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Markus Grahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Model-Based Diesel Engine Management System Optimization - A Strategy for Transient Engine Operation
    2017
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn
    Abstract:

    To meet increasingly strict emission legislation and stronger demands on fuel consumption, typical passenger car diesel Engines become increasingly complex with more and more controllable Systems added. These added Systems open up for the possibility to operate the Engine at more efficient conditions, but it also becomes more challenging to optimize the settings in the Engine Management System. Methods to optimize settings in an Engine Management System based on steady-state Engine operation are well developed and described in the literature, and also used in practice. Methods to handle transient Engine operation are not as well developed, and typically various compensations are added in an Engine Management System to account for effects during transient Engine operation. Calibration of these compensations is currently a manual process and is largely performed to meet regulations rather than to optimize the System. This thesis consists of papers that describe the introduction of a novel method to optimize settings in a diesel Engine Management System with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given dynamic vehicle driving cycle while keeping accumulated Engine-out emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on existing methods for steady-state Engine operation, but extended to account for transient effects in the Engine caused by dynamics in the gas exchange System in a Systematic manner. The strategy has been evaluated using a simulation model of a complete diesel Engine vehicle System. The optimization strategy has been shown to decrease fuel consumption for a diesel Engine vehicle compared to existing methods based only on steady-state Engine operation. Using the simulation model, the strategy has been shown to decrease fuel consumption for a vehicle driving according to the New European Driving Cycle with 0.56%, compared to a strategy based only on steady-state Engine operation. This thesis also consists of papers that describe the complete diesel Engine vehicle System simulation model. The model can perform a simulation of a vehicle driving according to a predefined dynamic driving cycle, and it estimates fuel consumption together with NOx and soot emissions throughout the simulation depending on settings in the Engine Management System. The model accounts for transient effects on fuel consumption and emissions caused by dynamics in the Engine gas exchange System. The simulation model is implemented in the \textsc{Matlab} Simulink environment, and the simulation time is in the range of 10 to 20 times faster than real-time.

  • A Transient Diesel EMS Strategy for Online Implementation
    IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    A recently developed strategy for diesel Engine Management Systems is modified to reduce the implementation complexity. The strategy calculates set points for Engine Management System controllable quantities with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given Engine speed and requested torque profile, while keeping accumulated emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on the methodology for steady-state Engine operation, but extended to handle transient effects in the Engine caused by dynamics in the air System. The strategy leads to the parametrization of mappings with two, three and four input dimensions respectively. In this paper, a modification of the strategy is proposed such that the memory demanding multidimensional mappings can be approximated in an Engine Management System using only two-dimensional grid maps. The modified strategy has been evaluated using a complete diesel Engine vehicle System model simulating the NEDC driving cycle. The performance of the modified strategy has been compared with the original performance of the strategy. It is demonstrated that the modification of the strategy has very little impact on resulting performance of a vehicle but requires considerably less memory for implementation.

  • A Diesel Engine Management System Strategy for Transient Engine Operation
    IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    A strategy for diesel Engine Management Systems has been introduced and evaluated. The strategy calculates set points for Engine Management System controllable quantities with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given Engine speed and requested torque profile, while keeping accumulated emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on existing methodology for steady-state Engine operation, but extended to handle transient effects in the Engine caused by dynamics in the air System. The strategy has been evaluated using a simulation model of a diesel Engine System. The model estimates fuel consumption together with NOX and soot emissions for a transient simulation cycle depending on set points in the Engine Management System for boost pressure, oxygen fraction in the intake manifold, and injection timing. For the transient simulation scenario used in this paper and with given limits on accumulated emissions, the strategy has been shown to decrease fuel consumption with up to 0.7% compared to a strategy that is based only on steady-state Engine operation.

