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Peter H. Selle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Starch digestibility and Energy Utilisation of maize- and wheat-based diets is superior to sorghum-based diets in broiler chickens offered diets supplemented with phytase and xylanase
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Amy F. Moss, Peter H. Selle, Ali Khoddami, Peter V. Chrystal, J.o.b. Sorbara, Aaron J. Cowieson, Sonia Yun LiuAbstract:Abstract A study was conducted to compare maize, wheat and sorghum as the main feed grain in standard phytase and xylanase supplemented diets for broiler chickens. Six diets with different grain varieties (two wheat, two sorghum and two maize) were formulated in accordance with Ross 308 recommendations for starter, grower and finisher diets and were offered from 1 to 10, 11–26 and 27–35 days post-hatch, respectively. The six treatments were offered to 672 male Ross 308 chicks, with eight replicate cages per treatment and 14 birds per cage from 1 to 10 days post-hatch and 6 birds per cage from 11 to 35 days post-hatch. Over the 1–35 day experimental period, birds offered diets based on maize B generated the most efficient feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.380), whereas birds offered red sorghum-based diets generated the poorest FCR (1.478). Likewise, in the finisher phase, birds offered both maize and wheat generated significantly greater apparent metabolisable Energy (AME, MJ/kg DM), AME to gross Energy ratio (AME:GE, MJ/MJ) and nitrogen corrected AME (AMEn, MJ/kg DM) than birds offered sorghum-based diets. Birds offered diets containing wheat A generated the greatest starch digestibility coefficient in the jejunum and ileum in both starter and finisher diets and red sorghum outperformed white sorghum in terms of AME and starch digestibility. In the ileum, broiler chickens offered finisher diets based on wheat B had the highest protein digestibility. In conclusion, birds offered maize-based diets achieved the best growth performance and Energy Utilisation followed by birds offered wheat- and sorghum-based diets.
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Sodium metabisulphite enhances Energy Utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets with five different grain varieties
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Ha H. Truong, Sonia Yun Liu, Karlie A. Neilson, Bernie V. Mcinerney, Ali Khoddami, Thomas H. Roberts, Peter H. SelleAbstract:Abstract The reducing agent, sodium metabisulphite, was included in sorghum-based broiler diets at 0.00, 1.75 and 3.50 g/kg from 7 to 28 days post-hatch. In Experiment 1 two sorghum varieties (MP, JM) were evaluated and three sorghums (HP, Tiger, HFQ) in Experiment 2; the two experiments were separate but very similar. The five sorghums were extensively characterised and all five diets contained 620 g/kg sorghum and were formulated to be nutritionally equivalent. In both studies, each dietary treatment was offered to six replicate cages (6 birds per cage) for a combined total of 540 male Ross 308 chicks. The effects of sodium metabisulphite on growth performance, nutrient Utilisation, apparent digestibility coefficients of starch and protein (N) and starch and protein digestive dynamics were determined. Sodium metabisulphite significantly enhanced Energy Utilisation. Across both experiments, 3.50 g/kg sodium metabisulphite increased AME on a dry matter basis by 0.34 MJ from an average of 11.97–12.31 MJ/kg and similarly increased N-corrected AME by 0.42 MJ from 11.43 to 11.85 MJ/kg. Sorghum variety by sodium metabisulphite interactions were not observed for Energy Utilisation (AME, ME:GE ratios, AMEn) parameters but this was not always the case for other parameters, which indicates that diverse sorghums respond differently to sodium metabisulphite. Consideration is given to the basis for these variable responses to sodium metabisulphite because of its dual modes of action (reducing disulphide cross-linkages, depolymerising starch polysaccharides) and the possible relevance of RVA starch pasting profiles of grain sorghum to feed grain quality.
