The Experts below are selected from a list of 18762 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jorma Keskinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the formation and physical properties of the particle emissions from a natural gas Engine
Fuel, 2015Co-Authors: Jenni Alanen, Kati Lehtoranta, Timo Murtonen, Hilkka Timonen, Erkka Saukko, Risto Hillamo, Panu Karjalainen, Heino Kuuluvainen, Juha Harra, Jorma KeskinenAbstract:Abstract Natural gas Engine particle emissions were studied using an old gasoline Engine modified to run with natural gas. The tests were steady-state tests performed on two different low loads in an Engine Dynamometer. Exhaust particle number concentration, size distribution, volatility and electric charge were measured. Exhaust particles were observed to have peak diameters below 10 nm. To get the full picture of particle emissions from natural gas Engines, size range 1–5 nm is relevant and important to take into consideration. A particle size magnifier (PSM) was used in this Engine application for measuring particles smaller than 3 nm and it proved to be a useful instrument when measuring natural gas Engine exhaust particles. It is concluded that the detected particles probably originated from the Engine cylinders or their vicinity and grew to detectable sizes in the sampling process because a small fraction of the particles were observed to carry electric charge and the particles did not evaporate totally at 265 °C.
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dependence between nonvolatile nucleation mode particle and soot number concentrations in an egr equipped heavy duty diesel Engine exhaust
Environmental Science & Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Tero Lahde, Topi Ronkko, Annele Virtanen, Anu Solla, Matti Kyto, Christer Soderstrom, Jorma KeskinenAbstract:Heavy duty diesel Engine exhaust characteristics were studied with direct tailpipe sampling on an Engine Dynamometer. The exhaust particle size distributions, total particle mass, and gaseous emissions were measured with different load conditions without after-treatment. The measured particle size distributions were bimodal; distinctive accumulation and nucleation modes were detected for both volatile and dry particle samples. The condensing volatile compounds changed the characteristics of the nonvolatile nucleation mode while the soot/accumulation mode characteristics (concentration and diameter) were unchanged. A clear dependence between the soot and the nonvolatile nucleation mode number concentrations was detected. While the concentration of the soot mode decreased, the nonvolatile nucleation mode concentration increased. The soot mode number concentration decrease was related to soot-NOx trade-off; the decrease of the exhaust gas recirculation rate decreased soot emission and increased NOx emission....
Sooyoung No - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Engine performance and emission characteristics of hydrotreated vegetable oil in light duty diesel Engines
Fuel, 2014Co-Authors: Duckhan Kim, Seonghwan Kim, Sehun Oh, Sooyoung NoAbstract:Abstract Biodiesel, of which typical material is known as FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester), has some demerits such as high density and low caloric value despite better reduction on emission and lubricity when compared to petro-diesel (petroleum-derived diesel). Iso-HVO (isomerized-hydrotreated biodiesel), on the other hand, has strong competitive advantages that overcome such weak points of conventional biodiesel. The study of Engine performance was carried out to compare iso-HVO with BD (Biodiesel). The test samples were prepared 16 kinds of fuels, which are petro-diesel and 2%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% of BD, HVO, and iso-HVO blended diesel, respectively. The Engine performances and emission were tested on Engine Dynamometer and chassis Dynamometer with 1.5 l diesel Engine and passenger car, for evaluating maximum power, fuel consumption, and emission, especially PM (Particulate Matter) and NO x . Iso-HVO has much better Engine performance than BD and slightly better than HVO, but slightly worse than petro-diesel. On the emission, iso-HVO and HVO blended diesel emit less THC and CO than BD, even though iso-HVO blended diesel emits similar level of NO x and PM to BD blended. All three kinds of 50% blended biofuels showed that the decrease of particle concentrations at all size range than petro-diesel.
