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Andrea Nicolini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbon and Energy Footprint of the hydrate based biogas upgrading process integrated with co2 valorization
Science of The Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Beatrice Castellani, Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Federico Rossi, Andrea Nicolini, Franco CotanaAbstract:Abstract The present paper aims at assessing the carbon and Energy Footprint of an Energy process, in which the Energy excess from intermittent renewable sources is used to produce hydrogen which reacts with the CO 2 previously separated from an innovative biogas upgrading process. The process integrates a hydrate-based biogas upgrading section and a CO 2 methanation section, to produce biomethane from the biogas enrichment and synthetic methane from the CO 2 methanation. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds, formed by gas enclathrated in cages of water molecules and are applied to the selective separation of CO 2 from biogas mixtures. Data from the experimental setup were analyzed in order to evaluate the green-house gas emissions (carbon Footprint CF) and the primary Energy consumption (Energy Footprint EF) associated to the two sections of the process. The biosynthetic methane production during a single-stage process was 0.962 Nm 3 , obtained mixing 0.830 Nm 3 of methane-enriched biogas and 0.132 Nm 3 of synthetic methane. The final volume composition was: 73.82% CH 4 , 19.47% CO 2 , 0.67% H 2 , 1.98% O 2 , 4.06% N 2 and the Energy content was 28.0 MJ/Nm 3 . The functional unit is the unitary amount of produced biosynthetic methane in Nm 3 . Carbon and Energy Footprints are 0.7081 kgCO 2eq /Nm 3 and 28.55 MJ/Nm 3 , respectively, when the electric Energy required by the process is provided by photovoltaic panels. In this scenario, the overall Energy efficiency is about 0.82, higher than the worldwide average Energy efficiency for fossil methane, which is 0.75.
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environmental impact of industrial prefabricated buildings carbon and Energy Footprint analysis based on an lca approach
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Maria Cleofe Merico, Gloria Pignatta, Anna Laura Pisello, Franco Cotana, Andrea NicoliniAbstract:Abstract The world-wide effort to reduce the environmental impact associated to the industrial sector is quickly producing an increasing feedback on national and international decision makers. In this context, the analysis of life-cycle based assessments on the main impact categories associated to the pre-production, production, assembly, use, and end-of- life phases represents a powerful tool towards a holistic interpretation of the Footprint from industrial buildings. The Italian prefabricated building sector, characterized, on average, by local enterprises with regional coverage, has been investigated in order to study the Carbon and Energy Footprints. Data from a large company, running several facilities spread on the national territory, have been collected and analyzed in order to provide a parameterized evaluation of the GHG emission and the Energy consumption associated to the single phases of the building life cycle as a function of the sensible design requirements. The quantification of the Carbon and the Energy Footprint, associated to the prefabricated industrial building sector, is presented. The assessment procedure is performed through a parametric modeling of the building properties bases on the analysis of different sizes and designs. A detailed discussion of the outputs is presented, including the comparison of the environmental performance depending on different construction requirements.
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environmental impact of industrial prefabricated buildings carbon and Energy Footprint analysis based on an lca approach
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Maria Cleofe Merico, Gloria Pignatta, Anna Laura Pisello, Franco Cotana, Andrea NicoliniAbstract:Abstract The world-wide effort to reduce the environmental impact associated to the industrial sector is quickly producing an increasing feedback on national and international decision makers. In this context, the analysis of life-cycle based assessments on the main impact categories associated to the pre-production, production, assembly, use, and end-of- life phases represents a powerful tool towards a holistic interpretation of the Footprint from industrial buildings. The Italian prefabricated building sector, characterized, on average, by local enterprises with regional coverage, has been investigated in order to study the Carbon and Energy Footprints. Data from a large company, running several facilities spread on the national territory, have been collected and analyzed in order to provide a parameterized evaluation of the GHG emission and the Energy consumption associated to the single phases of the building life cycle as a function of the sensible design requirements. The quantification of the Carbon and the Energy Footprint, associated to the prefabricated industrial building sector, is presented. The assessment procedure is performed through a parametric modeling of the building properties bases on the analysis of different sizes and designs. A detailed discussion of the outputs is presented, including the comparison of the environmental performance depending on different construction requirements.
