The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Barbara J. Rolls - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The effect of fruit in different forms on Energy Intake and satiety at a meal.
Appetite, 2008Co-Authors: Julie E. Flood-obbagy, Barbara J. RollsAbstract:Consuming whole fruit reduces ratings of satiety more than fruit juice, but little is known about the effects of different forms of fruit on subsequent Energy Intake. This study tested how consuming preloads of apples in different forms prior to a meal (apple, applesauce, and apple juice with and without added fiber) influences satiety and Energy Intake at meal. Preloads were matched for weight, Energy content, Energy density, and ingestion rate. Once a week for 5 weeks, 58 adults consumed one of four preloads (266 g; 125 kcal [523 kJ]), or no preload (control), followed by a test meal consumed ad libitum 15 min later. Results showed that eating apple reduced lunch Energy Intake (preload + test meal) by 15% (187 ± 36 kcal [782 ± 151 kJ]) compared to control (p applesauce > both juices > control). Overall, whole apple increased satiety more than applesauce or apple juice. Adding naturally occurring levels of fiber to juice did not enhance satiety. These results suggest that solid fruit affects satiety more than pureed fruit or juice, and that eating fruit at the start of a meal can reduce Energy Intake.
-
the effect of increased beverage portion size on Energy Intake at a meal
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2006Co-Authors: Julie E Flood, Barbara J. RollsAbstract:Abstract Objective This study examined the impact of increasing beverage portion size on beverage and food Intake. Subjects Thirty-three subjects, 18 women and 15 men, were included. Intervention In a crossover design, subjects consumed lunch in the laboratory once a week for 6 weeks. At each test lunch, the same foods were served, but the beverage served was varied in type (cola, diet cola, or water) and portion size (360 g/12 fl oz or 540 g/18 fl oz). Main Outcome Measures Beverage Intake (g); Energy Intake from foods and beverages (kcal); and ratings of hunger, satiety, and characteristics of the foods and beverages served. Results Increasing beverage portion size significantly increased the weight of beverage consumed, regardless of the type of beverage served ( P P P Conclusions Serving a larger portion of beverage resulted in increased beverage consumption, and increased Energy Intake from the beverage when a caloric beverage was served. Serving a caloric beverage resulted in an overall increase in total Energy consumed at lunch. Therefore, replacing caloric beverages with low-calorie or noncaloric beverages can be an effective strategy for decreasing Energy Intake.
-
dietary Energy density is associated with Energy Intake and weight status in us adults
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Jenny H Ledikwe, Heidi M Blanck, Laura Kettel Khan, Mary K Serdula, Jennifer Seymour, Beth C Tohill, Barbara J. RollsAbstract:BACKGROUND: Laboratory-based investigations indicate that the consumption of foods with a low Energy density (kcal/g) decreases Energy Intake. Although low-Energy-dense diets are recommended for weight management, relations between Energy density, Energy Intake, and weight status have not been clearly shown in free-living persons. OBJECTIVES: A representative US sample was used to determine whether dietary Energy density is associated with Energy Intake, the weight of food consumed, and body weight and to explore the influence of food choices (fruit, vegetable, and fat consumption) on Energy density and body weight. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of adults (n = 7356) from the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and two 24-h dietary recalls were used. RESULTS: Men and women with a low-Energy-dense diet had lower Energy Intakes ([almost equal to]425 and 275 kcal/d less, respectively) than did those with a high-Energy-dense diet, even though they consumed more food ([almost equal to]400 and 300 g/d more, respectively). Normal-weight persons had diets with a lower Energy density than did obese persons. Persons with a high fruit and vegetable Intake had the lowest Energy density values and the lowest obesity prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Adults consuming a low-Energy-dense diet are likely to consume more food (by weight) but to have a lower Energy Intake than do those consuming a higher-Energy-dense diet. The Energy density of a variety of dietary patterns, including higher-fat diets, can be lowered by adding fruit and vegetables. Our findings support the hypothesis that a relation exists between the consumption of an Energy-dense diet and obesity and provide evidence of the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption for weight management.
