The Experts below are selected from a list of 543 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dorin Boldor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pyrolysis of Energy Cane bagasse and invasive chinese tallow tree triadica sebifera l biomass in an inductively heated reactor
Energy Conversion and Management, 2016Co-Authors: Charles Henkel, Pranjali D Muley, Kamran K Abdollahi, Cosmin Marculescu, Dorin BoldorAbstract:Abstract The growing demand for Energy and the increasing opposition to fossil fuels has given rise to the need for alternative fuels. The pyrolysis process is one viable option that converts lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuel. This study focuses, for the first time, on the use of an induction heating mechanism to pyrolyze biomass from Energy Cane ( Saccharum complex) bagasse and invasive Chinese tallow trees ( Triadica sebifera L.). Energy Cane and tallow wood were pyrolyzed at 500, 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C at atmospheric pressure in a laboratory scale batch process with an initial loading of 15 g and 30 g for Energy Cane bagasse and CTT respectively. The results indicate that the highest liquid yield was obtained at 500 °C for both biomasses. The yields of char declined and the gas yields increased as the reaction temperature increased, as the biomass was more thoroughly decomposed at the higher reaction temperatures. GC–MS results show that the liquid product was rich in oxygenated compounds such as phenols, ketones and alcohols for biomasses at all temperatures. Bio-oil obtained from pyrolysis of Chinese tallow tree showed small concentration of fatty alcohols. Concentration of smaller compounds in the liquid product increased as the reaction temperature increased. Highest Energy content and liquid yields (34 MJ/kg and 35.4%) amongst the tested temperatures was obtained at 500 °C for both Energy Cane and tallow wood pyrolysis. Higher heating values were obtained for bio-oil from Energy Cane compared to tallow tree biomass.
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effect of frequency and reaction time in focused ultrasonic pretreatment of Energy Cane bagasse for bioethanol production
Bioresource Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Niyaz Ahamed Methrath Liyakathali, Giovanna M. Aita, Pranjali D Muley, Dorin BoldorAbstract:Abstract Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical steps in bioethanol production. Ultrasonic pretreatment significantly improves cellulose hydrolysis increasing sugar yields, but current system designs have limitations related to efficiency and scalability. This study evaluates the ultrasonic pretreatment of Energy Cane bagasse in a novel scalable configuration and by maximizing coupling of ultrasound Energy to the material via active modulation of frequency. Pretreatment was conducted in 28% ammonia water mixture at a sample:ammonia:water ratio of 1:0.5:8. Process performance was investigated as a function of frequency (20, 20.5, 21 kHz), reaction time (30, 45, 60 min), temperature, and power levels for multiple combinations of ammonia, water and sample mixture. Results indicated an increased enzymatic digestibility, with maximum glucose yield of 24.29 g/100 g dry biomass. Theoretical ethanol yields obtained ranged from 6.47 to a maximum of 24.29 g/100 g dry biomass. Maximum Energy attainable was 886.34 kJ/100 g dry biomass.
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effects of biomass particle size on yield and composition of pyrolysis bio oil derived from chinese tallow tree triadica sebifera l and Energy Cane saccharum complex in an inductively heated reactor
energy 2015 Vol. 3 Pages 838-850, 2015Co-Authors: Gustavo Aguilar, Charles Henkel, Pranjali D Muley, Dorin BoldorAbstract:In the face of fluctuating petroleum costs and a growing demand for Energy, the need for an alternative and sustainable Energy source has increased. A viable solution for this problem can be attained by using thermochemical conversion, pyrolysis, of existing biomass sources for the production of liquid fuels. This study focuses on the effect that biomass particle size has on the conversion of biomass into liquid pyrolysis oil. Energy Cane and Chinese tallow tree biomass were pyrolyzed at 550 ℃. The particle size ranges studied were < 0.5, 0.5 to 1.4, 1.4 to 2.4 and, 2.4 to 4.4 mm. The results indicate that the range from 0.5-1.4 mm is a better range for optimizing bio-oil production while keeping water content low.
