The Experts below are selected from a list of 66 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
C R Cheeseman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metal leaching from monolithic stabilised/solidified air pollution control residues.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2010Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, M Pellizon-birelli, G D Fowler, C R CheesemanAbstract:Portland cement (CEM I) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) have been used to treat air pollution control (APC) residues from an Energy-from-Waste Plant burning municipal solid waste. Stabilised/solidified (s/s) products were prepared with binder additions ranging from 10 to 50 wt.% of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.40 and 0.80. Monolithic leach tests (EA NEN 7375:2004) indicated that 50% binder additions were necessary to meet the UK monolithic Waste Acceptance Criteria (monWAC) for Pb and Zn, and previous work indicated that chloride leaching exceeded WAC even at this binder addition. Lower binder additions (20 and 10%) did not sufficiently reduce leaching of Pb. Although the monWAC are based on an assumption that leaching is diffusion-controlled, evaluation of leaching mechanisms indicates that more complex processes than diffusion occur for s/s APC residues.
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Glass-ceramics from plasma treated air pollution control (APC) residues
2009Co-Authors: D. Amutha Rani, C R Cheeseman, Judith A. Roether, E. Gomez, D. Deegan, A. R. BoccacciniAbstract:Air pollution control (APC) residues from a UK energy from waste Plant were blended with alumina and silica, and melted using DC plasma arc technology to produce a glass. Results from the compliance leaching test BS EN 12457-4 demonstrated that the APC residue derived glass released only trace levels of metals, e.g. Pb (0·011 mg/kg), Zn (0·009 mg/kg) and Cl - (0·2 mg/kg). These are significantly below the waste acceptance criteria (WAC) limit values for the disposal of waste to inert landfill. A powder processing method was used to convert the APC residues derived glass to a glass-ceramic during which the crystallisation behaviour and microstructural features were studied. Our results have shown that plasma treatment of APC residues produces an inert glass that has potential applications as a bulk material in civil engineering applications, or as a higher value glass-ceramic product after a crystallisation heat treatment.
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Solidification/stabilisation of air pollution control residues using Portland cement: Physical properties and chloride leaching.
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2008Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, C R CheesemanAbstract:Portland cement (CEMI) was used to solidify air pollution control (APC) residues from an Energy-from-Waste Plant burning municipal solid waste. APC residue/CEMI mixes were prepared with CEMI additions ranging from 0 to 50 weight% (wt%) of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.40 and 0.80. Isothermal conduction calorimetry was used to assess the effect of APC residues on the hydration of CEMI. Although up to 30 wt% additions of APC residues accelerated CEMI hydration, the total heat of hydration during the initial 98 h was significantly reduced. Higher levels of APC residues severely inhibited CEMI hydration. The consistence, setting time, compressive strength, porosity and chloride leaching characteristics of the solidified products were determined. As might be expected, increasing the CEMI addition and reducing the water content resulted in increased compressive strengths. All mixes achieved compressive strengths greater than 1 MPa at 7 and 28 days but only 50 wt% samples did not show significant strength reduction when tested after immersion in water. Monolithic leaching tests indicated low physical immobilisation of chloride in the CEMI solidified APC residues, with chloride leaching in excess of relevant UK landfill waste acceptance criteria (WAC). The results of this study show that greater than 50% CEMI additions would be required to effectively treat APC residues to meet current WAC limits.
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Chloride leaching from air pollution control residues solidified using ground granulated blast furnace slag.
Chemosphere, 2008Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, C R CheesemanAbstract:Ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) has been used to solidify air pollution control (APC) residues obtained from a major UK Energy-from-Waste Plant. Samples were prepared with ggbs additions between 10 and 50 wt% of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.35 and 0.80. Consistence, setting time, compressive strength and leaching characteristics have been investigated. Results indicated that the highly alkaline nature of APC residues due to the presence of free lime can be used to activate ggbs hydration reactions. Increasing ggbs additions and reducing the water content resulted in increased compressive strengths, with 50 wt% ggbs samples having average 28 d strengths of 20.6 MPa. Leaching tests indicate low physical encapsulation and minimal chemical fixation of chloride in ggbs solidified APC residues. The results suggest that more than 50 wt% ggbs additions would be required to treat APC residues to meet the current waste acceptance criteria limits for chloride.
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Novel cementitious materials produced from incinerator bottom ash
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: X. C. Qiao, Mark Tyrer, Chi Sun Poon, C R CheesemanAbstract:Abstract The fine fraction of incinerator bottom ash (IBA) obtained from an energy from waste Plant has been milled and thermally treated at 800 °C to investigate the potential for exploiting IBA as a cementitious material. In addition to decomposition of CaCO3 to CaO, thermal treatment increases the content of gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7), wollastonite (CaSiO3) and mayenite (Ca12Al14O33). Monolithic samples have been formed by adding 10 wt.% Ca(OH)2 at water to solid (w/s) ratios of 0.50 and 0.20. The high w/s samples were formed by casting and the low w/s samples were formed by pressing. The setting time and physical properties of cured samples were determined including compressive strength and the extent of reaction of Ca(OH)2. Hydration products included a mixed sulphate-carbonate AFm-type phase (Ca4Al2O6(CO3)0.67(SO3)0.33·11H2O) and a low Ca/Si ratio C–S–H gel. The release of hydrogen gas from IBA due to residual Al metal did not cause macro-porosity to form in the pressed samples, and these novel materials had significant compressive strengths of 12.7 and 14.7 MPa at 7 and 28 days, respectively.