  • Model-based diesel Engine Management System optimization for transient Engine operation
    Control Engineering Practice, 2014
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    A recently developed strategy to calculate set points for controllable diesel Engine Systems is described, further developed, and evaluated. The strategy calculates set points with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given dynamic vehicle driving cycle, while keeping accumulated emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on existing methodology for steady-state Engine operation, but extended to handle transient effects in the Engine caused by dynamics in the Engine air System. Using the strategy, set points for the complete operating range of the Engine can be calculated off-line and stored in an Engine Management System, hence set points can be derived for any (steady-state or transient) driving scenario. The strategy has been evaluated using a simulation model of a complete diesel Engine vehicle System. The model estimates fuel consumption, NOX, and soot emissions for a dynamic vehicle driving cycle depending on set points for boost pressure, oxygen fraction in the intake manifold, and injection timing, throughout the simulation. Using this simulation model, the strategy has been shown to decrease fuel consumption for the New European Driving Cycle with 0.56%, the Federal Test Procedure with 1.04%, and the Japanese JC08 cycle with 0.84% compared to a strategy based on steady-state Engine operation.

  • Data-driven emission model structures for diesel Engine Management System development
    International Journal of Engine Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    This article discusses some specific data-driven model structures suitable for prediction of NOx and soot emissions from a diesel Engine. The model structures can be described as local linear regression models where the regression parameters are defined by two-dimensional lookup tables. It is highlighted that this structure can be interpreted as a B-spline function. Using the model structure, models are derived from measured Engine data. The smoothness of the derived models is controlled by using an additional regularization term, and the globally optimal model parameters can be found by solving a linear least squares problem. Experimental data from a five-cylinder Volvo passenger car diesel Engine is used to derive NOx and soot models, using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy to determine the optimal degree of regularization. The model for NOx emissions predicts the NOx mass flow with an average relative error of 5.1% and the model for soot emissions predicts the soot mass flow with an average relative error of 29% for the mea- surement data used in this study. The behavior of the models for different Engine Management System settings regarding boost pressure, amount of exhaust gas recirculation, and injection timing has been studied. The models react to the dif- ferent Engine Management System settings in an expected way, making them suitable for optimization of Engine manage- ment System settings. Finally, the model performance dependence on the selected model complexity and on the number of measurement data points used to derive the models has been studied.

A. Ramesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Low Cost Engine Management System With Two Degrees Freedom Air-Fuel Ratio Controller for a Small Displacement Port Fuel Injected SI Engine
    ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference, 2012
    Co-Authors: P. V. Manivannan, M. Singaperumal, A. Ramesh
    Abstract:

    A two-degree freedom air fuel ratio controller (Model based feed forward transient plus closed loop Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) steady state controllers) developed for controlling the air fuel ratio of the charge in a small displacement (125 CC) SI Engine is presented. The feed forward controller’s airflow and injector models were developed after conducting extensive experiments on the Engine modified for the Port Fuel Injection (PFI) operation. A dynamic air fuel ratio model obtained (air fuel ratio changes measured using an UEGO sensor) by injecting the Pseudo Random Binary Signal (PRBS) signal in addition to base line fuel injection pulse, was used for designing the PID controller. Optimal PID gain values were identified using Nelfer-Mead optimization technique. The control algorithms were implemented and optimized using SIMULINK blocks that are run under dSPACE on the MicroAuto box hardware. The optimized control algorithms were ported on the specially designed, in-house built, low cost Engine Management System (EMS) developed around an 8-bit microcontroller. The spark timing was also controlled simultaneously for knock free operation. The two-degree freedom air fuel ratio controller could maintain the air fuel ratio under steady and transient conditions closely. High thermal efficiency and low HC & NOx emissions were achieved using the developed EMS. At higher speed elevated NOx emission was observed, due to the use of leaner mixture. The improvements are expected to be higher if a suitable smaller injector is used.