Giovanna M. Aita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cellulose nanofibers from rapidly microwave delignified Energy Cane bagasse and their application in drilling fluids as rheology and filtration modifiers
Industrial Crops and Products, 2020Co-Authors: Meichun Li, Giovanna M. Aita, Weimin Chen, Alfred D French, Gillian Eggleston, Qinglin WuAbstract:Abstract Energy Cane bagasse (ECB) is the major residue after the Cane is milled to extract juice for sugar, biochemical, and/or biofuel production. The sustainable conversion of ECB into high value-added products can help reduce agricultural waste, and enhance utilization of bioresources. In the present work, we demonstrate that ECB can be converted into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) that can serve as high value-added additives in bentonite water-based fluids (BT-WDFs). Particularly, cellulose fibers (CFs) were rapidly isolated from ECB by microwave-assisted NaOH / NaClO2 treatments. CFs treated with the higher NaOH concentration and microwave irradiation lost more lignin (96.2 % delignification) and their crystal structure was more completely transformed from cellulose I to II, resulting in smaller diameters (8.5 μm). CNFs suspensions from subsequent wet-grinding and microfluidization of the CFs exhibited typical shear-thinning behaviors and solid-like viscoelastic properties due to the entangled network structure of the CNFs. Formulated fluids with 0.5 wt% of the manufactured CNFs showed good rheological and filtration properties, demonstrating their potential applications in the oil service industry.
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Prebiotics from Energy Cane bagasse
Sugar Industry, 2020Co-Authors: Giovanna M. Aita, Young Hwan MoonAbstract:Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) is a group of emerging prebiotics that selectively stimulate the growth of advantageous gastrointestinal bacteria benefitting the host’s gut health and functionality. XOS can achieve positive biological effects at low daily doses and low caloric content, properties that are the same or more desirable than the already established prebiotics. XOS are present in plants in very low amounts so there is a great opportunity to isolate XOS with varying degrees of polymerization from the hemicellulose (xylan) fraction of lignocellulosic materials (e.g., bagasse), a source that offers both economic and environmental advantages. In this study, the recovery of XOS by the combined use of activated carbon adsorption, water washing and ethanol desorption from diluted acid pretreated Energy Cane bagasse hydrolysates was evaluated. The recovered XOS was tested for its prebiotic activity on Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC 15703. The final product of extracted XOS from Energy Cane bagasse (XOS EC Bagasse crude sample) had a purity of 93%, which was comparable to the purities observed with two commercially available XOS prebiotics, CPA (89%) and CPB (93%). XOS EC Bagasse crude sample exhibited prebiotic properties by stimulating the growth of B. adolescentis ATCC 15703 and by producing lactic acid, which were comparable to those observed with the commercial prebiotics.
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Fumaric Acid Production by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™ from Lignocellulosic Syrup
BioEnergy Research, 2018Co-Authors: Fang Deng, Giovanna M. AitaAbstract:Powdered activated carbon-treated lignocellulosic syrup prepared from Energy Cane bagasse was evaluated as a potential feedstock in the production of fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™. Energy Cane bagasse was pretreated with dilute ammonia and enzymatically hydrolyzed with commercially available enzymes, Cellic® CTec2 and HTec2. The collected hydrolysate samples were subjected to powdered activated carbon adsorption for the removal of non-sugar compounds (i.e., organic acids, furaldehydes, total phenolic compounds) and concentrated to a final 65°Bx syrup (mostly xylose and glucose sugars). The use of lignocellulosic syrup, the effect of nitrogen source, medium additives, and initial pH in the seed culture medium on fungal morphology were investigated. The carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio in the acid production medium was also optimized for maximum yields in fumaric acid production. Optimum seed culture medium conditions (2.0 g/L urea, 3.0 pH) produced the desired compact, smooth, and uniform fungal pellets. Optimum acid production medium conditions (400 C/N ratio, 0.2 g/L urea) resulted in a fumaric acid production of 34.20 g/L, with a yield of 0.43 g/g and a productivity of 0.24 g/L/h. These results were comparable to those observed with the control medium (pure glucose and xylose). The present study demonstrated that lignocellulosic syrup processed from dilute ammonia pretreated Energy Cane bagasse has potential as a renewable carbon source for fumaric acid fermentation by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC® 20344™.