-
larger portion sizes lead to a sustained increase in Energy Intake over 2 days
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2006Co-Authors: Barbara J. Rolls, Liane S Roe, Jennifer S MeengsAbstract:Abstract Objective We tested the effect on Energy Intake of increasing the portion size of all foods and beverages served over 2 consecutive days. Design The study used a randomized crossover design. Subjects/setting Subjects were 32 adults from a university community. Intervention For 2 consecutive days in each of 3 weeks, subjects ate their main meals in a controlled setting and were given snacks for consumption between meals. We used the same two daily menus each week, but varied the portion sizes of all foods and beverages served in a given week (either 100%, 150%, or 200% of baseline amounts). Main Outcome Measures Energy Intake and ratings of hunger and satiety were measured. Statistical Analyses Performed A linear mixed model with repeated measures was used. Results There was a significant effect of portion size on Energy Intake in both men and women ( P P =0.0004), but did not differ significantly in the 150% and 200% conditions. Conclusions Increasing the portion size of all foods resulted in a significant increase in Energy Intake that was sustained over 2 days. These data support suggestions that large portions are associated with excess Energy Intake that could contribute to increased body weight.
-
reductions in portion size and Energy density of foods are additive and lead to sustained decreases in Energy Intake
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006Co-Authors: Barbara J. Rolls, Jennifer S MeengsAbstract:BACKGROUND: When the portion size and Energy density (in kcal/g) of a food are varied simultaneously in a single meal, each influences Energy Intake independently. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine how the effects of portion size and Energy density combine to influence Energy Intake and satiety over multiple meals for 2 d. DESIGN: In a crossover design, 24 young women were provided with meals and snacks for 2 consecutive days per week for 4 wk; all foods were consumed ad libitum. Across the 4 sessions, the subjects were served the same 2 daily menus, but all foods were varied in portion size and Energy density between a standard level (100%) and a reduced level (75%). RESULTS: Reducing the portion size and Energy density of all foods led to significant and independent decreases in Energy Intake over 2 d (P < 0.0001). A 25% decrease in portion size led to a 10% decrease in Energy Intake (231 kcal/d), and a 25% decrease in Energy density led to a 24% decrease in Energy Intake (575 kcal/d). The effects on Energy Intake were additive and were sustained from meal to meal. Despite the large variation in Energy Intake, there were no significant differences in the ratings of hunger and fullness across conditions over the 2 d. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in portion size and Energy density independently decreased ad libitum Energy Intake in women when commonly consumed foods were served over 2 d. Reductions in both portion size and Energy density can help to moderate Energy Intake without increased hunger.
Leonard H. Epstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
eating behavior dimensions associations with Energy Intake and body weight a review
Appetite, 2012Co-Authors: Simone A French, Robert W Jeffery, Leonard H. Epstein, John E Blundell, Jane WardleAbstract:The purpose of this review is to spark integrative thinking in the area of eating behaviors by critically examining research on exemplary constructs in this area. The eating behaviors food responsiveness, enjoyment of eating, satiety responsiveness, eating in the absence of hunger, reinforcing value of food, eating disinhibition and impulsivity/self-control are reviewed in relation to Energy Intake, body mass index and weight gain over time. Each of these constructs has been developed independently, and little research has explored the extent to which they overlap or whether they differentially predict food choices, Energy Intake and weight gain in the naturalistic environment. Most available data show positive cross-sectional associations with body mass index, but fewer studies report associations with Energy Intake or food choices. Little prospective data are available to link measures of eating behaviors with weight gain. Disinhibition has the largest and most consistent body of empirical data that link it prospectively with weight gain. An overarching conceptual model to integrate the conceptual and empirical research base for the role of eating behavior dimensions in the field of obesity research would highlight potential patterns of interaction between individual differences in eating behaviors, specific aspects of the individual’s food environment and individual variation in state levels of hunger and satiety.