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Whole-grain feeding for chicken-meat production: possible mechanisms driving enhanced Energy Utilisation and feed conversion
Animal Production Science, 2015Co-Authors: Sonia Yun Liu, Ha H. Truong, Peter H. SelleAbstract:The practice of offering some whole grain to broiler chickens alongside a balancing concentrate is meeting increasing acceptance in certain regions, including Europe, Canada and Australia. Whole-grain feeding (WGF) regimes provide economic advantages by effectively reducing feed costs but, to varying extents, WGF regimes also generate improvements in Energy Utilisation and feed conversion efficiency. However, the context in which these improvements are best realised has yet to be defined adequately. The outstanding response to WGF is the development of heavier relative gizzard weights; however, the causative factors and biophysical and biochemical consequences of heavier, and presumably more functional, gizzards have not been properly investigated. It follows that heavier gizzards would enhance the initiation of protein digestion by pepsin and hydrochloric acid and facilitate amylase-induced starch digestion in the small intestine by the prior physical disruption of starch granules. However, it appears that improvements realised by WGF in Energy Utilisation and feed efficiency cannot be attributed entirely to heavier gizzards. One alternative or additional possibility is that WGF may influence starch digestive dynamics and provide more gradually or slowly digestible starch, which would benefit Energy Utilisation and feed efficiency. However, if this is the case, the genesis of this provision is not clear, although it may be associated with larger grain particle sizes and/or increased episodes of reverse peristalsis, but not retarded gut passage rates. The present paper reviews the essentially positive impacts of WGF on Energy Utilisation and feed conversion efficiency and considers the contexts in which these responses may be best realised and the possible mechanisms driving better performance under WGF regimes for chicken-meat production.
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MICROBIAL PHYTASE IN POULTRY NUTRITION
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Peter H. Selle, Velmurugu RavindranAbstract:Abstract During the past decade, the inclusion of microbial phytase in poultry diets has increased remarkably, mainly in response to heightened concerns over phosphorus (P) pollution of the environment. The capacity of this feed enzyme to release phytate-bound P and reduce P excretion is now well documented. Effectively, phytase is an alternative, economical P source and, as global phosphate reserves are not renewable, this is beneficial to their preservation. Based on limited studies, it appears that exogenous phytase hydrolyses less than 0.35 of dietary phytate in broilers at the ileal level. If so, there is considerable scope to enhance phytate degradation by the introduction of more effective phytate-degrading enzymes or enzyme combinations, and facilitative nutritional and management strategies. Alternatively, dietary phytate concentrations may be reduced by the inclusion of selected, low-phytate feedstuffs or dephytinised feed ingredients. There is a distinct possibility that phytate negatively influences protein and Energy Utilisation in poultry and, as these influences would be ameliorated by phytase, there are substantial, practical implications. Nevertheless, there is still no consensus as to the extent that phytase enhances protein and Energy Utilisation. Responses in amino acid digestibilities following phytase supplementation are variable and the underlying mechanisms have not been completely understood; consequently, these two aspects are considered in detail in this review. The impact of phytase on protein and Energy Utilisation may be more positive than generally realised, but this should become increasingly evident if greater phytate degradation rates can be achieved. The experimental use of dephytinised feed ingredients may define the negative impact of phytate on protein and Energy Utilisation and facilitate the identification of the contributing factors, particularly in relation to Energy Utilisation. Some recent studies suggest that phytate increases, and phytase decreases, endogenous sodium losses. Although the basis for this phytate-induced shift of sodium into the gut lumen is not clear, it may have implications for acid–base homeostasis and intestinal uptakes of glucose and amino acids. If the momentum in the practical acceptance of microbial phytase in poultry diets continues, it is likely that phytase feed enzymes will re-define nutrient requirements, particularly in relation to P and calcium, and increasingly contribute to ecologically sustainable poultry production in the future. This would be facilitated by a more fundamental research focus, which, arguably, has been lacking in the past.
