The Experts below are selected from a list of 130551 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Kurunthachalam Kannan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • occurrence removal and Environmental Emission of organophosphate flame retardants plasticizers in a wastewater treatment plant in new york state
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Unjung Kim, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Abstract:

    The occurrence and fate of 14 triester organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers and their two diester metabolites were investigated in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the Albany area of New York State. All target OPFRs were found in wastewater, with average concentrations that ranged from 20.1 ng/L for tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP) to 30 100 ng/L for tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (TBOEP) in influents and from 7.68 ng/L for TMPP to 12 600 ng/L for TBOEP in final effluents. TBOEP was the dominant compound in influents (max: 69 500 ng/L) followed in decreasing order by tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCIPP; max: 14 500 ng/L), bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (BDCIPP; max: 4550 ng/L), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCIPP; max: 3150 ng/L) and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP; max: 8450 ng/L). The fraction of TMPP sorbed to suspended particulate matter (SPM) was 56.4% of the total mass in wastewater, which was the highest among the target chemicals analyzed. The avera...

  • fate of parabens and their metabolites in two wastewater treatment plants in new york state united states
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wei Wang, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Abstract:

    Little is known about the occurrence and fate of parabens and their metabolites in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, mass loadings, removal efficiencies, and Environmental Emission of six parabens, four of their metabolites (4-hydroxy benzoate, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate, methyl-protocatechuate, and ethyl-protocatechuate) and benzoic acid were studied based on the concentrations determined in wastewater influent, primary effluent, final effluent, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge collected from two WWTPs (denoted as WWTPA and WWTPB) in the Albany area of New York State. The median respective concentrations of sum of parabens (Σparabens = 6 parent compounds) and paraben-metabolites (Σmetabolites = 4 metabolites) were 73.1–158 and 5460–10,000 ng/L in influents, and 1.96–5.57 and 2060–2550 ng/L in final effluents. The concentrations of Σmetabolites were significantly higher than those of Σparabens in sludge and SPM. The removal efficiencies for parabens (89.6–99.9%) were higher tha...

  • Fate of Parabens and Their Metabolites in Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in New York State, United States
    2016
    Co-Authors: Wei Wang, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Abstract:

    Little is known about the occurrence and fate of parabens and their metabolites in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, mass loadings, removal efficiencies, and Environmental Emission of six parabens, four of their metabolites (4-hydroxy benzoate, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoate, methyl-protocatechuate, and ethyl-protocatechuate) and benzoic acid were studied based on the concentrations determined in wastewater influent, primary effluent, final effluent, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge collected from two WWTPs (denoted as WWTPA and WWTPB) in the Albany area of New York State. The median respective concentrations of sum of parabens (Σparabens = 6 parent compounds) and paraben-metabolites (Σmetabolites = 4 metabolites) were 73.1–158 and 5460–10,000 ng/L in influents, and 1.96–5.57 and 2060–2550 ng/L in final effluents. The concentrations of Σmetabolites were significantly higher than those of Σparabens in sludge and SPM. The removal efficiencies for parabens (89.6–99.9%) were higher than those for their metabolites (25.9–90.6%). The respective mass loadings of parabens and their metabolites were 46.3 and 6210 mg/d/1000 people for WWTPA and 176 and 63,100 mg/d/1000 people for WWTPB. The Environmental Emission of parabens and their metabolites through WWTP discharges was 4.85–6.16 and 1270–2050 mg/d/1000 people, respectively

  • fate of artificial sweeteners in wastewater treatment plants in new york state u s a
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bikram Subedi, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Abstract:

    Very few studies describe the fate of artificial sweeteners (ASWs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, mass loadings, removal efficiencies, and Environmental Emission of sucralose, saccharin, aspartame, and acesulfame were determined based on the concentrations measured in wastewater influent, primary effluent, effluent, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge collected from two WWTPs in the Albany area of New York State, U.S.A. All ASWs were detected at a mean concentration that ranged from 0.13 (aspartame) to 29.4 μg/L (sucralose) in wastewater influent, 0.49 (aspartame) to 27.7 μg/L (sucralose) in primary influent, 0.11 (aspartame) to 29.6 μg/L (sucralose) in effluent, and from 0.08 (aspartame) to 0.65 μg/g dw (sucralose) in sludge. Aspartame was found in 92% of influent SPM samples at a mean concentration of 444 ng/g dw, followed by acesulfame (92 ng/g) and saccharin (49 ng/g). The fraction of the total mass of ASWs sorbed to SPM was in the rank order: aspartame (50.4%) > acesulfame (10.9%) > saccharin and sucralose (0.8%). The sorption coefficients of ASWs ranged from 4.10 (saccharin) to 4540 L/kg (aspartame). Significant removal of aspartame (68.2%) and saccharin (90.3%) was found in WWTPs; however, sucralose and acesulfame were less efficiently removed (<2.0%). The total mass loading of sucralose, saccharin, and acesulfame in the WWTP that served a smaller population (∼15,000) was 1.3-1.5 times lower than that in another WWTP that served a larger population (∼100,000). The average daily loading of sucralose in both WWTPs (18.5 g/d/1000 people) was ∼2 times higher than the average loading of saccharin. The daily discharge of sucralose from the WWTPs was the highest (17.6 g/d/1000 people), followed by acesulfame (1.22 g/d/1000 people), and saccharin (1.07 g/d/1000 people). Approximately, 1180 g of saccharin and 291 g of acesulfame were transformed in or removed daily from the two WWTPs. This is the first study to describe the fate of ASWs, including the fraction found in SPM and in sludge, in addition to the aqueous portion of wastewater in WWTPs.