-
food reinforcement Energy Intake and macronutrient choice
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2011Co-Authors: Leonard H. Epstein, Katelyn A Carr, Kelly D FletcherAbstract:Background: Food is a powerful reinforcer that motivates people to eat. The relative reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) is associated with obesity and Energy Intake and interacts with impulsivity to predict Energy Intake. Objective: How RRVfood is related to macronutrient choice in ad libitum eating tasks in humans has not been studied; however, animal research suggests that sugar or simple carbohydrates may be a determinant of reward value in food. This study assessed which macronutrients are associated with food reinforcement. Design: Two hundred seventy-three adults with various body mass indexes were assessed for RRVfood, the relative reinforcing value of reading, food hedonics, Energy Intake in an ad libitum taste test, and usual Energy Intake derived from repeated 24-h dietary recalls. Multiple regression was used to assess the relation between predictors of total Energy and Energy associated with macronutrient Intake after control for age, sex, income, education, minority status, and other macronutrient Intakes. Results: The results showed that the relative proportion of responding for food compared with reading (RRVprop) was positively related to body mass index, laboratory-measured Energy Intake, and usual Energy Intake. In addition, RRVprop was a predictor of sugar Intake but not of total carbohydrate, fat, or protein Intake. Conclusion: These results are consistent with basic animal research showing that sugar is related to food reward and with the hypothesis that food reward processes are more strongly related to eating than are food hedonics. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00962117. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:12–8.
-
Delay discounting moderates the effect of food reinforcement on Energy Intake among non-obese women.
Appetite, 2010Co-Authors: Brandi Y. Rollins, Kelly K. Dearing, Leonard H. EpsteinAbstract:Recent theoretical approaches to food Intake hypothesize that eating represents a balance between reward-driven motivation to eat versus inhibitory executive function processes, however this hypothesis remains to be tested. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the motivation to eat, operationalized by the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of food, and inhibitory processes, assessed by delay discounting (DD), interact to influence Energy Intake in an ad libitum eating task. Female subjects (n = 24) completed a DD of money procedure, RRV task, and an ad libitum eating task in counterbalanced sessions. RRV of food predicted total Energy Intake, however the effect of the RRV of food on Energy Intake was moderated by DD. Women higher in DD and RRV of food consumed greater total Energy, whereas women higher in RRV of food but lower in DD consumed less total Energy. Our findings support the hypothesis that reinforcing value and executive function mediated processes interactively influence food consumption.
-
food reinforcement the dopamine d2 receptor genotype and Energy Intake in obese and nonobese humans
Behavioral Neuroscience, 2007Co-Authors: Leonard H. Epstein, Jennifer L Temple, Brad J Neaderhiser, Robbert J Salis, Richard W Erbe, John J LeddyAbstract:The authors measured food reinforcement, polymorphisms of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes, and laboratory Energy Intake in 29 obese and 45 nonobese humans 18–40 years old. Food reinforcement was greater in obese than in nonobese individuals, especially in obese individuals with the TaqI A1 allele. Energy Intake was greater for individuals high in food reinforcement and greatest in those high in food reinforcement with the TaqI A1 allele. No effect of the DAT1 genotype was observed. These data show that individual differences in food reinforcement may be important for obesity and that the DRD2 genotype may interact with food reinforcement to influence Energy Intake.