Emanuele Bonamente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carbon and Energy Footprint of the hydrate based biogas upgrading process integrated with co2 valorization
Science of The Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Beatrice Castellani, Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Federico Rossi, Andrea Nicolini, Franco CotanaAbstract:Abstract The present paper aims at assessing the carbon and Energy Footprint of an Energy process, in which the Energy excess from intermittent renewable sources is used to produce hydrogen which reacts with the CO 2 previously separated from an innovative biogas upgrading process. The process integrates a hydrate-based biogas upgrading section and a CO 2 methanation section, to produce biomethane from the biogas enrichment and synthetic methane from the CO 2 methanation. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds, formed by gas enclathrated in cages of water molecules and are applied to the selective separation of CO 2 from biogas mixtures. Data from the experimental setup were analyzed in order to evaluate the green-house gas emissions (carbon Footprint CF) and the primary Energy consumption (Energy Footprint EF) associated to the two sections of the process. The biosynthetic methane production during a single-stage process was 0.962 Nm 3 , obtained mixing 0.830 Nm 3 of methane-enriched biogas and 0.132 Nm 3 of synthetic methane. The final volume composition was: 73.82% CH 4 , 19.47% CO 2 , 0.67% H 2 , 1.98% O 2 , 4.06% N 2 and the Energy content was 28.0 MJ/Nm 3 . The functional unit is the unitary amount of produced biosynthetic methane in Nm 3 . Carbon and Energy Footprints are 0.7081 kgCO 2eq /Nm 3 and 28.55 MJ/Nm 3 , respectively, when the electric Energy required by the process is provided by photovoltaic panels. In this scenario, the overall Energy efficiency is about 0.82, higher than the worldwide average Energy efficiency for fossil methane, which is 0.75.
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environmental impact of industrial prefabricated buildings carbon and Energy Footprint analysis based on an lca approach
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Maria Cleofe Merico, Gloria Pignatta, Anna Laura Pisello, Franco Cotana, Andrea NicoliniAbstract:Abstract The world-wide effort to reduce the environmental impact associated to the industrial sector is quickly producing an increasing feedback on national and international decision makers. In this context, the analysis of life-cycle based assessments on the main impact categories associated to the pre-production, production, assembly, use, and end-of- life phases represents a powerful tool towards a holistic interpretation of the Footprint from industrial buildings. The Italian prefabricated building sector, characterized, on average, by local enterprises with regional coverage, has been investigated in order to study the Carbon and Energy Footprints. Data from a large company, running several facilities spread on the national territory, have been collected and analyzed in order to provide a parameterized evaluation of the GHG emission and the Energy consumption associated to the single phases of the building life cycle as a function of the sensible design requirements. The quantification of the Carbon and the Energy Footprint, associated to the prefabricated industrial building sector, is presented. The assessment procedure is performed through a parametric modeling of the building properties bases on the analysis of different sizes and designs. A detailed discussion of the outputs is presented, including the comparison of the environmental performance depending on different construction requirements.
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environmental impact of industrial prefabricated buildings carbon and Energy Footprint analysis based on an lca approach
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Maria Cleofe Merico, Gloria Pignatta, Anna Laura Pisello, Franco Cotana, Andrea NicoliniAbstract:Abstract The world-wide effort to reduce the environmental impact associated to the industrial sector is quickly producing an increasing feedback on national and international decision makers. In this context, the analysis of life-cycle based assessments on the main impact categories associated to the pre-production, production, assembly, use, and end-of- life phases represents a powerful tool towards a holistic interpretation of the Footprint from industrial buildings. The Italian prefabricated building sector, characterized, on average, by local enterprises with regional coverage, has been investigated in order to study the Carbon and Energy Footprints. Data from a large company, running several facilities spread on the national territory, have been collected and analyzed in order to provide a parameterized evaluation of the GHG emission and the Energy consumption associated to the single phases of the building life cycle as a function of the sensible design requirements. The quantification of the Carbon and the Energy Footprint, associated to the prefabricated industrial building sector, is presented. The assessment procedure is performed through a parametric modeling of the building properties bases on the analysis of different sizes and designs. A detailed discussion of the outputs is presented, including the comparison of the environmental performance depending on different construction requirements.