  • Emission of artificial sweeteners select pharmaceuticals and personal care products through sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in korea
    Environment International, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bikram Subedi, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Sunggyu Lee, Hyobang Moon
    Abstract:

    Concern over the occurrence of artificial sweeteners (ASWs) as well as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment is growing, due to their high use and potential adverse effects on non-target organisms. The data for this study are drawn from a nationwide survey of ASWs in sewage sludge from 40 representative wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that receive domestic (WWTPD), industrial (WWTPI), or mixed (domestic plus industrial; WWTPM) wastewaters in Korea. Five ASWs (concentrations ranged from 7.08 to 5220 ng/g dry weight [dw]) and ten PPCPs (4.95-6930 ng/g dw) were determined in sludge. Aspartame (concentrations ranged from 28.4 to 5220 ng/g dw) was determined for the first time in sewage sludge. The median concentrations of ASWs and PPCPs in sludge from domestic WWTPs were 0.8-2.5 and 1.0-3.4 times, respectively, the concentrations found in WWTPs that receive combined domestic and industrial wastewaters. Among the five ASWs analyzed, the median Environmental Emission rates of aspartame through domestic WWTPs (both sludge and effluent discharges combined) were calculated to be 417 μg/capita/day, followed by sucralose (117 μg/capita/day), acesulfame (90 μg/capita/day), and saccharin (66μg/capita/day). The per-capita Emission rates of select PPCPs, such as antimicrobials (triclocarban: 158 μg/capita/day) and analgesics (acetaminophen: 59 μg/capita/day), were an order of magnitude higher than those calculated for antimycotic (miconazole) and anthelmintic (thiabendazole) drugs analyzed in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis of measured concentrations of ASWs and PPCPs in sludge revealed that several WWTP parameters, such as treatment capacity, population-served, sludge production rate, and hydraulic retention time could influence the concentrations found in sludge.

Bikram Subedi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fate of artificial sweeteners in wastewater treatment plants in new york state u s a
    Environmental Science & Technology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bikram Subedi, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Abstract:

    Very few studies describe the fate of artificial sweeteners (ASWs) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, mass loadings, removal efficiencies, and Environmental Emission of sucralose, saccharin, aspartame, and acesulfame were determined based on the concentrations measured in wastewater influent, primary effluent, effluent, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge collected from two WWTPs in the Albany area of New York State, U.S.A. All ASWs were detected at a mean concentration that ranged from 0.13 (aspartame) to 29.4 μg/L (sucralose) in wastewater influent, 0.49 (aspartame) to 27.7 μg/L (sucralose) in primary influent, 0.11 (aspartame) to 29.6 μg/L (sucralose) in effluent, and from 0.08 (aspartame) to 0.65 μg/g dw (sucralose) in sludge. Aspartame was found in 92% of influent SPM samples at a mean concentration of 444 ng/g dw, followed by acesulfame (92 ng/g) and saccharin (49 ng/g). The fraction of the total mass of ASWs sorbed to SPM was in the rank order: aspartame (50.4%) > acesulfame (10.9%) > saccharin and sucralose (0.8%). The sorption coefficients of ASWs ranged from 4.10 (saccharin) to 4540 L/kg (aspartame). Significant removal of aspartame (68.2%) and saccharin (90.3%) was found in WWTPs; however, sucralose and acesulfame were less efficiently removed (<2.0%). The total mass loading of sucralose, saccharin, and acesulfame in the WWTP that served a smaller population (∼15,000) was 1.3-1.5 times lower than that in another WWTP that served a larger population (∼100,000). The average daily loading of sucralose in both WWTPs (18.5 g/d/1000 people) was ∼2 times higher than the average loading of saccharin. The daily discharge of sucralose from the WWTPs was the highest (17.6 g/d/1000 people), followed by acesulfame (1.22 g/d/1000 people), and saccharin (1.07 g/d/1000 people). Approximately, 1180 g of saccharin and 291 g of acesulfame were transformed in or removed daily from the two WWTPs. This is the first study to describe the fate of ASWs, including the fraction found in SPM and in sludge, in addition to the aqueous portion of wastewater in WWTPs.