Barry M Popkin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
trends in Energy Intake among us children by eating location and food source 1977 2006
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2011Co-Authors: Jennifer M Poti, Barry M PopkinAbstract:Abstract Background Little is known about the influence of location of food consumption and preparation upon daily Energy Intake of children. Objective To examine trends in daily Energy Intake by children for foods eaten at home or away from home, by source of preparation, and for combined categories of eating location and food source. Subjects The analysis uses data from 29,217 children aged 2 to 18 years from the 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, 1989-1991 and 1994-1998 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, and 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods Nationally representative weighted percentages and means of daily Energy Intake by eating location were analyzed for trends from 1977 to 2006. Comparisons by food source were examined from 1994 to 2006. Analyses were repeated for three age groups: 2 to 6 years, 7 to 12 years, and 13 to 18 years. Difference testing was conducted using a t test. Results Increased Energy Intake (+179 kcal/day) by children from 1977-2006 was associated with a major increase in Energy eaten away from home (+255 kcal/day). The percentage of daily Energy eaten away from home increased from 23.4% to 33.9% from 1977-2006. No further increase was observed from 1994-2006, but the sources of Energy shifted. The percentage of Energy from fast food increased to surpass Intake from schools and become the largest contributor to foods prepared away from home for all age groups. For foods eaten away from home, the percentage of daily Energy from stores increased to become the largest source of Energy eaten away from home. Fast food eaten at home and store-bought food eaten away from home increased significantly. Conclusions Eating location and food source significantly influence daily Energy Intake for children. Foods prepared away from home, including fast food eaten at home and store-prepared food eaten away from home, are fueling the increase in total Energy Intake. However, further research using alternative data sources is necessary to verify that store-bought foods eaten away from home are increasingly store-prepared.
-
impact of water Intake on Energy Intake and weight status a systematic review
Nutrition Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: Melissa C Daniels, Barry M PopkinAbstract:The effects of consuming water with meals rather than drinking no beverage or various other beverages remain under-studied. This systematic review of studies reported in the English-language literature was performed to compare the effects of drinking water and various beverage alternatives on Energy Intake and/or weight status. Relevant clinical trials, epidemiologic studies, and intervention studies were identified and findings across the literature were summarized. From the clinical trials, average differences were calculated in total Energy Intake at test meals (ΔTEI) for each of several beverage categories in comparison with water. The available literature for these comparisons is sparse and somewhat inconclusive. However, one of the most consistent sets of findings was related to adults drinking sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) versus water before a single meal. In these comparisons, total Energy Intakes were 7.8% higher (ΔTEI range, −7.5 to 18.9) when SSBs were consumed. Studies comparing non-nutritive sweeteners with water were also relatively consistent and found no impact on Energy Intake among adults (ΔTEI, −1.3; range, −9 to 13.8). Much less conclusive evidence was found in studies replacing water with milk and juice, with estimated increases in TEI of 14.9% (range, 10.9 to 23.9%). These findings from clinical trials, along with those from epidemiologic and intervention studies, suggest water has a potentially important role to play in reducing Energy Intake, and consequently in obesity prevention. A need for randomized-controlled trials to confirm this role exists.
-
replacing sweetened caloric beverages with drinking water is associated with lower Energy Intake
Obesity, 2007Co-Authors: Jodi D Stookey, Florence Constant, Christopher D Gardner, Barry M PopkinAbstract:STOOKEY, JODI D., FLORENCE CONSTANT, CHRISTOPHER D. GARDNER, AND BARRY M. POPKIN. Replacing sweetened caloric beverages with drinking water is associated with lower Energy Intake. Obesity. 2007;15:3013–3022. Objective: Reduced Intake of sweetened caloric beverages (SCBs) is recommended to lower total Energy Intake. Replacing SCBs with non-caloric diet beverages does not automatically lower Energy Intake, however. Compensatory increases in other food or beverages reportedly negate benefits of diet beverages. The purpose of this study was to evaluate drinking water as an alternative to SCBs. Research Methods and Procedures: Secondary analysis of data from the Stanford A TO Z intervention evaluated change in beverage pattern and total Energy Intake in 118 overweight women (25 to 50 years) who regularly consumed SCBs (12 ounces/d) at baseline. At baseline and 2, 6, and 12 months, mean daily beverage Intake (SCBs, drinking water, non-caloric diet beverages, and nutritious caloric beverages), food composition (macronutrient, water, and fiber content), and total Energy Intake were estimated using three 24-hour diet recalls. Beverage Intake was expressed in relative terms (percentage of beverages). Results: In fixed effects models that controlled for total beverage Intake, non-caloric and nutritious caloric beverage Intake (percentage of beverages), food composition, and Energy expenditure [metabolic equivalent (MET)], replacing SCBs with drinking water was associated with significant decreases in total Energy Intake that were sustained over time. The caloric deficit attributable to replacing SCBs with water was not negated by compensatory increases in other food or beverages. Replacing all SCBs with drinking water was associated with a predicted mean decrease in total Energy of 200 kcal/d over 12 months. Discussion: The results suggest that replacing SCBs with drinking water can help lower total Energy Intake in overweight consumers of SCBs motivated to diet.