  • Development of an idle speed Engine model using in-cylinder pressure data and an idle speed controller for a small capacity port fuel injected SI Engine
    International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2011
    Co-Authors: P. V. Manivannan, M. Singaperumal, A. Ramesh
    Abstract:

    An idle speed Engine model has been proposed and applied for the development of an idle speed controller for a 125 cc two wheeler spark ignition Engine. The procedure uses the measured Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) at different speeds at a constant fuel rate and throttle position obtained by varying the spark timing. At idling conditions, IMEP corresponds to the friction mean effective pressure. A retardation test was conducted to determine the moment of inertia of the Engine. Using these data, a model for simulating the idle speed fluctuations, when there are unknown torque disturbances, was developed. This model was successfully applied to the development of a closed loop idle speed controller based on spark timing. The controller was then implemented on a dSPACE Micro Autobox on the actual Engine. The Proportional Derivative Integral (PID) controller parameters obtained from the model were found to match fairly well with the experimental values, indicating the usefulness of the developed idle speed model. Finally, the optimized idle speed control algorithm was embedded in and successfully demonstrated with an in-house built, low cost Engine Management System (EMS) specifically designed for two-wheeler applications.

  • Low Cost Engine Management System (EMS) for the Cost Sensitive Two-Wheeler Application: Idle Speed and A/F Ratio Control Using PID and Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithms
    ASME 2007 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, 2007
    Co-Authors: P. V. Manivannan, A. Ramesh
    Abstract:

    In this work an Engine Management System (EMS) using a low cost 8-bit microcontroller specifically for the cost sensitive small two-wheeler application was designed and developed. Only the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) and the cam position sensor (also used for speed measurement) were used. A small capacity 125CC four stroke two-wheeler was converted into a Port Fuel Injected (PFI) Engine and was coupled to a fully instrumented Eddy Current Dynamometer. Air-fuel ratio was controlled using the open loop, lookup-table [speed (N) and throttle (α)] based technique. Spark Time was controlled using a proportional / fuzzy logic based close loop control algorithm for the idle speed control to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Test results show a significant improvement in Engine performance over the original carbureted Engine, in terms of fuel consumption, emissions and idle speed fluctuations. The Proportional controller resulted in significantly lower speed fluctuations and HC / CO emissions than the fuzzy logic controller. Though the fuzzy logic controller resulted in low cycle by cycle variations than the original carbureted Engine, it leads to significantly higher HC levels. The performance fuzzy logic can be improved by modifying the membership function shapes with more Engine test data.© 2007 ASME

Tomas Mckelvey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Transient Diesel EMS Strategy for Online Implementation
    IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    A recently developed strategy for diesel Engine Management Systems is modified to reduce the implementation complexity. The strategy calculates set points for Engine Management System controllable quantities with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given Engine speed and requested torque profile, while keeping accumulated emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on the methodology for steady-state Engine operation, but extended to handle transient effects in the Engine caused by dynamics in the air System. The strategy leads to the parametrization of mappings with two, three and four input dimensions respectively. In this paper, a modification of the strategy is proposed such that the memory demanding multidimensional mappings can be approximated in an Engine Management System using only two-dimensional grid maps. The modified strategy has been evaluated using a complete diesel Engine vehicle System model simulating the NEDC driving cycle. The performance of the modified strategy has been compared with the original performance of the strategy. It is demonstrated that the modification of the strategy has very little impact on resulting performance of a vehicle but requires considerably less memory for implementation.

  • A Diesel Engine Management System Strategy for Transient Engine Operation
    IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 2016
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    A strategy for diesel Engine Management Systems has been introduced and evaluated. The strategy calculates set points for Engine Management System controllable quantities with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given Engine speed and requested torque profile, while keeping accumulated emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on existing methodology for steady-state Engine operation, but extended to handle transient effects in the Engine caused by dynamics in the air System. The strategy has been evaluated using a simulation model of a diesel Engine System. The model estimates fuel consumption together with NOX and soot emissions for a transient simulation cycle depending on set points in the Engine Management System for boost pressure, oxygen fraction in the intake manifold, and injection timing. For the transient simulation scenario used in this paper and with given limits on accumulated emissions, the strategy has been shown to decrease fuel consumption with up to 0.7% compared to a strategy that is based only on steady-state Engine operation.