Diego Rosso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Energy Footprint and carbon emission reduction using off the grid solar powered mixing for lagoon treatment
Journal of Environmental Management, 2018Co-Authors: Yuyuan Jiang, Brian Bebee, Alvaro Mendoza, Alice K Robinson, Xiaying Zhang, Diego RossoAbstract:Mixing is the driver for the Energy Footprint of water resource recovery in lagoons. With the availability of solar-powered equipment, one potential measure to decrease the environmental impacts of treatment is to transition to an off-the-grid treatment. We studied the comparative scenarios of an existing grid-powered mixer and a solar-powered mixer. Testing was conducted to monitor the water quality, and to guarantee that the effluent concentrations were maintained equally between the two scenarios. Meanwhile, the Energy consumption was recorded with the electrical Energy monitor by the wastewater treatment utility, and the carbon emission changes were calculated using the emission intensity of the power utility. The results show that after the replacement, both Energy usage and Energy costs were significantly reduced, with the Energy usage having decreased by 70% and its cost by 47%. Additionally, carbon-equivalent emission from electricity importation dropped by 64%, with an effect on the overall carbon emissions (i.e., including all other contributions from the process) decreasing from 3.8% to 1.5%.
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Energy Footprint analysis of brackish groundwater desalination with zero liquid discharge in inland areas of the arabian peninsula
Desalination, 2012Co-Authors: Reza Sobhani, Mansur Abahusayn, Christopher J Gabelich, Diego RossoAbstract:Abstract Semi-arid regions throughout the world face water scarcity and the need for more efficient and alternative sources of drinking water supply. Inland regions in the Arabian Peninsula have the alternate option of coastal seawater desalination and long-distance conveyance, often with lift to substantial elevation. In several aquifers of this region, naturally occurring radium in groundwater is above acceptable standards and must be reduced. We analyzed the Energy Footprint of a modular process employing a combination of pellet reactor for radium and hardness minimization, reverse osmosis with intermediate precipitation, and concentrated brine crystallization to achieve high recovery with zero liquid discharge (ZLD). Pilot tests demonstrate technical viability of the selected processes to achieve high recovery, radium and hardness reduction, and over 95% salinity reduction with zero liquid discharge. The results indicate that the Energy usage per unit volume of water produced from groundwater is consistently lower than coastal seawater desalination, regardless of the conveyance distance. The substantial reduction of Energy, higher recovery and minimized residual discharge of this process are also beneficial to the environment when compared to conventional processes currently being used. The results may be applicable and beneficial to other regions with similar conditions.
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oxygen transfer and uptake nutrient removal and Energy Footprint of parallel full scale ifas and activated sludge processes
Water Research, 2011Co-Authors: Diego Rosso, Sarah Lothman, Matthew K Jeung, Paul Pitt, James W Gellner, Alan Stone, Don HowardAbstract:Abstract Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes are becoming more popular for both secondary and sidestream treatment in wastewater facilities. These processes are a combination of biofilm reactors and activated sludge processes, achieved by introducing and retaining biofilm carrier media in activated sludge reactors. A full-scale train of three IFAS reactors equipped with AnoxKaldnes media and coarse-bubble aeration was tested using off-gas analysis. This was operated independently in parallel to an existing full-scale activated sludge process. Both processes achieved the same percent removal of COD and ammonia, despite the double oxygen demand on the IFAS reactors. In order to prevent kinetic limitations associated with DO diffusional gradients through the IFAS biofilm, this systems was operated at an elevated dissolved oxygen concentration, in line with the manufacturer’s recommendation. Also, to avoid media coalescence on the reactor surface and promote biofilm contact with the substrate, high mixing requirements are specified. Therefore, the air flux in the IFAS reactors was much higher than that of the parallel activated sludge reactors. However, the standardized oxygen transfer efficiency in process water was almost same for both processes. In theory, when the oxygen transfer efficiency is the same, the air used per unit load removed should be the same. However, due to the high DO and mixing requirements, the IFAS reactors were characterized by elevated air flux and air use per unit load treated. This directly reflected in the relative Energy Footprint for aeration, which in this case was much higher for the IFAS system than activated sludge.