  • Emission of artificial sweeteners select pharmaceuticals and personal care products through sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants in korea
    Environment International, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bikram Subedi, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Sunggyu Lee, Hyobang Moon
    Abstract:

    Concern over the occurrence of artificial sweeteners (ASWs) as well as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment is growing, due to their high use and potential adverse effects on non-target organisms. The data for this study are drawn from a nationwide survey of ASWs in sewage sludge from 40 representative wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that receive domestic (WWTPD), industrial (WWTPI), or mixed (domestic plus industrial; WWTPM) wastewaters in Korea. Five ASWs (concentrations ranged from 7.08 to 5220 ng/g dry weight [dw]) and ten PPCPs (4.95-6930 ng/g dw) were determined in sludge. Aspartame (concentrations ranged from 28.4 to 5220 ng/g dw) was determined for the first time in sewage sludge. The median concentrations of ASWs and PPCPs in sludge from domestic WWTPs were 0.8-2.5 and 1.0-3.4 times, respectively, the concentrations found in WWTPs that receive combined domestic and industrial wastewaters. Among the five ASWs analyzed, the median Environmental Emission rates of aspartame through domestic WWTPs (both sludge and effluent discharges combined) were calculated to be 417 μg/capita/day, followed by sucralose (117 μg/capita/day), acesulfame (90 μg/capita/day), and saccharin (66μg/capita/day). The per-capita Emission rates of select PPCPs, such as antimicrobials (triclocarban: 158 μg/capita/day) and analgesics (acetaminophen: 59 μg/capita/day), were an order of magnitude higher than those calculated for antimycotic (miconazole) and anthelmintic (thiabendazole) drugs analyzed in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis of measured concentrations of ASWs and PPCPs in sludge revealed that several WWTP parameters, such as treatment capacity, population-served, sludge production rate, and hydraulic retention time could influence the concentrations found in sludge.

  • Mass Loading and Removal of Select Illicit Drugs in Two Wastewater Treatment Plants in New York State and Estimation of Illicit Drug Usage in Communities through Wastewater Analysis
    2014
    Co-Authors: Bikram Subedi, Kurunthachalam Kannan
    Abstract:

    Sewage epidemiology is a rapidly expanding field that can provide information on illicit drug usage in communities, based on the measured concentrations in samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, select illicit drugs (six drugs and eight metabolites) were determined on a daily basis for a week in wastewater, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and sludge from two WWTPs in the Albany area in New York State. The WWTP that served a larger population (∼100 000, with a flow rate of 83 300 m3/d) showed 3.2 (methadone) to 51 (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDA) times higher mass flows of illicit drugs than did the WWTP that served a smaller population (∼15 000, with a flow rate of 6850 m3/d). The consumption rate of target illicit drugs in the communities served by the two WWTPs was estimated to range from 1.67 to 3510 mg/d/1000 people. Between the dissolved and particulate phases, the fraction of methadone, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), amphetamine, and MDA sorbed to SPM ranged from 34.3% to 41.1% of the total mass in the waste stream. The removal efficiencies of illicit drugs from the two WWTPs ranged from 4% (norcocaine) to 99% (cocaine); however, methamphetamine, methadone, and EDDP showed a negative removal in WWTPs. The Environmental Emission of illicit drugs from WWTP discharges was calculated to range from 0.38 (MDEA) to 67.5 (EDDP) mg/d/1000 people. Other markers such as caffeine, paraxanthine, nicotine, and cotinine were found to predict the concentrations of select illicit drugs in raw wastewater (r2 = 0.20–0.79; p ≤ 0.029)

Lin Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • economic Emission dispatching with variations of wind power and loads using multi objective optimization by learning automata
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2014
    Co-Authors: Huilian Liao, Lin Jiang
    Abstract:

    This paper is concerned with using multi-objective optimization by learning automata (MOLA) for economic Emission dispatching in the environment where wind power and loads vary. With its capabilities of sequentially dimensional search and state memory, MOLA is able to find accurate solutions while satisfying two objectives: fuel cost coupled with Environmental Emission and voltage stability. Its searching quality and efficiency are measured using the hypervolume indicator for investigating the quality of Pareto front, and demonstrated by tracking the dispatch solutions under significant variations of wind power and load demand. The simulation studies are carried out on the modified midwestern American electric power system and the IEEE 118-bus test system, in which wind power penetration and load variations present. Evaluated on these two power systems, MOLA is fully compared with multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The simulation results have shown the superiority of MOLA over NAGA-II and MOEA/D, as it is able to obtain more accurate and widely distributed Pareto fronts. In the dynamic environment where the operation condition of both wind speed and load demand varies, MOLA outperforms the other two algorithms, with respect to the tracking ability and accuracy of the solutions.