Sonia Yun Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Starch digestibility and Energy Utilisation of maize- and wheat-based diets is superior to sorghum-based diets in broiler chickens offered diets supplemented with phytase and xylanase
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Amy F. Moss, Peter H. Selle, Ali Khoddami, Peter V. Chrystal, J.o.b. Sorbara, Aaron J. Cowieson, Sonia Yun LiuAbstract:Abstract A study was conducted to compare maize, wheat and sorghum as the main feed grain in standard phytase and xylanase supplemented diets for broiler chickens. Six diets with different grain varieties (two wheat, two sorghum and two maize) were formulated in accordance with Ross 308 recommendations for starter, grower and finisher diets and were offered from 1 to 10, 11–26 and 27–35 days post-hatch, respectively. The six treatments were offered to 672 male Ross 308 chicks, with eight replicate cages per treatment and 14 birds per cage from 1 to 10 days post-hatch and 6 birds per cage from 11 to 35 days post-hatch. Over the 1–35 day experimental period, birds offered diets based on maize B generated the most efficient feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.380), whereas birds offered red sorghum-based diets generated the poorest FCR (1.478). Likewise, in the finisher phase, birds offered both maize and wheat generated significantly greater apparent metabolisable Energy (AME, MJ/kg DM), AME to gross Energy ratio (AME:GE, MJ/MJ) and nitrogen corrected AME (AMEn, MJ/kg DM) than birds offered sorghum-based diets. Birds offered diets containing wheat A generated the greatest starch digestibility coefficient in the jejunum and ileum in both starter and finisher diets and red sorghum outperformed white sorghum in terms of AME and starch digestibility. In the ileum, broiler chickens offered finisher diets based on wheat B had the highest protein digestibility. In conclusion, birds offered maize-based diets achieved the best growth performance and Energy Utilisation followed by birds offered wheat- and sorghum-based diets.
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Sodium metabisulphite enhances Energy Utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets with five different grain varieties
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Ha H. Truong, Sonia Yun Liu, Karlie A. Neilson, Bernie V. Mcinerney, Ali Khoddami, Thomas H. Roberts, Peter H. SelleAbstract:Abstract The reducing agent, sodium metabisulphite, was included in sorghum-based broiler diets at 0.00, 1.75 and 3.50 g/kg from 7 to 28 days post-hatch. In Experiment 1 two sorghum varieties (MP, JM) were evaluated and three sorghums (HP, Tiger, HFQ) in Experiment 2; the two experiments were separate but very similar. The five sorghums were extensively characterised and all five diets contained 620 g/kg sorghum and were formulated to be nutritionally equivalent. In both studies, each dietary treatment was offered to six replicate cages (6 birds per cage) for a combined total of 540 male Ross 308 chicks. The effects of sodium metabisulphite on growth performance, nutrient Utilisation, apparent digestibility coefficients of starch and protein (N) and starch and protein digestive dynamics were determined. Sodium metabisulphite significantly enhanced Energy Utilisation. Across both experiments, 3.50 g/kg sodium metabisulphite increased AME on a dry matter basis by 0.34 MJ from an average of 11.97–12.31 MJ/kg and similarly increased N-corrected AME by 0.42 MJ from 11.43 to 11.85 MJ/kg. Sorghum variety by sodium metabisulphite interactions were not observed for Energy Utilisation (AME, ME:GE ratios, AMEn) parameters but this was not always the case for other parameters, which indicates that diverse sorghums respond differently to sodium metabisulphite. Consideration is given to the basis for these variable responses to sodium metabisulphite because of its dual modes of action (reducing disulphide cross-linkages, depolymerising starch polysaccharides) and the possible relevance of RVA starch pasting profiles of grain sorghum to feed grain quality.
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Whole-grain feeding for chicken-meat production: possible mechanisms driving enhanced Energy Utilisation and feed conversion
Animal Production Science, 2015Co-Authors: Sonia Yun Liu, Ha H. Truong, Peter H. SelleAbstract:The practice of offering some whole grain to broiler chickens alongside a balancing concentrate is meeting increasing acceptance in certain regions, including Europe, Canada and Australia. Whole-grain feeding (WGF) regimes provide economic advantages by effectively reducing feed costs but, to varying extents, WGF regimes also generate improvements in Energy Utilisation and feed conversion efficiency. However, the context in which these improvements are best realised has yet to be defined adequately. The outstanding response to WGF is the development of heavier relative gizzard weights; however, the causative factors and biophysical and biochemical consequences of heavier, and presumably more functional, gizzards have not been properly investigated. It follows that heavier gizzards would enhance the initiation of protein digestion by pepsin and hydrochloric acid and facilitate amylase-induced starch digestion in the small intestine by the prior physical disruption of starch granules. However, it appears that improvements realised by WGF in Energy Utilisation and feed efficiency cannot be attributed entirely to heavier gizzards. One alternative or additional possibility is that WGF may influence starch digestive dynamics and provide more gradually or slowly digestible starch, which would benefit Energy Utilisation and feed efficiency. However, if this is the case, the genesis of this provision is not clear, although it may be associated with larger grain particle sizes and/or increased episodes of reverse peristalsis, but not retarded gut passage rates. The present paper reviews the essentially positive impacts of WGF on Energy Utilisation and feed conversion efficiency and considers the contexts in which these responses may be best realised and the possible mechanisms driving better performance under WGF regimes for chicken-meat production.
