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Marco Mensink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of protein supplementation during Endurance Training on changes in skeletal muscle transcriptome.
BMC genomics, 2020Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Roland W. J. Hangelbroek, Mark V. Boekschoten, Maria T. E. Hopman, Marco MensinkAbstract:Protein supplementation improves physiological adaptations to Endurance Training, but the impact on adaptive changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome remains elusive. The present analysis was executed to determine the impact of protein supplementation on changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome following 5-weeks of Endurance Training. Skeletal muscle tissue samples from the vastus lateralis were taken before and after 5-weeks of Endurance Training to assess changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. One hundred and 63 genes were differentially expressed after 5-weeks of Endurance Training in both groups (q-value 0.05). Endurance Training primarily affected expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix and these changes tended to be greater in PRO than in CON. Protein supplementation subtly impacts Endurance Training-induced changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. In addition, our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the extracellular matrix may be an important factor for skeletal muscle adaptation in response to Endurance Training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381, March 12, 2018. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381.
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protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training wishful thinking or a competitive edge
Frontiers in Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Maria T. E. Hopman, Conor Verbruggen, Marco MensinkAbstract:The significance of carbohydrates for Endurance Training has been well established, whereas the role of protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this perspective is to discuss the current evidence on the role of dietary protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training. On a metabolic level, a single bout of Endurance Training stimulates the oxidation of several amino acids. Although the amount of amino acids as part of total energy expenditure during exercise is relatively low compared to other substrates (e.g. carbohydrates and fat), it may depress the rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and thereby have a negative effect on Training adaptation. A low supply of amino acids relative to that of carbohydrates may also have negative effects on the synthesis of capillaries, synthesis and turn-over of mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in oxygen transport including haemoglobin and myoglobin. Thus far, the scientific evidence demonstrating the significance of dietary protein is mainly derived from research with resistance exercise Training regimes. This is not surprising since the general paradigm states that Endurance Training has insignificant effects on skeletal muscle growth. This could have resulted in an underappreciation of the role of dietary protein for the Endurance athlete. To conclude, evidence of the role of protein on Endurance Training adaptations and performance remains scarce and is mainly derived from acute exercise studies. Therefore, future human intervention studies must unravel whether dietary protein is truly capable of augmenting Endurance Training adaptations and ultimately performance.
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Protein and the Adaptive Response With Endurance Training: Wishful Thinking or a Competitive Edge?
Frontiers in physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Maria T. E. Hopman, Conor Verbruggen, Marco MensinkAbstract:The significance of carbohydrates for Endurance Training has been well established, whereas the role of protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this perspective is to discuss the current evidence on the role of dietary protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training. On a metabolic level, a single bout of Endurance Training stimulates the oxidation of several amino acids. Although the amount of amino acids as part of total energy expenditure during exercise is relatively low compared to other substrates (e.g., carbohydrates and fat), it may depress the rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and thereby have a negative effect on Training adaptation. A low supply of amino acids relative to that of carbohydrates may also have negative effects on the synthesis of capillaries, synthesis and turn-over of mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in oxygen transport including hamoglobin and myoglobin. Thus far, the scientific evidence demonstrating the significance of dietary protein is mainly derived from research with resistance exercise Training regimes. This is not surprising since the general paradigm states that Endurance Training has insignificant effects on skeletal muscle growth. This could have resulted in an underappreciation of the role of dietary protein for the Endurance athlete. To conclude, evidence of the role of protein on Endurance Training adaptations and performance remains scarce and is mainly derived from acute exercise studies. Therefore, future human intervention studies must unravel whether dietary protein is truly capable of augmenting Endurance Training adaptations and ultimately performance.
Pim Knuiman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of protein supplementation during Endurance Training on changes in skeletal muscle transcriptome.
BMC genomics, 2020Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Roland W. J. Hangelbroek, Mark V. Boekschoten, Maria T. E. Hopman, Marco MensinkAbstract:Protein supplementation improves physiological adaptations to Endurance Training, but the impact on adaptive changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome remains elusive. The present analysis was executed to determine the impact of protein supplementation on changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome following 5-weeks of Endurance Training. Skeletal muscle tissue samples from the vastus lateralis were taken before and after 5-weeks of Endurance Training to assess changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. One hundred and 63 genes were differentially expressed after 5-weeks of Endurance Training in both groups (q-value 0.05). Endurance Training primarily affected expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix and these changes tended to be greater in PRO than in CON. Protein supplementation subtly impacts Endurance Training-induced changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. In addition, our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the extracellular matrix may be an important factor for skeletal muscle adaptation in response to Endurance Training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381, March 12, 2018. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381.