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effects of soluble and particulate substrate on the carbon and Energy Footprint of wastewater treatment processes
Water Research, 2011Co-Authors: Riccardo Gori, Reza Sobhani, Luman Jiang, Diego RossoAbstract:Abstract Most wastewater treatment plants monitor routinely carbonaceous and nitrogenous load parameters in influent and effluent streams, and often in the intermediate steps. COD fractionation discriminates the selective removal of VSS components in different operations, allowing accurate quantification of the Energy requirements and mass flows for secondary treatment, sludge digestion, and sedimentation. We analysed the different effects of COD fractions on carbon and Energy Footprint in a wastewater treatment plant with activated sludge in nutrient removal mode and anaerobic digestion of the sludge with biogas Energy recovery. After presenting a simple rational procedure for COD and solids fractions quantification, we use our carbon and Energy Footprint models to quantify the effects of varying fractions on carbon equivalent flows, process Energy demand and recovery. A full-scale real process was modelled with this procedure and the results are reported in terms of Energy and carbon Footprint. For a given process, the increase of the ratio sCOD/COD increases the Energy demand on the aeration reactors, the associated CO 2 direct emission from respiration, and the indirect emission for power generation. Even though it appears as if enhanced primary sedimentation is a carbon and Energy Footprint mitigation practice, care must be used since the nutrient removal process downstream may suffer from an excessive bCOD removal and an increased mean cell retention time for nutrient removal may be required.
Sara Rinaldi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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flue gas treatment by power to gas integration for methane and ammonia synthesis Energy and environmental analysis
Energy Conversion and Management, 2018Co-Authors: Beatrice Castellani, Sara Rinaldi, Elena Morini, Benedetto Nastasi, Federico RossiAbstract:Abstract The present paper aims at assessing the carbon and Energy Footprint of an innovative process for carbon dioxide recycling, with flue gas as feedstock of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Nitrogen is converted into ammonia through the Haber-Bosch process and carbon dioxide into methane via Sabatier reaction using hydrogen produced by renewable electricity excess. Carbon and Energy Footprint analysis of the process was assessed based on experimental data related to hydrogen production by electrolysis, methane synthesis via Sabatier reaction, Energy consumption and Energy output of the process units for flue gas separation, carbon dioxide methanation and ammonia synthesis. A Life Cycle Assessment method is applied, based on the experimental and computational data, both in case of renewable electricity excess and electricity from the grid. Results show that in case of renewable electricity excess, for a functional unit of 1 kg of treated flue gas, the specific carbon Footprint is 0.7819 kgCO2eq and Energy Footprint is 50.73 MJ, which correspond to 4.012 kg and 260.3 MJ per 1 kg of produced hydrogen. In case of electricity from the grid, the specific carbon Footprint is 1.550 kgCO2eq and Energy Footprint is 59.12 MJ per flue gas mass unit. If the carbon Footprint is positive, the process indirectly leads to avoided emissions, ranging from 0.673 to 0.844 kgCO2eq kg−1fluegas, thus proving the sustainability of the proposed pathway.
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carbon and Energy Footprint of the hydrate based biogas upgrading process integrated with co2 valorization
Science of The Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Beatrice Castellani, Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Federico Rossi, Andrea Nicolini, Franco CotanaAbstract:Abstract The present paper aims at assessing the carbon and Energy Footprint of an Energy process, in which the Energy excess from intermittent renewable sources is used to produce hydrogen which reacts with the CO 2 previously separated from an innovative biogas upgrading process. The process integrates a hydrate-based biogas upgrading section and a CO 2 methanation section, to produce biomethane from the biogas enrichment and synthetic methane from the CO 2 methanation. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds, formed by gas enclathrated in cages of water molecules and are applied to the selective separation of CO 2 from biogas mixtures. Data from the experimental setup were analyzed in order to evaluate the green-house gas emissions (carbon Footprint CF) and the primary Energy consumption (Energy Footprint EF) associated to the two sections of the process. The biosynthetic methane production during a single-stage process was 0.962 Nm 3 , obtained mixing 0.830 Nm 3 of methane-enriched biogas and 0.132 Nm 3 of synthetic methane. The final volume composition was: 73.82% CH 4 , 19.47% CO 2 , 0.67% H 2 , 1.98% O 2 , 4.06% N 2 and the Energy content was 28.0 MJ/Nm 3 . The functional unit is the unitary amount of produced biosynthetic methane in Nm 3 . Carbon and Energy Footprints are 0.7081 kgCO 2eq /Nm 3 and 28.55 MJ/Nm 3 , respectively, when the electric Energy required by the process is provided by photovoltaic panels. In this scenario, the overall Energy efficiency is about 0.82, higher than the worldwide average Energy efficiency for fossil methane, which is 0.75.