Susan A Jebb - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
can self reported dieting and dietary restraint identify underreporters of Energy Intake in dietary surveys
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2006Co-Authors: Kirsten L Rennie, Mario Siervo, Susan A JebbAbstract:Abstract Underreporting is endemic in most dietary studies and ways to reliably identify individuals who may underreport Energy Intake are needed. Whether questions on self-reported dieting and dietary restraint, in addition to weight status, would identify individuals who may underreport Energy Intakes was examined in a United Kingdom representative survey. Mean daily Energy Intake was calculated from the 7-day dietary record of 668 men and 826 women. Reported physical activity was used to assign each subject's activity level and to calculate estimated Energy requirements from published equations. Underreporting was calculated as estimated Energy requirements minus Energy Intake with adjustment for daily variation. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessed dietary restraint. Underreporting was higher in men and women reporting current dieting than nondieters ( P P P P P P =0.02), but similar in overweight women regardless of restraint score. Questions to assess dietary restraint and current dieting may be useful tools to identify and evaluate underreporting at an individual level in dietary surveys.
-
can self reported dieting and dietary restraint identify underreporters of Energy Intake in dietary surveys
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 2006Co-Authors: Kirsten L Rennie, Mario Siervo, Susan A JebbAbstract:Abstract Underreporting is endemic in most dietary studies and ways to reliably identify individuals who may underreport Energy Intake are needed. Whether questions on self-reported dieting and dietary restraint, in addition to weight status, would identify individuals who may underreport Energy Intakes was examined in a United Kingdom representative survey. Mean daily Energy Intake was calculated from the 7-day dietary record of 668 men and 826 women. Reported physical activity was used to assign each subject's activity level and to calculate estimated Energy requirements from published equations. Underreporting was calculated as estimated Energy requirements minus Energy Intake with adjustment for daily variation. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire assessed dietary restraint. Underreporting was higher in men and women reporting current dieting than nondieters ( P P P P P P =0.02), but similar in overweight women regardless of restraint score. Questions to assess dietary restraint and current dieting may be useful tools to identify and evaluate underreporting at an individual level in dietary surveys.
-
measurements of total Energy expenditure provide insights into the validity of dietary measurements of Energy Intake
Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 1993Co-Authors: A E Black, Susan A Jebb, Andrew M Prentice, Gail R Goldberg, Sheila Bingham, Barbara M E Livingstone, Andrew CowardAbstract:The quantification of errors inherent in methods of measuring dietary Intake has been handicapped by the absence of independent markers for testing their validity. The doubly labeled water technique permits a precise measure of Energy expenditure in free-living persons. Because Energy expenditure must equal Energy Intake in populations in Energy balance, this technique may be used to validate the assessment of Energy Intake. A series of studies demonstrated good agreement between mean Energy Intake and mean Energy expenditure when food Intake was recorded by observers or when it was self-reported by normal-weight, self-selected, highly motivated volunteer subjects using weighed records. However, in randomly recruited men and women, Energy Intake by weighed records was 82% and 81%, of Energy expenditure, respectively, indicating underestimation of habitual Intake. Men and women in the lowest third of reported Intake recorded Energy expenditure of only 69% and 61%, respectively. Reported Intake of obese and previously obese women was only 73% and 64% of expenditure, whether measured by weighed record or by diet history, confirming suspicions that these subjects misrepresented their Intake. Acceptable weighed records were obtained from 7- and 9-year-olds whereas 15- and 18-year-olds underestimated Intake. Diet histories taken from the same children tended to overestimate Intake. These studies suggest that, ideally, all dietary studies should include independent measures of validity.