Massimo Carriero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of portable emission measurement systems pems for heavy duty diesel Engines with respect to particulate matter
Journal of Aerosol Science, 2013Co-Authors: Athanasios Mamakos, Pierre Bonnel, Adolfo Perujo, Massimo CarrieroAbstract:Abstract The performance of three Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) for Particulate Matter (PM) was assessed in our laboratory against reference instrumentation in Engine Dynamometer testing of five Heavy Duty Engines (HDEs) of different aftertreatment technologies. The candidate systems were designed around the minimum requirements of allowing a gravimetric determination of the total emitted PM mass and incorporating a real time particle sensor. All PEMS-PM systems were found to reproduce within ±30% the gravimetric PM results determined with reference measurement systems under non-regenerative operating conditions, at emission levels lying at and above the Euro VI limit of 10 mg/kWh. The use of prolonged sampling times envisaged in In Service Conformity (ISC) testing (>120 min) was found to be beneficial, as it reduced the limit of detection of the PEMS-PM instrumentation to 1–3 mg/kWh (120 min) from 3 to 9 mg/kWh (30 min). The real time aerosol instrumentation exhibited a much higher sensitivity, being capable of quantifying emission levels below the EURO VI particle number limit of 6×10 11 #/kWh. Some modifications were required though in two particle sensors that were based on diffusion charging, in order to avoid a disproportional increase in their responses in the presence of homogeneously nucleated particles. Passive regeneration of the particulate filter resulted in excessive emission of volatile PM but also large discrepancies between the PEMS-PM and reference systems. The accurate quantification of absolute emission levels of non-volatile PM from the real time sensors can assist in the identification of such excessive volatile PM fractions, to avoid properly working DPF systems to fail an ISC test.
Linchi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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green energy water containing acetone butanol ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel Engines
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Yucheng Chang, Linchi WangAbstract:Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) is considered a “green” energy resource because it emits less carbon than many other fuels and is produced from biomass that is non-edible. To simulate the use of ABE fermentation products without dehydration and no addition of surfactants, a series of water-containing ABE-diesel blends were investigated. By integrating the diesel Engine generator (DEG) and diesel Engine Dynamometer (DED) results, it was found that a diesel emulsion with 20vol.% ABE-solution and 0.5vol.% water (ABE20W0.5) enhanced the brake thermal efficiencies (BTE) by 3.26–8.56%. In addition, the emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the toxicity equivalency of PAHs (BaPeq) were reduced by 5.82–61.6%, 3.69–16.4%, 0.699–31.1%, and 2.58–40.2%, respectively, when compared to regular diesel. These benefits resulted from micro-explosion mechanisms, which were caused by water-in-oil droplets, the greater ABE oxygen content, and the cooling effect that is caused by the high vaporization heat of water-containing ABE. Consequently, ABE20W0.5, which is produced by environmentally benign processes (without dehydration and no addition of surfactants), can be a good alternative to diesel because it can improve energy efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions.
D C Haworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of a hydrogen assisted combustion system for a light duty diesel vehicle
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2008Co-Authors: Matthew Shirk, Thomas P Mcguire, Gary Neal, D C HaworthAbstract:Abstract Two sets of experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of adding gaseous hydrogen to the intake of compression–ignition (CI) Engines fueled with 20% bio-derived/80% petroleum-derived diesel fuel (B20). A 1.3 L, 53 kW CI Engine coupled to an eddy-current Engine Dynamometer was tested first. Data were collected on Engine operating parameters, fuel consumption, concentration of total oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) in the exhaust, and exhaust temperature. Eight steady-state operating points were tested with hydrogen flow rates equivalent to 0%, 5%, and 10% of the total fuel energy. In a second set of experiments, the stock gasoline Engine of a 2005 Chevrolet Equinox was replaced with a 1.3 L, 66 kW CI Engine, and urban drive cycles were run on a chassis Dynamometer. The drive cycles were repeated with 0%, 5% and 10% of the fuel energy coming from the fumigated hydrogen. In both experiments, the addition of hydrogen did not result in discernable differences in Engine efficiency. In the vehicle testing, there were no noticeable differences in drivability. There were modest reductions in NO x emissions and increases in exhaust temperature with hydrogen addition. This investigation demonstrates that fumigating relatively small amounts of hydrogen into the intake of a modern diesel Engine results in only modest changes in combustion efficiency and emissions with no detrimental effects on vehicle performance or drivability. This strategy can be used to partially offset the use of petroleum-based fuels in light-duty transportation vehicles.