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environmental impact of industrial prefabricated buildings carbon and Energy Footprint analysis based on an lca approach
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Maria Cleofe Merico, Gloria Pignatta, Anna Laura Pisello, Franco Cotana, Andrea NicoliniAbstract:Abstract The world-wide effort to reduce the environmental impact associated to the industrial sector is quickly producing an increasing feedback on national and international decision makers. In this context, the analysis of life-cycle based assessments on the main impact categories associated to the pre-production, production, assembly, use, and end-of- life phases represents a powerful tool towards a holistic interpretation of the Footprint from industrial buildings. The Italian prefabricated building sector, characterized, on average, by local enterprises with regional coverage, has been investigated in order to study the Carbon and Energy Footprints. Data from a large company, running several facilities spread on the national territory, have been collected and analyzed in order to provide a parameterized evaluation of the GHG emission and the Energy consumption associated to the single phases of the building life cycle as a function of the sensible design requirements. The quantification of the Carbon and the Energy Footprint, associated to the prefabricated industrial building sector, is presented. The assessment procedure is performed through a parametric modeling of the building properties bases on the analysis of different sizes and designs. A detailed discussion of the outputs is presented, including the comparison of the environmental performance depending on different construction requirements.
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environmental impact of industrial prefabricated buildings carbon and Energy Footprint analysis based on an lca approach
Energy Procedia, 2014Co-Authors: Emanuele Bonamente, Sara Rinaldi, Maria Cleofe Merico, Gloria Pignatta, Anna Laura Pisello, Franco Cotana, Andrea NicoliniAbstract:Abstract The world-wide effort to reduce the environmental impact associated to the industrial sector is quickly producing an increasing feedback on national and international decision makers. In this context, the analysis of life-cycle based assessments on the main impact categories associated to the pre-production, production, assembly, use, and end-of- life phases represents a powerful tool towards a holistic interpretation of the Footprint from industrial buildings. The Italian prefabricated building sector, characterized, on average, by local enterprises with regional coverage, has been investigated in order to study the Carbon and Energy Footprints. Data from a large company, running several facilities spread on the national territory, have been collected and analyzed in order to provide a parameterized evaluation of the GHG emission and the Energy consumption associated to the single phases of the building life cycle as a function of the sensible design requirements. The quantification of the Carbon and the Energy Footprint, associated to the prefabricated industrial building sector, is presented. The assessment procedure is performed through a parametric modeling of the building properties bases on the analysis of different sizes and designs. A detailed discussion of the outputs is presented, including the comparison of the environmental performance depending on different construction requirements.
Dabo Guan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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linking city level input output table to urban Energy Footprint construction framework and application
Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Heran Zheng, Jing Meng, Malin Song, Yuli Shan, Dabo GuanAbstract:Multiregion input–output (MRIO) models have become increasingly important in economic and environmental analysis. However, the current resolution of most MRIO models fails to capture the heterogeneity between subregions, especially in cities. The lack of city‐level MRIO tables has impeded the accomplishment of city‐level studies and hampered the understanding of the relationship between urban growth and consumption, and teleconnections to other regions. In this paper, we propose a partial survey‐based multiple‐layer framework for MRIO table compilation of a Chinese province that distinguishes city‐based regions. This framework can effectively address a large number of data processes and retain consistency between layers. Using the framework, we first compile a nested Hebei‐China city‐level MRIO table and then apply city‐level Energy Footprint accounting of the North China urban agglomeration. Our results present the critical role of Hebei cities in Energy supply in 2012 and quantify Energy use embodied in goods for the domestic trade. Tangshan, Shijiazhuang, and Handan are distinctive cities in the Energy supply chain of other regions, for both less developed and developed regions. This multiple‐layer framework represents a feasible approach for developing subregional‐level MRIO models and offers the possibility to analyze global trade at the subregional level with limited data. The data and results from the analysis in this article are available for download from China Emission Accounts and Datasets.