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optimization of activated carbon detoxification of dilute ammonia pretreated Energy Cane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysate by response surface methodology
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Fang Deng, Daeyeol Cheong, Giovanna M. AitaAbstract:Abstract A challenge in syrup production from lignocellulosic biomass is the presence of non-sugar compounds in the hydrolysate, generated during the hydrolytic process, which negatively impact downstream processes. Energy Cane bagasse was pretreated with ammonium hydroxide and then hydrolyzed with enzymes Cellic® CTec2 and HTec2. Non-sugar compounds such as formic acid, acetic acid, levulinic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and phenolic compounds were formed during pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Activated carbon (AC) treatments were carried out to remove these non-sugar compounds while retaining the fermentable sugars, mostly glucose and xylose. Powdered AC and granular AC were compared and parameters including AC dose, hydrolysate pH and contact time were optimized using response surface methodology. Optimum conditions for powdered AC were 9.21% (w/w) dose, at pH 1.96 for 10 min, and for granular AC were 12.64% (w/w) dose, at pH 1.91 for 51.60 min. At these conditions, approximately 40% acetic acid, 75% formic acid and over 90% levulinic acid, HMF, furfurals, and phenolic compounds were removed with minimal fermentable sugar losses. Activated carbon adsorption can significantly reduce the non-sugar compounds present in the hydrolysate with minimal losses of fermentable sugars, which is beneficial in the production of lignocellulosic syrup and value-added products.
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detoxification of dilute ammonia pretreated Energy Cane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysate by soluble polyelectrolyte flocculants
Industrial Crops and Products, 2018Co-Authors: Fang Deng, Giovanna M. AitaAbstract:Abstract This study investigated the detoxification of dilute ammonia pretreated Energy Cane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysate using polyelectrolyte flocculants. Non-sugar compounds such as formic acid, acetic acid, levulinic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and phenolic compounds can be generated during pretreatment, which have negative effects on downstream processes. Flocculation was carried out to remove these non-sugar compounds while retaining the fermentable sugars. The flocculants polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) were used and parameters including flocculant dose and hydrolysate pH were evaluated. The recyclability of PEI and recovery of non-sugar compounds were also assessed. Optimum conditions for both PEI and pDADMAC were 15 g/L dose at unadjusted pH 4.5. At these conditions, PEI outperformed pDADMAC by having greater adsorption efficiencies towards non-sugar compounds with minimal sugar losses. PEI removed 43% organic acids, 73% total phenolic compounds and 100% furans with less than 10% total fermentable sugar losses. However, after two cycles, only 20% of the adsorbed organic acids and total phenolic compounds, and 80% of the furans were recovered. Sugar losses of less than 10% were observed throughout the recycling process. PEI can significantly remove the non-sugar compounds from dilute ammonia pretreated Energy Cane bagasse enzymatic hydrolysate with minimum sugar losses. However, recycling of PEI and recovery of adsorbed non-sugar compounds are not recommended for more than two cycles.