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protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training wishful thinking or a competitive edge
Frontiers in Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Maria T. E. Hopman, Conor Verbruggen, Marco MensinkAbstract:The significance of carbohydrates for Endurance Training has been well established, whereas the role of protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this perspective is to discuss the current evidence on the role of dietary protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training. On a metabolic level, a single bout of Endurance Training stimulates the oxidation of several amino acids. Although the amount of amino acids as part of total energy expenditure during exercise is relatively low compared to other substrates (e.g. carbohydrates and fat), it may depress the rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and thereby have a negative effect on Training adaptation. A low supply of amino acids relative to that of carbohydrates may also have negative effects on the synthesis of capillaries, synthesis and turn-over of mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in oxygen transport including haemoglobin and myoglobin. Thus far, the scientific evidence demonstrating the significance of dietary protein is mainly derived from research with resistance exercise Training regimes. This is not surprising since the general paradigm states that Endurance Training has insignificant effects on skeletal muscle growth. This could have resulted in an underappreciation of the role of dietary protein for the Endurance athlete. To conclude, evidence of the role of protein on Endurance Training adaptations and performance remains scarce and is mainly derived from acute exercise studies. Therefore, future human intervention studies must unravel whether dietary protein is truly capable of augmenting Endurance Training adaptations and ultimately performance.
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Protein and the Adaptive Response With Endurance Training: Wishful Thinking or a Competitive Edge?
Frontiers in physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Maria T. E. Hopman, Conor Verbruggen, Marco MensinkAbstract:The significance of carbohydrates for Endurance Training has been well established, whereas the role of protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this perspective is to discuss the current evidence on the role of dietary protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training. On a metabolic level, a single bout of Endurance Training stimulates the oxidation of several amino acids. Although the amount of amino acids as part of total energy expenditure during exercise is relatively low compared to other substrates (e.g., carbohydrates and fat), it may depress the rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and thereby have a negative effect on Training adaptation. A low supply of amino acids relative to that of carbohydrates may also have negative effects on the synthesis of capillaries, synthesis and turn-over of mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in oxygen transport including hamoglobin and myoglobin. Thus far, the scientific evidence demonstrating the significance of dietary protein is mainly derived from research with resistance exercise Training regimes. This is not surprising since the general paradigm states that Endurance Training has insignificant effects on skeletal muscle growth. This could have resulted in an underappreciation of the role of dietary protein for the Endurance athlete. To conclude, evidence of the role of protein on Endurance Training adaptations and performance remains scarce and is mainly derived from acute exercise studies. Therefore, future human intervention studies must unravel whether dietary protein is truly capable of augmenting Endurance Training adaptations and ultimately performance.
Maria T. E. Hopman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of protein supplementation during Endurance Training on changes in skeletal muscle transcriptome.
BMC genomics, 2020Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Roland W. J. Hangelbroek, Mark V. Boekschoten, Maria T. E. Hopman, Marco MensinkAbstract:Protein supplementation improves physiological adaptations to Endurance Training, but the impact on adaptive changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome remains elusive. The present analysis was executed to determine the impact of protein supplementation on changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome following 5-weeks of Endurance Training. Skeletal muscle tissue samples from the vastus lateralis were taken before and after 5-weeks of Endurance Training to assess changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. One hundred and 63 genes were differentially expressed after 5-weeks of Endurance Training in both groups (q-value 0.05). Endurance Training primarily affected expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix and these changes tended to be greater in PRO than in CON. Protein supplementation subtly impacts Endurance Training-induced changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. In addition, our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the extracellular matrix may be an important factor for skeletal muscle adaptation in response to Endurance Training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381, March 12, 2018. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381.