Robert W Jeffery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
eating behavior dimensions associations with Energy Intake and body weight a review
Appetite, 2012Co-Authors: Simone A French, Robert W Jeffery, Leonard H. Epstein, John E Blundell, Jane WardleAbstract:The purpose of this review is to spark integrative thinking in the area of eating behaviors by critically examining research on exemplary constructs in this area. The eating behaviors food responsiveness, enjoyment of eating, satiety responsiveness, eating in the absence of hunger, reinforcing value of food, eating disinhibition and impulsivity/self-control are reviewed in relation to Energy Intake, body mass index and weight gain over time. Each of these constructs has been developed independently, and little research has explored the extent to which they overlap or whether they differentially predict food choices, Energy Intake and weight gain in the naturalistic environment. Most available data show positive cross-sectional associations with body mass index, but fewer studies report associations with Energy Intake or food choices. Little prospective data are available to link measures of eating behaviors with weight gain. Disinhibition has the largest and most consistent body of empirical data that link it prospectively with weight gain. An overarching conceptual model to integrate the conceptual and empirical research base for the role of eating behavior dimensions in the field of obesity research would highlight potential patterns of interaction between individual differences in eating behaviors, specific aspects of the individual’s food environment and individual variation in state levels of hunger and satiety.
-
effects of portion size on chronic Energy Intake
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2007Co-Authors: Robert W Jeffery, Sarah A Rydell, Caroline L Dunn, Paul R Pentel, Allen S. Levine, Lisa J Harnack, J Baxter, Ericka M WalshAbstract:Background: This study experimentally examined the effects of repeated exposure to different meal portion sizes on Energy Intake. Methods: Nineteen employees of a county medical center were given free box lunches for two months, one month each of 1528 and 767 average kcal. Foods were identical in the two conditions, but differed in portion size. Meals averaged 44% calories from fat. Participants self-reported how much of each lunch was eaten. Unannounced 24-hour dietary recalls were also conducted by phone twice per week during each exposure period. Results: Mean Energy Intake at the lunch meal was 332 kcal/day higher in large lunch than in small lunch periods (p < .001). Mean 24-hour Energy Intake was 278 kcal/day higher in large versus small lunch periods (p < .001). There was no evidence of compensation over time. Average weight change over the month of large and small lunches was 0.64 ± 1.16 kg and 0.06 ± 1.03 kg, respectively, about what would be expected with the observed differences in Energy Intake. Conclusion: This study suggests that chronic exposure to large portion size meals can result in sustained increases in Energy Intake and may contribute to body weight increases over time.
-
temporal trends in Energy Intake in the united states an ecologic perspective
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000Co-Authors: Lisa J Harnack, Robert W Jeffery, Kerri N BoutelleAbstract:Background: The causes of recent increases in the prevalence of overweight in the United States are perplexing because national survey data do not show clear patterns of change in Energy Intake or expenditure. Objective: Ecologic data regarding the quantities and types of foods and nutrients available in the United States between 1970 and 1998 were reviewed to provide an alternative perspective on trends in Energy Intake. Design: Literature searches in agriculture, business, and medical library databases were conducted to identify data regarding the quantities and types of foods and nutrients available in the United States between 1970 and 1998. Results: Per capita Energy availability estimates from the US Department of Agriculture, US Food Supply Series, indicate that Energy availability increased by 15% between 1970 and 1994. Data regarding trends in food purchasing and preparation suggest that Americans are eating more meals outside the home, relying more heavily on convenience foods, and consuming larger food portions. Americans appear, in some cases, to be selecting lower-fat foods over higher-fat alternatives. In addition, availability and sales of reduced-Energy and reduced-fat products have increased. Conclusion: Consistent with trends in overweight, most of the ecologic data reviewed suggest that Energy Intake has increased over the past several decades and is likely a major contributor to increases in average body weight.