Pranjali D Muley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pyrolysis of Energy Cane bagasse and invasive chinese tallow tree triadica sebifera l biomass in an inductively heated reactor
Energy Conversion and Management, 2016Co-Authors: Charles Henkel, Pranjali D Muley, Kamran K Abdollahi, Cosmin Marculescu, Dorin BoldorAbstract:Abstract The growing demand for Energy and the increasing opposition to fossil fuels has given rise to the need for alternative fuels. The pyrolysis process is one viable option that converts lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuel. This study focuses, for the first time, on the use of an induction heating mechanism to pyrolyze biomass from Energy Cane ( Saccharum complex) bagasse and invasive Chinese tallow trees ( Triadica sebifera L.). Energy Cane and tallow wood were pyrolyzed at 500, 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C at atmospheric pressure in a laboratory scale batch process with an initial loading of 15 g and 30 g for Energy Cane bagasse and CTT respectively. The results indicate that the highest liquid yield was obtained at 500 °C for both biomasses. The yields of char declined and the gas yields increased as the reaction temperature increased, as the biomass was more thoroughly decomposed at the higher reaction temperatures. GC–MS results show that the liquid product was rich in oxygenated compounds such as phenols, ketones and alcohols for biomasses at all temperatures. Bio-oil obtained from pyrolysis of Chinese tallow tree showed small concentration of fatty alcohols. Concentration of smaller compounds in the liquid product increased as the reaction temperature increased. Highest Energy content and liquid yields (34 MJ/kg and 35.4%) amongst the tested temperatures was obtained at 500 °C for both Energy Cane and tallow wood pyrolysis. Higher heating values were obtained for bio-oil from Energy Cane compared to tallow tree biomass.
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effect of frequency and reaction time in focused ultrasonic pretreatment of Energy Cane bagasse for bioethanol production
Bioresource Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Niyaz Ahamed Methrath Liyakathali, Giovanna M. Aita, Pranjali D Muley, Dorin BoldorAbstract:Abstract Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is a critical steps in bioethanol production. Ultrasonic pretreatment significantly improves cellulose hydrolysis increasing sugar yields, but current system designs have limitations related to efficiency and scalability. This study evaluates the ultrasonic pretreatment of Energy Cane bagasse in a novel scalable configuration and by maximizing coupling of ultrasound Energy to the material via active modulation of frequency. Pretreatment was conducted in 28% ammonia water mixture at a sample:ammonia:water ratio of 1:0.5:8. Process performance was investigated as a function of frequency (20, 20.5, 21 kHz), reaction time (30, 45, 60 min), temperature, and power levels for multiple combinations of ammonia, water and sample mixture. Results indicated an increased enzymatic digestibility, with maximum glucose yield of 24.29 g/100 g dry biomass. Theoretical ethanol yields obtained ranged from 6.47 to a maximum of 24.29 g/100 g dry biomass. Maximum Energy attainable was 886.34 kJ/100 g dry biomass.
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effects of biomass particle size on yield and composition of pyrolysis bio oil derived from chinese tallow tree triadica sebifera l and Energy Cane saccharum complex in an inductively heated reactor
energy 2015 Vol. 3 Pages 838-850, 2015Co-Authors: Gustavo Aguilar, Charles Henkel, Pranjali D Muley, Dorin BoldorAbstract:In the face of fluctuating petroleum costs and a growing demand for Energy, the need for an alternative and sustainable Energy source has increased. A viable solution for this problem can be attained by using thermochemical conversion, pyrolysis, of existing biomass sources for the production of liquid fuels. This study focuses on the effect that biomass particle size has on the conversion of biomass into liquid pyrolysis oil. Energy Cane and Chinese tallow tree biomass were pyrolyzed at 550 ℃. The particle size ranges studied were < 0.5, 0.5 to 1.4, 1.4 to 2.4 and, 2.4 to 4.4 mm. The results indicate that the range from 0.5-1.4 mm is a better range for optimizing bio-oil production while keeping water content low.