Roger G. Lentle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broiler starters
Animal Production Science, 2009Co-Authors: A. M. Amerah, Velmurugu Ravindran, Roger G. LentleAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating wheat hardness (soft or hard) with or without xylanase supplementation. Two diets based on soft or hard wheat were formulated. Whole wheat (200 g/kg) from the same wheat batch replaced ground wheat before cold-pelleting of each diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each from day 1 to 21 posthatch. The distribution of particle size differed between diets, with the hard wheat diet having 32.7% of particles greater than 1 mm in size compared with 18.7% in the soft wheat diet. Interactions (P
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influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance Energy Utilisation digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broiler starters
Animal Production Science, 2009Co-Authors: A. M. Amerah, Velmurugu Ravindran, Roger G. LentleAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating wheat hardness (soft or hard) with or without xylanase supplementation. Two diets based on soft or hard wheat were formulated. Whole wheat (200 g/kg) from the same wheat batch replaced ground wheat before cold-pelleting of each diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each from day 1 to 21 posthatch. The distribution of particle size differed between diets, with the hard wheat diet having 32.7% of particles greater than 1 mm in size compared with 18.7% in the soft wheat diet. Interactions (P < 0.05) were observed between wheat hardness and enzyme supplementation for weight gain, feed intake, feed per gain and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable Energy (AMEn). Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) weight gain in the soft wheat-based diet but not in the hard wheat diet. Enzyme supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) feed intake in the soft wheat-based diet, but reduced (P < 0.05) intake in the hard wheat diet. Feed per gain and AMEn were improved (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation in the hard wheat-based diet, while no enzyme effect was observed in the soft wheat diet. Feeding the hard wheat-based diet increased (P < 0.05) the relative gizzard weight, and this was associated with a general increase in finer particles in the proximal intestinal digesta when compared with those present in the diet. These results suggest that the response of broilers to xylanase supplementation is influenced by wheat hardness and that wheat hardness may be an important criterion to consider when choosing for whole wheat inclusion in broiler diets.
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Influence of particle size and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract parameters and digesta viscosity of broiler starters.
British poultry science, 2008Co-Authors: A. M. Amerah, Velmurugu Ravindran, Roger G. Lentle, David G. ThomasAbstract:1. The aim of the present experiment was to examine the influence of particle size and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, and gross morphological and histological parameters of the digestive tract of broiler starters fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two wheat particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of xylanase supplementation (without or with 1000 xylanase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole wheat in a hammer mill to pass through 3 and 7 mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on wheat and soybean meal, were formulated and each diet was fed ad libitum to 6 pens of 8 male broilers each from d 1 to 21 post-hatch. 2. Wheat particle size had no effect on the performance of broilers. Xylanase supplementation had no effect on weight gain and feed intake. However, a significant particle size × xylanase interaction was observed for feed per unit gai...
Velmurugu Ravindran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of feeding diets based on coarse maize on productive performance, gizzard development and Energy Utilisation of laying hens
British poultry science, 2014Co-Authors: Y. Singh, S.v. Rama Rao, Velmurugu RavindranAbstract:1. A total of 2200 White Leghorn layers were used to study the effect of feeding coarse maize on productive performance, gizzard weight, apparent metabolisable Energy (AME) and egg quality parameters. 2. The experiment was a completely randomised design with 5 treatments, each being replicated 5 times (88 birds per replicate). Dietary treatments included a control diet with 600 g/kg of ground maize (6 mm sieve) and experimental diets with 150, 300, 450 or 600 g/kg coarse maize (10 mm sieve) replacing (w/w) ground maize. Diets, in mash form, were offered from 39 to 62 weeks of age. 3. Over the entire experimental period, dietary treatments had no effect on any of the production parameters, except on feed intake. A quadratic effect was observed for feed intake, where intake increased at 150 g/kg coarse maize inclusion. At higher inclusion levels of coarse maize, feed intake was similar to that of the control diet. But the differences in daily intake between dietary treatments were only around 1 g/bird and may not be of any biological significance. 4. Dietary treatments had no effect on gizzard weight, AME or egg quality. 5. The results indicate that coarse maize could completely replace maize in layer diets with no adverse effect on egg production, egg quality and dietary Energy Utilisation. In the current work, although the proportion of coarse particles (over 1 mm) increased with increasing inclusion levels of coarse maize, the differences in the percentage of particles above 1 mm between the fine control (0 g/kg coarse maize) and coarsest (600 g/kg coarse maize) diets was only 15%, and this may limit the value of the findings reported herein.