C Lampris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metal leaching from monolithic stabilised/solidified air pollution control residues.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2010Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, M Pellizon-birelli, G D Fowler, C R CheesemanAbstract:Portland cement (CEM I) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) have been used to treat air pollution control (APC) residues from an Energy-from-Waste Plant burning municipal solid waste. Stabilised/solidified (s/s) products were prepared with binder additions ranging from 10 to 50 wt.% of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.40 and 0.80. Monolithic leach tests (EA NEN 7375:2004) indicated that 50% binder additions were necessary to meet the UK monolithic Waste Acceptance Criteria (monWAC) for Pb and Zn, and previous work indicated that chloride leaching exceeded WAC even at this binder addition. Lower binder additions (20 and 10%) did not sufficiently reduce leaching of Pb. Although the monWAC are based on an assumption that leaching is diffusion-controlled, evaluation of leaching mechanisms indicates that more complex processes than diffusion occur for s/s APC residues.
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Solidification/stabilisation of air pollution control residues using Portland cement: Physical properties and chloride leaching.
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2008Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, C R CheesemanAbstract:Portland cement (CEMI) was used to solidify air pollution control (APC) residues from an Energy-from-Waste Plant burning municipal solid waste. APC residue/CEMI mixes were prepared with CEMI additions ranging from 0 to 50 weight% (wt%) of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.40 and 0.80. Isothermal conduction calorimetry was used to assess the effect of APC residues on the hydration of CEMI. Although up to 30 wt% additions of APC residues accelerated CEMI hydration, the total heat of hydration during the initial 98 h was significantly reduced. Higher levels of APC residues severely inhibited CEMI hydration. The consistence, setting time, compressive strength, porosity and chloride leaching characteristics of the solidified products were determined. As might be expected, increasing the CEMI addition and reducing the water content resulted in increased compressive strengths. All mixes achieved compressive strengths greater than 1 MPa at 7 and 28 days but only 50 wt% samples did not show significant strength reduction when tested after immersion in water. Monolithic leaching tests indicated low physical immobilisation of chloride in the CEMI solidified APC residues, with chloride leaching in excess of relevant UK landfill waste acceptance criteria (WAC). The results of this study show that greater than 50% CEMI additions would be required to effectively treat APC residues to meet current WAC limits.
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Chloride leaching from air pollution control residues solidified using ground granulated blast furnace slag.
Chemosphere, 2008Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, C R CheesemanAbstract:Ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) has been used to solidify air pollution control (APC) residues obtained from a major UK Energy-from-Waste Plant. Samples were prepared with ggbs additions between 10 and 50 wt% of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.35 and 0.80. Consistence, setting time, compressive strength and leaching characteristics have been investigated. Results indicated that the highly alkaline nature of APC residues due to the presence of free lime can be used to activate ggbs hydration reactions. Increasing ggbs additions and reducing the water content resulted in increased compressive strengths, with 50 wt% ggbs samples having average 28 d strengths of 20.6 MPa. Leaching tests indicate low physical encapsulation and minimal chemical fixation of chloride in ggbs solidified APC residues. The results suggest that more than 50 wt% ggbs additions would be required to treat APC residues to meet the current waste acceptance criteria limits for chloride.
A R Occaccini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ceramic processing of incinerator bottom ash
Waste Management, 2003Co-Authors: C R Cheesema, Monteiro S Da Rocha, C J Sollars, S Ethanis, A R OccacciniAbstract:The <8 mm fraction of aged incinerator bottom ash from a commercial incinerator (energy from waste) Plant has been collected at regular intervals, characterised and processed to form ceramic materials. Ashes were sieved, wet ball milled, dried, compacted and sintered at temperatures between 1080 and 1115 °C. Variations in the chemical composition and mineralogy of the milled ash, and the mineralogy, physical properties and leaching of sintered products have been assessed. Milling produces a raw material with consistent chemical and mineralogical composition with quartz (SiO2), calcite (CaCO3), gehlenite (Ca2Al(AlSi)O7) and hematite (Fe2O3) being the major crystalline phases present. Different batches also milled to give consistent particle size distributions. Sintering milled incinerator bottom ash at 1110 °C produced ceramics with densities between 2.43 and 2.64 g/cm−3 and major crystalline phases of wollastonite (CaSiO3) and diopside (CaMgSi2O6). The sintered ceramics had reduced acid neutralisation capacity compared to the as-received ash and exhibited reduced leaching of Ca, Mg, Na and K under all pH conditions. The leaching of heavy metals was also significantly reduced due to encapsulation and incorporation into glassy and crystalline phases, with Cu and Al showing greatly reduced leaching under alkali conditions.