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protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training wishful thinking or a competitive edge
Frontiers in Physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Maria T. E. Hopman, Conor Verbruggen, Marco MensinkAbstract:The significance of carbohydrates for Endurance Training has been well established, whereas the role of protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this perspective is to discuss the current evidence on the role of dietary protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training. On a metabolic level, a single bout of Endurance Training stimulates the oxidation of several amino acids. Although the amount of amino acids as part of total energy expenditure during exercise is relatively low compared to other substrates (e.g. carbohydrates and fat), it may depress the rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and thereby have a negative effect on Training adaptation. A low supply of amino acids relative to that of carbohydrates may also have negative effects on the synthesis of capillaries, synthesis and turn-over of mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in oxygen transport including haemoglobin and myoglobin. Thus far, the scientific evidence demonstrating the significance of dietary protein is mainly derived from research with resistance exercise Training regimes. This is not surprising since the general paradigm states that Endurance Training has insignificant effects on skeletal muscle growth. This could have resulted in an underappreciation of the role of dietary protein for the Endurance athlete. To conclude, evidence of the role of protein on Endurance Training adaptations and performance remains scarce and is mainly derived from acute exercise studies. Therefore, future human intervention studies must unravel whether dietary protein is truly capable of augmenting Endurance Training adaptations and ultimately performance.
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Protein and the Adaptive Response With Endurance Training: Wishful Thinking or a Competitive Edge?
Frontiers in physiology, 2018Co-Authors: Pim Knuiman, Maria T. E. Hopman, Conor Verbruggen, Marco MensinkAbstract:The significance of carbohydrates for Endurance Training has been well established, whereas the role of protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this perspective is to discuss the current evidence on the role of dietary protein and the adaptive response with Endurance Training. On a metabolic level, a single bout of Endurance Training stimulates the oxidation of several amino acids. Although the amount of amino acids as part of total energy expenditure during exercise is relatively low compared to other substrates (e.g., carbohydrates and fat), it may depress the rates of skeletal muscle protein synthesis, and thereby have a negative effect on Training adaptation. A low supply of amino acids relative to that of carbohydrates may also have negative effects on the synthesis of capillaries, synthesis and turn-over of mitochondrial proteins and proteins involved in oxygen transport including hamoglobin and myoglobin. Thus far, the scientific evidence demonstrating the significance of dietary protein is mainly derived from research with resistance exercise Training regimes. This is not surprising since the general paradigm states that Endurance Training has insignificant effects on skeletal muscle growth. This could have resulted in an underappreciation of the role of dietary protein for the Endurance athlete. To conclude, evidence of the role of protein on Endurance Training adaptations and performance remains scarce and is mainly derived from acute exercise studies. Therefore, future human intervention studies must unravel whether dietary protein is truly capable of augmenting Endurance Training adaptations and ultimately performance.
Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Lung mitochondria adaptation to Endurance Training in rats.
Free radical biology & medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz, Karolina Dominiak, Lukasz Galganski, Hanna Galganska, Anna Kicinska, Joanna Majerczak, Jerzy A. ZoladzAbstract:Abstract We elucidated the impact of eight weeks of Endurance Training on the oxidative metabolism of rat lungs. Adult 3.5-month-old male rats were randomly allocated to a treadmill Training group or a sedentary group as control. In the lungs, Endurance Training raised the expression level of the oxygen sensors hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and lysine-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) as well as stimulated mitochondrial oxidative capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis, while lactate dehydrogenase activity was reduced. Endurance Training enhanced antioxidant systems (the coenzyme Q content and superoxide dismutase) in lung tissue but decreased them (and uncoupling protein 2) in lung mitochondria. In the lung mitochondria of trained rats, the decreased Q content and Complex I (CI) activity and the enhanced cytochrome pathway activity (CIII + CIV) may account for the diminished Q reduction level, resulting in a general decrease in H2O2 formation by mitochondria. Endurance Training enhanced oxidation of glutamate and fatty acids and caused opposite effects in functional mitochondrial properties during malate and succinate oxidation, which were related to reduced activity of CI and increased activity of CII, respectively. In addition, Endurance Training downregulated CI in supercomplexes and upregulated CIII in the CIII2+CIV supercomplex in the oxidative phosphorylation system. We concluded that the adaptive lung responses observed could be due to hypoxia and oxidative stress induced by strenuous Endurance Training.