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Influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broiler starters
Animal Production Science, 2009Co-Authors: A. M. Amerah, Velmurugu Ravindran, Roger G. LentleAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating wheat hardness (soft or hard) with or without xylanase supplementation. Two diets based on soft or hard wheat were formulated. Whole wheat (200 g/kg) from the same wheat batch replaced ground wheat before cold-pelleting of each diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each from day 1 to 21 posthatch. The distribution of particle size differed between diets, with the hard wheat diet having 32.7% of particles greater than 1 mm in size compared with 18.7% in the soft wheat diet. Interactions (P
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influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance Energy Utilisation digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broiler starters
Animal Production Science, 2009Co-Authors: A. M. Amerah, Velmurugu Ravindran, Roger G. LentleAbstract:The aim of this study was to examine the influence of wheat hardness and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract development and digesta parameters of broilers fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating wheat hardness (soft or hard) with or without xylanase supplementation. Two diets based on soft or hard wheat were formulated. Whole wheat (200 g/kg) from the same wheat batch replaced ground wheat before cold-pelleting of each diet. Each diet was fed ad libitum to six pens of eight male broilers each from day 1 to 21 posthatch. The distribution of particle size differed between diets, with the hard wheat diet having 32.7% of particles greater than 1 mm in size compared with 18.7% in the soft wheat diet. Interactions (P < 0.05) were observed between wheat hardness and enzyme supplementation for weight gain, feed intake, feed per gain and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable Energy (AMEn). Enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) weight gain in the soft wheat-based diet but not in the hard wheat diet. Enzyme supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) feed intake in the soft wheat-based diet, but reduced (P < 0.05) intake in the hard wheat diet. Feed per gain and AMEn were improved (P < 0.05) by enzyme supplementation in the hard wheat-based diet, while no enzyme effect was observed in the soft wheat diet. Feeding the hard wheat-based diet increased (P < 0.05) the relative gizzard weight, and this was associated with a general increase in finer particles in the proximal intestinal digesta when compared with those present in the diet. These results suggest that the response of broilers to xylanase supplementation is influenced by wheat hardness and that wheat hardness may be an important criterion to consider when choosing for whole wheat inclusion in broiler diets.
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Influence of particle size and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, digestive tract parameters and digesta viscosity of broiler starters.
British poultry science, 2008Co-Authors: A. M. Amerah, Velmurugu Ravindran, Roger G. Lentle, David G. ThomasAbstract:1. The aim of the present experiment was to examine the influence of particle size and xylanase supplementation on the performance, Energy Utilisation, and gross morphological and histological parameters of the digestive tract of broiler starters fed wheat-based diets. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two wheat particle sizes (medium and coarse) and two levels of xylanase supplementation (without or with 1000 xylanase units/kg diet). The two particle sizes were achieved by grinding the whole wheat in a hammer mill to pass through 3 and 7 mm screens, respectively. Broiler starter diets, based on wheat and soybean meal, were formulated and each diet was fed ad libitum to 6 pens of 8 male broilers each from d 1 to 21 post-hatch. 2. Wheat particle size had no effect on the performance of broilers. Xylanase supplementation had no effect on weight gain and feed intake. However, a significant particle size × xylanase interaction was observed for feed per unit gai...