Charles Henkel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pyrolysis of Energy Cane bagasse and invasive chinese tallow tree triadica sebifera l biomass in an inductively heated reactor
Energy Conversion and Management, 2016Co-Authors: Charles Henkel, Pranjali D Muley, Kamran K Abdollahi, Cosmin Marculescu, Dorin BoldorAbstract:Abstract The growing demand for Energy and the increasing opposition to fossil fuels has given rise to the need for alternative fuels. The pyrolysis process is one viable option that converts lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuel. This study focuses, for the first time, on the use of an induction heating mechanism to pyrolyze biomass from Energy Cane ( Saccharum complex) bagasse and invasive Chinese tallow trees ( Triadica sebifera L.). Energy Cane and tallow wood were pyrolyzed at 500, 550, 600, 650, and 700 °C at atmospheric pressure in a laboratory scale batch process with an initial loading of 15 g and 30 g for Energy Cane bagasse and CTT respectively. The results indicate that the highest liquid yield was obtained at 500 °C for both biomasses. The yields of char declined and the gas yields increased as the reaction temperature increased, as the biomass was more thoroughly decomposed at the higher reaction temperatures. GC–MS results show that the liquid product was rich in oxygenated compounds such as phenols, ketones and alcohols for biomasses at all temperatures. Bio-oil obtained from pyrolysis of Chinese tallow tree showed small concentration of fatty alcohols. Concentration of smaller compounds in the liquid product increased as the reaction temperature increased. Highest Energy content and liquid yields (34 MJ/kg and 35.4%) amongst the tested temperatures was obtained at 500 °C for both Energy Cane and tallow wood pyrolysis. Higher heating values were obtained for bio-oil from Energy Cane compared to tallow tree biomass.
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effects of biomass particle size on yield and composition of pyrolysis bio oil derived from chinese tallow tree triadica sebifera l and Energy Cane saccharum complex in an inductively heated reactor
energy 2015 Vol. 3 Pages 838-850, 2015Co-Authors: Gustavo Aguilar, Charles Henkel, Pranjali D Muley, Dorin BoldorAbstract:In the face of fluctuating petroleum costs and a growing demand for Energy, the need for an alternative and sustainable Energy source has increased. A viable solution for this problem can be attained by using thermochemical conversion, pyrolysis, of existing biomass sources for the production of liquid fuels. This study focuses on the effect that biomass particle size has on the conversion of biomass into liquid pyrolysis oil. Energy Cane and Chinese tallow tree biomass were pyrolyzed at 550 ℃. The particle size ranges studied were < 0.5, 0.5 to 1.4, 1.4 to 2.4 and, 2.4 to 4.4 mm. The results indicate that the range from 0.5-1.4 mm is a better range for optimizing bio-oil production while keeping water content low.
Evan H Delucia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conversion of grazed pastures to Energy Cane as a biofuel feedstock alters the emission of ghgs from soils in southeastern united states
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2018Co-Authors: Nuria Gomezcasanovas, Nicholas J Delucia, Tara W Hudiburg, Carl J Bernacchi, Evan H DeluciaAbstract:Abstract The cultivation of Energy Cane throughout the Southeastern United States may displace grazed pastures on organic soil (Histosols) to meet growing demands for biofuels. We combined results from a field experiment with a biogeochemical model to improve our understanding of how the conversion of pasture to Energy Cane during early crop establishment affected soil GHG (CO2, CH4, and N2O) exchange with the atmosphere. GHG fluxes were measured under both land uses during wet, hot and cool, dry times of year, and following a fertilization event. We also simulated the impact of changes in precipitation on GHG exchange. Higher fertilization of Cane contributed to greater emission of N2O than pasture during warmer and wetter times of the year. The model predicted that Energy Cane emitted more nitrogen than pasture during simulated wetter than drier years. The modeled emission factor for N2O was 20 to 30-fold higher than the default value from IPCC (1%), suggesting that the default IPCC value could dramatically underestimate the consequences of this land conversion on the climate system. Predicted soil CH4 and CO2 fluxes were higher in pasture than Energy Cane, and this difference was not affected by increasing precipitation. Model simulations predicted that soils under first year Cane emit more GHGs than pasture, particularly during wet years, but this difference disappeared two years after Energy Cane establishment. Our results suggest that management practices may be important in determining soil GHG emissions from Energy Cane on organic soils particularly during the first year of Cane establishment.