Mona Zamani Pedram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • heat and mass recirculations strategies for improving the thermal efficiency and Environmental Emission of a gas turbine cycle
    Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017
    Co-Authors: Mohammad Tahmasebzadehbaie, Hoseyn Sayyaadi, Ali Sohani, Mona Zamani Pedram
    Abstract:

    Abstract Thermal efficiency and Emission of a gas-turbine cycle were improved through consideration of heat and mass recirculations. In this regard, three potential scenarios were investigated: using lone mass circulation, only heat recirculation, and both types of recirculation at the same time. In each scenario, the maximum potential improvement was found by multi-objective optimization. Furthermore, in the case of only heat circulation scenario, the best heat recirculator was chosen by comparing a tubular with a plate-fin heat exchanger (PFHE) a well-known decision-making method which is called analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, AHP method was employed again to select the superior scenario for improving the gas cycle. According to the results, the best scenario was the scenario in which heat recirculation with PFHE was used in the absence of mass recirculation. In this scenario, thermal efficiency and NOx Emission were improved 4.20 and 17.94%, respectively. The payback time of the investment of the modification was also about 62 days. Moreover, due to the shortage of power in the case of mass recirculation, this scenario was found to be desirable when there is extra capacity in power generation, and the goal is reducing Emissions as much as possible.

Zhang Minjie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Judicious Decision-Making Approach for Power Dispatch in Smart Grid Using a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition
    'Sociological Research Online', 2020
    Co-Authors: Xiao Chixin, Sutanto Danny, Muttaqi, Kashem M, Zhang Minjie
    Abstract:

    Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is an efficient mathematical strategy for solving multiobjective optimization problems. However, the MOEA/D algorithm has not yet been widely used on the multiobjective optimal power flow (MOPF) problems, which consider several conflicting objectives with varying tradeoff levels. This article proposes a novel differential evolution (DE) strategy based on the MOEA/D framework to quickly determine a set of optimal solutions of MOPFs, in the objective space formed from the different objectives, such as the most optimal economic dispatch, the least Environmental Emission objectives, and the minimum transmission losses, while considering the power system constraints. A judicious decision can be made by the user from the set of optimal solutions of the MOPF associated with the weight vectors representing the tradeoff levels of the different objectives. For improved performance, two aggregate objective functions, a load flow operator and a self-adaptive DE strategy work cooperatively: 1) to improve the weak convergence of the MOEA/D and to achieve a better decision speed; 2) to obtain more accurate optimal solutions even under non-convex conditions; 3) to ensure that the power system constraints are taken into account; 4) to integrate the above features into a fast and efficient algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been validated using the IEEE 30-bus system and a revised 33-bus radial system added to one node of the 30-bus system. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide a good accuracy and can converge to a set of optimal solutions of the MOPFs

  • A Judicious Decision-Making Approach for Power Dispatch in Smart Grid Using a Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition
    Research Online, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xiao Chixi, Sutanto Danny, Muttaqi, Kashem M, Zhang Minjie
    Abstract:

    © 1972-2012 IEEE. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is an efficient mathematical strategy for solving multiobjective optimization problems. However, the MOEA/D algorithm has not yet been widely used on the multiobjective optimal power flow (MOPF) problems, which consider several conflicting objectives with varying tradeoff levels. This article proposes a novel differential evolution (DE) strategy based on the MOEA/D framework to quickly determine a set of optimal solutions of MOPFs, in the objective space formed from the different objectives, such as the most optimal economic dispatch, the least Environmental Emission objectives, and the minimum transmission losses, while considering the power system constraints. A judicious decision can be made by the user from the set of optimal solutions of the MOPF associated with the weight vectors representing the tradeoff levels of the different objectives. For improved performance, two aggregate objective functions, a load flow operator and a self-adaptive DE strategy work cooperatively: 1) to improve the weak convergence of the MOEA/D and to achieve a better decision speed; 2) to obtain more accurate optimal solutions even under non-convex conditions; 3) to ensure that the power system constraints are taken into account; 4) to integrate the above features into a fast and efficient algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been validated using the IEEE 30-bus system and a revised 33-bus radial system added to one node of the 30-bus system. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide a good accuracy and can converge to a set of optimal solutions of the MOPFs