The Experts below are selected from a list of 1233 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Defne Apul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI) of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaic Solar Cells
    IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ilke Celik, Adam B. Philips, Zhaoning Song, Randy J. Ellingson, Michael J. Heben, Defne Apul
    Abstract:

    Two-terminal tandem perovskite (PK) cells are considered a promising option for future photovoltaic (PV) market due to the rapid improvements in their power conversion efficiencies. However, their large-scale adoption requires a better understanding on the Energy performance of these PVs. In this paper, the life-cycle Energy consumptions of two-terminal tandem solar cells consisting of lead-based PK top cells prepared on bottom cells of copper indium gallium selenide, copper zinc tin selenide, and monocrystalline silicon are evaluated. The Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and the Energy return on invested (EROI) are the two useful metrics for examining the Energy generation performance of PV systems. EPBTs of the current state-of-the-art devices range from 7 months to 12 months, while the EROI of the cells is in the reverse order as the EPBT and ranged between 5.2 and 9.2. These two Energy indicators of tandem devices are expected to improve as the tandem PV technologies mature, with an EBPT as low as ~27 day (0.9 month) and the EROI as high as 105 for high-efficiency long-lifeTime devices.

  • Energy Payback Time epbt and Energy return on Energy invested eroi of solar photovoltaic systems a systematic review and meta analysis
    Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015
    Co-Authors: Khagendra P Bhandari, Randy J. Ellingson, Jennifer Collier, Defne Apul
    Abstract:

    There is a fast growing interest in better understanding the Energy performance of PV technologies as evidenced by a large number of recent studies published on this topic. The goal of this study was to do a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the embedded Energy, Energy Payback Time (EPBT), and Energy return on Energy invested (EROI) metrics for the crystalline Si and thin film PV technologies published in 2000–2013. A total of 232 references were collected of which 11 and 23 passed our screening for EPBT/EROI and embedded Energy analysis, respectively. Several parameters were harmonized to the following values: Performance ratio (0.75), system lifeTime (30 years), insolation (1700kWh m−2 yr−1), module efficiency (13.0% mono-Si; 12.3% poly-Si; 6.3% a:Si; 10.9% CdTe; 11.5% CIGS). The embedded Energy had a more than 10-fold variation due to the variation in BOS embedded Energy, geographical location and LCA data sources. The harmonization narrowed the range of the published EPBT values. The mean harmonized EPBT varied from 1.0 to 4.1 years; from lowest to highest, the module types ranked in the following order: cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), amorphous silicon (a:Si), poly-crystalline silicon (poly-Si), and mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si). The mean harmonized EROI varied from 8.7 to 34.2. Across different types of PV, the variation in embedded Energy was greater than the variation in efficiency and performance ratio suggesting that the relative ranking of the EPBT of different PV technology today and in the future depends primarily on their embedded Energy and not their efficiency.

Andre Faaij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and Energy Payback Time of current and prospective silicon heterojunction solar cell designs
    Progress in Photovoltaics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Atse Louwen, W G J H M Van Sark, R E I Schropp, W C Turkenburg, Andre Faaij
    Abstract:

    Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells offer high efficiencies and several advantages in the production process compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells. We performed a life-cycle assessment to identify the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and cumulative Energy demand of four different SHJ solar cell designs. We analyse these environmental impacts for cell processing and complete systems for both current and prospective designs. On the basis of in-plane irradiation of 1700 kWh/m2, results for current designs show that life-cycle GHG emissions could be 32 gCO2-eq/kWh for complete SHJ photovoltaic (PV) systems (module efficiencies of 18.4%), compared with 38 gCO2-eq/kWh for conventional monocrystalline silicon systems (module efficiency of 16.1%). The EPBT of all SHJ designs was found to be 1.5 years, compared with 1.8 years for the monocrystalline PV system. Cell processing contributes little (≤6%) to the overall environmental footprint of SHJ PV systems. Among cell processing steps, vacuum based deposition contributes substantially to the overall results, with 55–80%. Atomic layer deposition of thin films was found to have a significantly lower environmental footprint compared to plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition and sputtering. Copper-based compared with silver-based metallization was shown to reduce the impact of this processing step by 74–84%. Increases in cell efficiency, use of thin silicon wafers and replacement of silver-based with copper-based metallization could result in life-cycle GHG emissions for systems to be reduced to 20 gCO2-eq/kWh for SHJ systems and 25 gCO2-eq/kWh for monocrystalline system, while EPBT could drop to 0.9 and 1.2 years, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions and Energy Payback Time of current and prospective silicon heterojunction solar cell designs
    Progress in Photovoltaics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Atse Louwen, W G J H M Van Sark, R E I Schropp, W C Turkenburg, Andre Faaij
    Abstract:

    Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells offer high efficiencies and several advantages in the production process compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells. We performed a life-cycle assessment to identify the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and cumulative Energy demand of four different SHJ solar cell designs. We analyse these environmental impacts for cell processing and complete systems for both current and prospective designs. On the basis of in-plane irradiation of 1700 kWh/m2, results for current designs show that life-cycle GHG emissions could be 32 gCO2-eq/kWh for complete SHJ photovoltaic (PV) systems (module efficiencies of 18.4%), compared with 38 gCO2-eq/kWh for conventional monocrystalline silicon systems (module efficiency of 16.1%). The EPBT of all SHJ designs was found to be 1.5 years, compared with 1.8 years for the monocrystalline PV system. Cell processing contributes little (≤6%) to the overall environmental footprint of SHJ PV systems. Among cell processing steps, vacuum based deposition contributes substantially to the overall results, with 55–80%. Atomic layer deposition of thin films was found to have a significantly lower environmental footprint compared to plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition and sputtering. Copper-based compared with silver-based metallization was shown to reduce the impact of this processing step by 74–84%. Increases in cell efficiency, use of thin silicon wafers and replacement of silver-based with copper-based metallization could result in life-cycle GHG emissions for systems to be reduced to 20 gCO2-eq/kWh for SHJ systems and 25 gCO2-eq/kWh for monocrystalline system, while EPBT could drop to 0.9 and 1.2 years, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hamdy Hassan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Energy Payback Time exergoeconomic and enviroeconomic analyses of using thermal Energy storage system with a solar desalination system an experimental study
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mohamed S Yousef, Hamdy Hassan
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, the performance of solar still incorporated with thermal Energy storage (TES) unit of phase change material (PCM) is evaluated based on Energy and exergy methodologies. Energy Payback Time for solar still with and without PCM is quantified and compared. Furthermore, the performance of both configurations is also evaluated from exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental points of view. Experiments for solar still with and without PCM are conducted in summer and winter seasons subjected to the weather conditions of Alexandria, Egypt. The findings showed that the addition of a PCM storage unit to solar still system increased the annual Energy and exergy savings by 10% and 3%, respectively. The results indicated that the incorporation of PCM in solar still was found ineffective compared to traditional still based on Energy Payback Time. Based on the exergy approach, the integration of PCM in the solar still system is not effective where the conventional still (without PCM) achieved more than 400% more CO2 mitigations compared to PCM-based solar still system. Also, the exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental parameters of the modified system were very poor related to those of traditional still. Therefore, for PCM-based solar stills systems to become competitive from global Energy and environmental approaches, attempts should be performed by industrialists and engineers to find storage materials with low embodied Energy and with low cost in conjunction with its evaluation from Energy and exergy outputs to get a complete picture about the effectiveness of the system. In this case, the potential of thermal Energy storage techniques for low-temperature solar-powered desalination systems will be thermodynamically, economically, and environmentally effective.

  • Assessment of parabolic trough solar collector assisted solar still at various saline water mediums via Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and enviroeconomic approaches
    Renewable Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Hamdy Hassan, Mohamed S Yousef, Mohamed Fathy, M. Salem Ahmed
    Abstract:

    Abstract The performance of parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) coupled with single slope solar still at various water mediums is assessed based on productivity, Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and enviroeconomic methodologies and also Energy Payback Time. Six solar still systems are considered; conventional solar still (CSS), CSS coupled with PTC (CSS + PTC), CSS contains steel wire mesh in the basin (CSS + WM), CSS contains wire mesh and coupled with PTC (CSS + WM + PTC), CSS contains sand in the basin (CSS + SD), and CSS contains sand and integrated with PTC (CSS + SD + PTC). Experiments are conducted under hot and cold climate conditions of Sohag city, Egypt. Findings show that the maximum freshwater yield in summer is achieved in case of CSS + SD + PTC with an increase of 1.21% compared to CSS and 102.1% compared to CSS + SD + PTC in winter. The maximum increase of the Energy and exergy output per year compared to CSS is achieved in case of CSS + SD + PTC of 216.6% and 325%, respectively. Incorporation PTC with the still for all studied water mediums is found promising in terms of Energy Payback Time, cost and freshwater yield compared to CSS without PTC. The exergoeconomic and environmental parameters of the active systems are found more effective related to those of passive systems.