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Biogeochemical consequences of regional land use change to a biofuel crop in the southeastern United States
Ecosphere, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Duval, Stephen P. Long, William J. Parton, Melannie D. Hartman, Ernest Marx, Evan H DeluciaAbstract:The United States has mandated the production of 80 billion liters of second-generation biofuel by 2022, and several approaches to meet this target focus on using ligno-cellulosic ethanol from perennial grasses and non-food crops. The large-scale deployment of biofuel agronomy should consider high-yielding crops that meet ethanol production goals, choose appropriate landscapes for biofuel crops from a climate and food production standpoint, and a full consideration of the environmental impact of large-scale land use change. The southeastern United States has a long growing season conducive for producing high-yielding crops, and is relatively less important to US food production than the rain-fed Midwestern states that have been extensively studied for biofuel crops. We use the DayCent biogeochemical model to run simulation experiments to test the hypotheses that converting a large swath of traditional agriculture in the southeastern United States that is already utilized for bioEnergy production (assuming 35% of current corn-soy, and 10% of grazed pasture hectares; similar to 950,000 ha) to Energy Cane will result in greater biomass production, increased soil C storage, decreased soil N losses and lower greenhouse gas emissions than a landscape of corn-soy rotations and interspersed grazed pasture. Our simulations suggest that Energy Cane above-ground productivity on former pasture and corn-soy fields would be between 52-59 million Mg dry mass per year, resulting in 21.1-23.7 billion liters of ligno-cellulosic ethanol, or similar to 28% of the 2022 US government mandate. DayCent did not predict significant changes in soil C flux from land conversion to Energy Cane, but simulations predicted lower rates of N loss compared to current agriculture. GHG emissions from Energy Cane landscapes were substantially higher on former pasture, but an order of magnitude lower when compared to corn-soy hectares. While further study is needed to ascertain the full economic and industrial feasibility of converting nearly 1,000,000 ha of land to Energy Cane production, our results suggest that such an undertaking could meet a sizeable fraction of the US ethanol mandate, reduce N pollution and GHG emissions, and avoid compromising land devoted to food production in the southeastern United States.
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Predicting Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Carbon from Changing Pasture to an Energy Crop
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Benjamin D. Duval, Kristina J. Anderson-teixeira, Sarah Davis, Cindy Keogh, Stephen P. Long, William J. Parton, Evan H DeluciaAbstract:BioEnergy related land use change would likely alter biogeochemical cycles and global greenhouse gas budgets. Energy Cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a sugarCane variety and an emerging biofuel feedstock for cellulosic bio-ethanol production. It has potential for high yields and can be grown on marginal land, which minimizes competition with grain and vegetable production. The DayCent biogeochemical model was parameterized to infer potential yields of Energy Cane and how changing land from grazed pasture to Energy Cane would affect greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O) fluxes and soil C pools. The model was used to simulate Energy Cane production on two soil types in central Florida, nutrient poor Spodosols and organic Histosols. Energy Cane was productive on both soil types (yielding 46–76 Mg dry mass⋅ha−1). Yields were maintained through three annual cropping cycles on Histosols but declined with each harvest on Spodosols. Overall, converting pasture to Energy Cane created a sink for GHGs on Spodosols and reduced the size of the GHG source on Histosols. This change was driven on both soil types by eliminating CH4 emissions from cattle and by the large increase in C uptake by greater biomass production in Energy Cane relative to pasture. However, the change from pasture to Energy Cane caused Histosols to lose 4493 g CO2 eq⋅m−2 over 15 years of Energy Cane production. Cultivation of Energy Cane on former pasture on Spodosol soils in the southeast US has the potential for high biomass yield and the mitigation of GHG emissions.