  • Model-based diesel Engine Management System optimization for transient Engine operation
    Control Engineering Practice, 2014
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    A recently developed strategy to calculate set points for controllable diesel Engine Systems is described, further developed, and evaluated. The strategy calculates set points with an aim to minimize fuel consumption for a given dynamic vehicle driving cycle, while keeping accumulated emissions below given limits. The strategy is based on existing methodology for steady-state Engine operation, but extended to handle transient effects in the Engine caused by dynamics in the Engine air System. Using the strategy, set points for the complete operating range of the Engine can be calculated off-line and stored in an Engine Management System, hence set points can be derived for any (steady-state or transient) driving scenario. The strategy has been evaluated using a simulation model of a complete diesel Engine vehicle System. The model estimates fuel consumption, NOX, and soot emissions for a dynamic vehicle driving cycle depending on set points for boost pressure, oxygen fraction in the intake manifold, and injection timing, throughout the simulation. Using this simulation model, the strategy has been shown to decrease fuel consumption for the New European Driving Cycle with 0.56%, the Federal Test Procedure with 1.04%, and the Japanese JC08 cycle with 0.84% compared to a strategy based on steady-state Engine operation.

  • Data-driven emission model structures for diesel Engine Management System development
    International Journal of Engine Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Markus Grahn, Krister Johansson, Tomas Mckelvey
    Abstract:

    This article discusses some specific data-driven model structures suitable for prediction of NOx and soot emissions from a diesel Engine. The model structures can be described as local linear regression models where the regression parameters are defined by two-dimensional lookup tables. It is highlighted that this structure can be interpreted as a B-spline function. Using the model structure, models are derived from measured Engine data. The smoothness of the derived models is controlled by using an additional regularization term, and the globally optimal model parameters can be found by solving a linear least squares problem. Experimental data from a five-cylinder Volvo passenger car diesel Engine is used to derive NOx and soot models, using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy to determine the optimal degree of regularization. The model for NOx emissions predicts the NOx mass flow with an average relative error of 5.1% and the model for soot emissions predicts the soot mass flow with an average relative error of 29% for the mea- surement data used in this study. The behavior of the models for different Engine Management System settings regarding boost pressure, amount of exhaust gas recirculation, and injection timing has been studied. The models react to the dif- ferent Engine Management System settings in an expected way, making them suitable for optimization of Engine manage- ment System settings. Finally, the model performance dependence on the selected model complexity and on the number of measurement data points used to derive the models has been studied.

Tang Yong-hua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Research on Parameters Calibration for SI Engine Management System
    Internal combustion Engines, 2006
    Co-Authors: Tang Yong-hua
    Abstract:

    In this paper,the calibration process of SI Engine Management System has been researched and the parameter calibration procedure under steady operating condition is given.Also the calibration method of base-injection-pulse-width and base-spark-advance-angle is detailedly discussed.Finally the modification curves of coolant temperature and intake temperature and storage battery voltage is obtained from the experiment.

Marcus Gallagher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The XK8 Engine Management System and electronic Engine control module
    1996
    Co-Authors: Marcus Gallagher
    Abstract:

    The increasing demand for feature enhancements on passenger vehicles combined with more stringent emissions and legislative requirements world-wide has lead to a high level of complexity within Engine control modules, associated emission control hardware and equally important, software. This paper briefly explains how the functions of the AJV8 Engine control work and how the diagnostics form an integrated part of the System design.

  • The XK8 Engine Management System and electronic Engine control module
    IEE Colloquium on The Electrical System of the Jaguar XK8, 1996
    Co-Authors: Marcus Gallagher
    Abstract:

    The increasing demand for feature enhancements on passenger vehicles combined with more stringent emissions and legislative requirements world-wide has lead to a high level of complexity within Engine control modules, associated emission control hardware and equally important, software. This paper briefly explains how the functions of the AJV8 Engine control work and how the diagnostics form an integrated part of the System design. The author covers throttle control, ignition control, and fuelling control. (13 pages)