Atse Louwen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • life cycle greenhouse gas emissions and Energy Payback Time of current and prospective silicon heterojunction solar cell designs
    Progress in Photovoltaics, 2015
    Co-Authors: Atse Louwen, W G J H M Van Sark, R E I Schropp, W C Turkenburg, Andre Faaij
    Abstract:

    Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells offer high efficiencies and several advantages in the production process compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells. We performed a life-cycle assessment to identify the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and cumulative Energy demand of four different SHJ solar cell designs. We analyse these environmental impacts for cell processing and complete systems for both current and prospective designs. On the basis of in-plane irradiation of 1700 kWh/m2, results for current designs show that life-cycle GHG emissions could be 32 gCO2-eq/kWh for complete SHJ photovoltaic (PV) systems (module efficiencies of 18.4%), compared with 38 gCO2-eq/kWh for conventional monocrystalline silicon systems (module efficiency of 16.1%). The EPBT of all SHJ designs was found to be 1.5 years, compared with 1.8 years for the monocrystalline PV system. Cell processing contributes little (≤6%) to the overall environmental footprint of SHJ PV systems. Among cell processing steps, vacuum based deposition contributes substantially to the overall results, with 55–80%. Atomic layer deposition of thin films was found to have a significantly lower environmental footprint compared to plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition and sputtering. Copper-based compared with silver-based metallization was shown to reduce the impact of this processing step by 74–84%. Increases in cell efficiency, use of thin silicon wafers and replacement of silver-based with copper-based metallization could result in life-cycle GHG emissions for systems to be reduced to 20 gCO2-eq/kWh for SHJ systems and 25 gCO2-eq/kWh for monocrystalline system, while EPBT could drop to 0.9 and 1.2 years, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Life‐cycle greenhouse gas emissions and Energy Payback Time of current and prospective silicon heterojunction solar cell designs
    Progress in Photovoltaics, 2014
    Co-Authors: Atse Louwen, W G J H M Van Sark, R E I Schropp, W C Turkenburg, Andre Faaij
    Abstract:

    Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells offer high efficiencies and several advantages in the production process compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells. We performed a life-cycle assessment to identify the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and cumulative Energy demand of four different SHJ solar cell designs. We analyse these environmental impacts for cell processing and complete systems for both current and prospective designs. On the basis of in-plane irradiation of 1700 kWh/m2, results for current designs show that life-cycle GHG emissions could be 32 gCO2-eq/kWh for complete SHJ photovoltaic (PV) systems (module efficiencies of 18.4%), compared with 38 gCO2-eq/kWh for conventional monocrystalline silicon systems (module efficiency of 16.1%). The EPBT of all SHJ designs was found to be 1.5 years, compared with 1.8 years for the monocrystalline PV system. Cell processing contributes little (≤6%) to the overall environmental footprint of SHJ PV systems. Among cell processing steps, vacuum based deposition contributes substantially to the overall results, with 55–80%. Atomic layer deposition of thin films was found to have a significantly lower environmental footprint compared to plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition and sputtering. Copper-based compared with silver-based metallization was shown to reduce the impact of this processing step by 74–84%. Increases in cell efficiency, use of thin silicon wafers and replacement of silver-based with copper-based metallization could result in life-cycle GHG emissions for systems to be reduced to 20 gCO2-eq/kWh for SHJ systems and 25 gCO2-eq/kWh for monocrystalline system, while EPBT could drop to 0.9 and 1.2 years, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

G.a. Keoleian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Life cycle design of amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules
    1997
    Co-Authors: Geoffrey M. Lewis, G.a. Keoleian
    Abstract:

    The primary objective of this project was to develop and apply design metrics for assessing and guiding the improvement of PV product systems. The total PV life cycle, encompassing material production, manufacturing and assembly, use, and end of life management was investigated. Energy Payback Time, electricity production efficiency, life cycle conversion efficiency, and life cycle cost metrics were evaluated for modules located in Detroit, Boulder, and Phoenix, three sites with different insolation. The study also explored the Energy savings associated with several strategies for design improvement, including frameless modules, frame reuse, and an alternative procedure for module encapsulation. Life cycle air emissions, waterborne effluents, and solid waste were not investigated due to a lack of available data.

  • Amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules: a life cycle design case study
    Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment. ISEE-1996, 1996
    Co-Authors: G. Lewis, G.a. Keoleian
    Abstract:

    The life cycle design framework was applied to photovoltaic module design. Two metrics were used to assess life cycle Energy performance of a PV module: Energy Payback Time; and electricity production efficiency. These metrics are based on material production, manufacturing, and transportation energies, and were evaluated for several geographic locations. An aluminum frame was responsible for a significant fraction of the total Energy invested in the studied module. Design options to reduce the Energy impact of this and other components are discussed.