J A Stegemann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Metal leaching from monolithic stabilised/solidified air pollution control residues.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2010Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, M Pellizon-birelli, G D Fowler, C R CheesemanAbstract:Portland cement (CEM I) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) have been used to treat air pollution control (APC) residues from an Energy-from-Waste Plant burning municipal solid waste. Stabilised/solidified (s/s) products were prepared with binder additions ranging from 10 to 50 wt.% of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.40 and 0.80. Monolithic leach tests (EA NEN 7375:2004) indicated that 50% binder additions were necessary to meet the UK monolithic Waste Acceptance Criteria (monWAC) for Pb and Zn, and previous work indicated that chloride leaching exceeded WAC even at this binder addition. Lower binder additions (20 and 10%) did not sufficiently reduce leaching of Pb. Although the monWAC are based on an assumption that leaching is diffusion-controlled, evaluation of leaching mechanisms indicates that more complex processes than diffusion occur for s/s APC residues.
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Solidification/stabilisation of air pollution control residues using Portland cement: Physical properties and chloride leaching.
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2008Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, C R CheesemanAbstract:Portland cement (CEMI) was used to solidify air pollution control (APC) residues from an Energy-from-Waste Plant burning municipal solid waste. APC residue/CEMI mixes were prepared with CEMI additions ranging from 0 to 50 weight% (wt%) of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.40 and 0.80. Isothermal conduction calorimetry was used to assess the effect of APC residues on the hydration of CEMI. Although up to 30 wt% additions of APC residues accelerated CEMI hydration, the total heat of hydration during the initial 98 h was significantly reduced. Higher levels of APC residues severely inhibited CEMI hydration. The consistence, setting time, compressive strength, porosity and chloride leaching characteristics of the solidified products were determined. As might be expected, increasing the CEMI addition and reducing the water content resulted in increased compressive strengths. All mixes achieved compressive strengths greater than 1 MPa at 7 and 28 days but only 50 wt% samples did not show significant strength reduction when tested after immersion in water. Monolithic leaching tests indicated low physical immobilisation of chloride in the CEMI solidified APC residues, with chloride leaching in excess of relevant UK landfill waste acceptance criteria (WAC). The results of this study show that greater than 50% CEMI additions would be required to effectively treat APC residues to meet current WAC limits.
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Chloride leaching from air pollution control residues solidified using ground granulated blast furnace slag.
Chemosphere, 2008Co-Authors: C Lampris, J A Stegemann, C R CheesemanAbstract:Ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) has been used to solidify air pollution control (APC) residues obtained from a major UK Energy-from-Waste Plant. Samples were prepared with ggbs additions between 10 and 50 wt% of total dry mass and water/solids ratios between 0.35 and 0.80. Consistence, setting time, compressive strength and leaching characteristics have been investigated. Results indicated that the highly alkaline nature of APC residues due to the presence of free lime can be used to activate ggbs hydration reactions. Increasing ggbs additions and reducing the water content resulted in increased compressive strengths, with 50 wt% ggbs samples having average 28 d strengths of 20.6 MPa. Leaching tests indicate low physical encapsulation and minimal chemical fixation of chloride in ggbs solidified APC residues. The results suggest that more than 50 wt% ggbs additions would be required to treat APC residues to meet the current waste acceptance criteria limits for chloride.
C R Cheesema - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ceramic processing of incinerator bottom ash
Waste Management, 2003Co-Authors: C R Cheesema, Monteiro S Da Rocha, C J Sollars, S Ethanis, A R OccacciniAbstract:The <8 mm fraction of aged incinerator bottom ash from a commercial incinerator (energy from waste) Plant has been collected at regular intervals, characterised and processed to form ceramic materials. Ashes were sieved, wet ball milled, dried, compacted and sintered at temperatures between 1080 and 1115 °C. Variations in the chemical composition and mineralogy of the milled ash, and the mineralogy, physical properties and leaching of sintered products have been assessed. Milling produces a raw material with consistent chemical and mineralogical composition with quartz (SiO2), calcite (CaCO3), gehlenite (Ca2Al(AlSi)O7) and hematite (Fe2O3) being the major crystalline phases present. Different batches also milled to give consistent particle size distributions. Sintering milled incinerator bottom ash at 1110 °C produced ceramics with densities between 2.43 and 2.64 g/cm−3 and major crystalline phases of wollastonite (CaSiO3) and diopside (CaMgSi2O6). The sintered ceramics had reduced acid neutralisation capacity compared to the as-received ash and exhibited reduced leaching of Ca, Mg, Na and K under all pH conditions. The leaching of heavy metals was also significantly reduced due to encapsulation and incorporation into glassy and crystalline phases, with Cu and Al showing greatly reduced leaching under alkali conditions.