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MICROBIAL PHYTASE IN POULTRY NUTRITION
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Peter H. Selle, Velmurugu RavindranAbstract:Abstract During the past decade, the inclusion of microbial phytase in poultry diets has increased remarkably, mainly in response to heightened concerns over phosphorus (P) pollution of the environment. The capacity of this feed enzyme to release phytate-bound P and reduce P excretion is now well documented. Effectively, phytase is an alternative, economical P source and, as global phosphate reserves are not renewable, this is beneficial to their preservation. Based on limited studies, it appears that exogenous phytase hydrolyses less than 0.35 of dietary phytate in broilers at the ileal level. If so, there is considerable scope to enhance phytate degradation by the introduction of more effective phytate-degrading enzymes or enzyme combinations, and facilitative nutritional and management strategies. Alternatively, dietary phytate concentrations may be reduced by the inclusion of selected, low-phytate feedstuffs or dephytinised feed ingredients. There is a distinct possibility that phytate negatively influences protein and Energy Utilisation in poultry and, as these influences would be ameliorated by phytase, there are substantial, practical implications. Nevertheless, there is still no consensus as to the extent that phytase enhances protein and Energy Utilisation. Responses in amino acid digestibilities following phytase supplementation are variable and the underlying mechanisms have not been completely understood; consequently, these two aspects are considered in detail in this review. The impact of phytase on protein and Energy Utilisation may be more positive than generally realised, but this should become increasingly evident if greater phytate degradation rates can be achieved. The experimental use of dephytinised feed ingredients may define the negative impact of phytate on protein and Energy Utilisation and facilitate the identification of the contributing factors, particularly in relation to Energy Utilisation. Some recent studies suggest that phytate increases, and phytase decreases, endogenous sodium losses. Although the basis for this phytate-induced shift of sodium into the gut lumen is not clear, it may have implications for acid–base homeostasis and intestinal uptakes of glucose and amino acids. If the momentum in the practical acceptance of microbial phytase in poultry diets continues, it is likely that phytase feed enzymes will re-define nutrient requirements, particularly in relation to P and calcium, and increasingly contribute to ecologically sustainable poultry production in the future. This would be facilitated by a more fundamental research focus, which, arguably, has been lacking in the past.
Jukka Rintala - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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trace compounds affecting biogas Energy Utilisation a review
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Saija Rasi, J. Läntelä, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the trace compounds affecting Energy Utilisation in biogas that come from different production sites. With biogas being more widely used in different Energy applications more interest has arisen for the specific composition of biogas. In traditional Energy applications, methane and hydrogen sulphide contents have had the most influence when Energy Utilisation application has been considered. With more advanced processes also the quantity and quality of trace compounds is more important. In regards to trace compounds, it was found that the concentrations and the variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be high in different landfills, especially, with compounds originating from the biological degradation process (like aromatics and terpenes) as seasonal variations affect the biological degradation. Trace compounds produced by direct volatilisation (halogenated and silicon compounds) show a smaller seasonal variation. Halogenated compounds are rarely present in high concentrations in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) biogas, but the concentrations of organic silicon compounds and their variation is high. Organic silicon compounds are usually detected only in low concentrations in co-digestion plant biogas, when no WWTP sludge is used as a raw material.
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Trace compounds affecting biogas Energy Utilisation – A review
Energy Conversion and Management, 2011Co-Authors: Saija Rasi, J. Läntelä, Jukka RintalaAbstract:Abstract This paper investigates the trace compounds affecting Energy Utilisation in biogas that come from different production sites. With biogas being more widely used in different Energy applications more interest has arisen for the specific composition of biogas. In traditional Energy applications, methane and hydrogen sulphide contents have had the most influence when Energy Utilisation application has been considered. With more advanced processes also the quantity and quality of trace compounds is more important. In regards to trace compounds, it was found that the concentrations and the variations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be high in different landfills, especially, with compounds originating from the biological degradation process (like aromatics and terpenes) as seasonal variations affect the biological degradation. Trace compounds produced by direct volatilisation (halogenated and silicon compounds) show a smaller seasonal variation. Halogenated compounds are rarely present in high concentrations in waste water treatment plant (WWTP) biogas, but the concentrations of organic silicon compounds and their variation is high. Organic silicon compounds are usually detected only in low concentrations in co-digestion plant biogas, when no WWTP sludge is used as a raw material.