between two important biological phenomena, microtubule dynamic instability and End tracking.
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gtpgammas microtubules mimic the growing microtubule End Structure recognized by End binding proteins ebs
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011Co-Authors: Sebastian P Maurer, Peter Bieling, Julia Cope, Andreas Hoenger, Thomas SurreyAbstract:Microtubule plus-End-tracking proteins (+TIPs) localize to growing microtubule plus Ends to regulate a multitude of essential microtubule functions. End-binding proteins (EBs) form the core of this network by recognizing a distinct structural feature transiently existing in an extEnded region at growing microtubule Ends and by recruiting other +TIPs to this region. The nature of the conformational difference allowing EBs to discriminate between tubulins in this region and other potential tubulin binding sites farther away from the microtubule End is unknown. By combining in vitro reconstitution, multicolor total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy, we demonstrate here that a closed microtubule B lattice with incorporated GTPγS, a slowly hydrolyzable GTP analog, can mimic the natural EB protein binding site. Our findings indicate that the guanine nucleotide γ-phosphate binding site is crucial for determining the affinity of EBs for lattice-incorporated tubulin. This defines the molecular mechanism by which EBs recognize growing microtubule Ends.
Feng Xiong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lightweight optimization of the front End Structure of an automobile body using entropy based grey relational analysis
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: Feng Xiong, Dengfeng WangAbstract:This study deals with the multi-objective lightweight optimization of the front End Structure of an automobile body, as the main assembly to withstand impact force and protect occupants from injuri...
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Structure material integrated multi objective lightweight design of the front End Structure of automobile body
Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2018Co-Authors: Feng Xiong, Dengfeng Wang, Shuming ChenAbstract:This paper proposes a hybrid method combining the Contribution Analysis Method, the Radial Basis Function Neutral Network (RBFNN)-Response Surface Method (RSM) hybrid surrogate modeling method, the Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), used for Structure-material integrated multi-objective lightweight design of the front End Structure of an automobile body. First, Contribution Analysis Method provides an effective approach to determine the final parts for lightweight design, and fourteen thickness variables and thirteen material variables are finally selected. Second, RBFNN-RSM hybrid surrogate modeling method successfully constructs the mapping between the input thickness-material variables and the output lightweight controlling quotas of the automobile body. Third, the MOPSO solves the multi-objective lightweight design process, considering the total mass and the torsional stiffness of the automobile body, the maximum impact acceleration at lower End of the B-pillar and the total material cost of the selected design parts as four conflicting objective functions. Accordingly, a set of Pareto-optimal solutions are obtained. Finally, a decision-making procedure based on TOPSIS method ranks all these Pareto-optimal solutions from the best to the worst for determining the best compromise solution. In addition, the proposed lightweight design method is demonstrated by the comparison among the baseline design, the actual experiment and the optimal design. The results show that the automobile body is lightweight designed with a mass reduction of 4.12 kg while other mechanical performance are well guaranteed. Hence, the proposed lightweight design method could be well applied to the lightweight design of the automobile body.
Yu Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deep spatio temporal residual networks for citywide crowd flows prediction
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2016Co-Authors: Junbo Zhang, Yu ZhengAbstract:Forecasting the flow of crowds is of great importance to traffic management and public safety, and very challenging as it is affected by many complex factors, such as inter-region traffic, events, and weather. We propose a deep-learning-based approach, called ST-ResNet, to collectively forecast the inflow and outflow of crowds in each and every region of a city. We design an End-to-End Structure of ST-ResNet based on unique properties of spatio-temporal data. More specifically, we employ the residual neural network framework to model the temporal closeness, period, and trEnd properties of crowd traffic. For each property, we design a branch of residual convolutional units, each of which models the spatial properties of crowd traffic. ST-ResNet learns to dynamically aggregate the output of the three residual neural networks based on data, assigning different weights to different branches and regions. The aggregation is further combined with external factors, such as weather and day of the week, to predict the final traffic of crowds in each and every region. Experiments on two types of crowd flows in Beijing and New York City (NYC) demonstrate that the proposed ST-ResNet outperforms six well-known methods. [code][data][system][PPT] [video of the presentation]
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deep spatio temporal residual networks for citywide crowd flows prediction
arXiv: Artificial Intelligence, 2016Co-Authors: Junbo Zhang, Yu ZhengAbstract:Forecasting the flow of crowds is of great importance to traffic management and public safety, yet a very challenging task affected by many complex factors, such as inter-region traffic, events and weather. In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based approach, called ST-ResNet, to collectively forecast the in-flow and out-flow of crowds in each and every region through a city. We design an End-to-End Structure of ST-ResNet based on unique properties of spatio-temporal data. More specifically, we employ the framework of the residual neural networks to model the temporal closeness, period, and trEnd properties of the crowd traffic, respectively. For each property, we design a branch of residual convolutional units, each of which models the spatial properties of the crowd traffic. ST-ResNet learns to dynamically aggregate the output of the three residual neural networks based on data, assigning different weights to different branches and regions. The aggregation is further combined with external factors, such as weather and day of the week, to predict the final traffic of crowds in each and every region. We evaluate ST-ResNet based on two types of crowd flows in Beijing and NYC, finding that its performance exceeds six well-know methods.
Jean Gautier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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double strand break End resection and repair pathway choice
Annual Review of Genetics, 2011Co-Authors: Lorraine S Symington, Jean GautierAbstract:DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are cytotoxic lesions that can result in mutagenic events or cell death if left unrepaired or repaired inappropriately. Cells use two major pathways for DSB repair: nonhomologous End joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). The choice between these pathways depEnds on the phase of the cell cycle and the nature of the DSB Ends. A critical determinant of repair pathway choice is the initiation of 5'-3' resection of DNA Ends, which commits cells to homology-depEndent repair, and prevents repair by classical NHEJ. Here, we review the components of the End resection machinery, the role of End Structure, and the cell-cycle phase on resection and the interplay of End processing with NHEJ.