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Endurance Training increases the efficiency of rat skeletal muscle mitochondria
Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, 2016Co-Authors: Jerzy A. Zoladz, Agnieszka Koziel, Andrzej Woyda-ploszczyca, Jan Celichowski, Wieslawa JarmuszkiewiczAbstract:Endurance Training enhances mitochondrial oxidative capacity, but its effect on mitochondria functioning is poorly understood. In the present study, the influence of an 8-week Endurance Training on the bioenergetic functioning of rat skeletal muscle mitochondria under different assay temperatures (25, 35, and 42 °C) was investigated. The study was performed on 24 adult 4-month-old male Wistar rats, which were randomly assigned to either a treadmill Training group ( n = 12) or a sedentary control group ( n = 12). In skeletal muscles, Endurance Training stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity. In isolated mitochondria, Endurance Training increased the phosphorylation rate and elevated levels of coenzyme Q. Moreover, a decrease in mitochondrial uncoupling, including uncoupling protein-mediated proton leak, was observed after Training, which could explain the increased reactive oxygen species production (in nonphosphorylating mitochondria) and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation efficiency. At all studied temperatures, Endurance Training significantly augmented H_2O_2 production (and coenzyme Q reduction level) in nonphosphorylating mitochondria and decreased H_2O_2 production (and coenzyme Q reduction level) in phosphorylating mitochondria. Endurance Training magnified the hyperthermia-induced increase in oxidative capacity and attenuated the hyperthermia-induced decline in oxidative phosphorylation efficiency and reactive oxygen species formation of nonphosphorylating mitochondria via proton leak enhancement. Thus, Endurance Training induces both quantitative and qualitative changes in muscle mitochondria that are important for cell signaling as well as for maintaining muscle energy homeostasis, especially at high temperatures.
Berend Malchow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of Endurance Training on brain structure and function in multi-episode Schizophrenia
European Psychiatry, 2017Co-Authors: Berend MalchowAbstract:Structural and functional brain alterations as well as cognitive deficits are well-documented findings in schizophrenia patients. Cognitive impairments affect the long-term outcome of schizophrenia and are the main contributors to disability. Despite their clinical impact, however, no effective options are available to treat them sufficiently. Aerobic Endurance Training has been shown to have effects on brain plasticity, gray and white matter volume as well as functional connectivity measures and on cognitive functioning in animal models and healthy humans. However, effects of physical exercise in combination in combination with cognitive remediation are unknown in Schizophrenia. 21 chronic schizophrenia patients and 21 age and gender–matched healthy controls underwent 3 months of aerobic exercise (Endurance Training, 30 min, 3 times per week). 21 additionally recruited schizophrenia patients played table soccer (known as “foosball” in the USA) over the same period. After 6 weeks of Endurance Training or table soccer, all participants commenced standardized cognitive Training with a computer-assisted Training program. We could show that a 3-month Endurance-Training program combined with CR therapy had positive effects on everyday functioning in multi-episode Schizophrenia patients. Deficits improved from medium to mild as assessed with the GAF. Negative symptoms, short and long-term verbal memory and cognitive flexibility also improved with Training. We could demonstrate grey matter volume increase in the left temporal lobe in schizophrenia patients undergoing Endurance Training. A non-Endurance and coordinative Training stimulus like playing table soccer led to a clearly distinct pattern of grey matter alterations in Schizophrenia patients.
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Endurance Training in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls: differences and similarities.
European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2015Co-Authors: Katriona Keller-varady, Alkomiet Hasan, Thomas Schneider-axmann, Ursula Hillmer-vogel, Björn Adomßent, Thomas Wobrock, Andrea Schmitt, Andree Niklas, Peter Falkai, Berend MalchowAbstract:The aims were to examine the feasibility of and adaptations to Endurance Training in persons diagnosed with schizophrenia and to address the question whether the principles and beneficial effects of Endurance Training established in the healthy population apply also to patients with schizophrenia. In this controlled interventional study, 22 patients with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls performed a standardized aerobic Endurance Training on bicycle ergometers over 12 weeks. Another group of 21 patients with schizophrenia played table soccer. Endurance capacity was measured with incremental cycle ergometry before and after the intervention and 3 months later. A specific set of outcome parameters was defined. The Training stimuli can be assumed to be similar in both Endurance groups. Endurance capacity improved significantly in the Endurance groups, but not in the table soccer group. Patients and healthy controls showed comparable adaptations to Endurance Training, as assessed by physical working capacity and maximal achieved power. Differences were found in changes of performance at a lactate concentration of 3 mmol/l. Endurance Training was feasible and effective in both groups. The principles and types of Training that are usually applied to healthy controls need to be verified in patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, patients benefited from Endurance Training in terms of improvement of Endurance capacity and reduction in the baseline deficit in comparison with healthy controls. Therefore, Endurance Training should be implemented in future therapy programs. These programs need to pay special attention to the differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls.