The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Y Percival H Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cellulose solvent based pretreatment for corn stover and avicel concentrated phosphoric acid versus ionic liquid bmim cl
    Cellulose, 2012
    Co-Authors: Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh, Y Percival H Zhang
    Abstract:

    Since Cellulose accessibility has become more recognized as the major substrate characteristic limiting Hydrolysis rates and glucan digestibilities, Cellulose solvent-based lignoCellulose pretreatments have gained attention. In this study, we employed Cellulose solvent- and organic solvent-based lignoCellulose fractionation using two Cellulose solvents: concentrated phosphoric acid [~85 % (w/w) H3PO4] and an ionic liquid Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl). Enzymatic glucan digestibilities of concentrated phosphoric acid- and [BMIM]Cl-pretreated corn stover were 96 and 55 % after 72 h at five filter paper units of cellulase per gram of glucan, respectively. Regenerated amorphous Cellulose by concentrated phosphoric acid and [BMIM]Cl had digestibilities of 100 and 92 %, respectively. Our results suggested that differences in Enzymatic glucan digestibilities of concentrated phosphoric acid- and [BMIM]Cl-pretreated corn stover were attributed to combinatory factors. These results provide insights into mechanisms of Cellulose solvent-based pretreatment and effects of residual Cellulose solvents and lignin on Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis.

  • efficient sugar release by the Cellulose solvent based lignoCellulose fractionation technology and Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008
    Co-Authors: Geoffrey Moxley, Y Percival H Zhang
    Abstract:

    Efficient liberation of fermentable soluble sugars from lignocellulosic biomass waste not only decreases solid waste handling but also produces value-added biofuels and biobased products. Industrial hemp, a special economic crop, is cultivated for its high-quality fibers and high-value seed oil, but its hollow stalk cords (hurds) are a cellulosic waste. The Cellulose-solvent-based lignoCellulose fractionation (CSLF) technology has been developed to separate lignoCellulose components under modest reaction conditions (Zhang, Y.-H. P.; Ding, S.-Y.; Mielenz, J. R.; Elander, R.; Laser, M.; Himmel, M.; McMillan, J. D.; Lynd, L. R. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007, 97 (2), 214−223). Three pretreatment conditions (acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time) were investigated to treat industrial hemp hurds for a maximal sugar release: a combinatorial result of a maximal retention of solid Cellulose and a maximal Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis. At the best treatment condition (84.0% H3PO4 at 50 °C for 60 m...

A. T. Smit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effective fractionation of lignoCellulose in herbaceous biomass and hardwood using a mild acetone organosolv process
    Green Chemistry, 2017
    Co-Authors: A. T. Smit, Wouter J. J. Huijgen
    Abstract:

    Large-scale biorefineries converting lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals, fuels and energy require a cost-effective pretreatment process that can effectively fractionate the three main lignoCellulose constituents from a wide variety of feedstocks. A mild organosolv process has been developed using acetone as solvent. Herbaceous biomass (wheat straw and corn stover), hardwood (beech, poplar and birch) and softwood (spruce and pine) were fractionated using near-identical process conditions: 140 °C, 120 min, 50% w/w aqueous acetone and sulfuric acid. For herbaceous biomass and hardwood, effective pretreatment and subsequent Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis into glucose was observed in combination with a high yield of monomeric hemiCellulose sugars and lignin. In the case of softwood, poor delignification hampered Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis, despite efficient hemiCellulose removal. To assess solvent stability, the impact of temperature, time and acid dose on the degree of acetone self-condensation was explored. The process conditions used for feedstock screening resulted in a 1.4% w/w conversion of acetone to mainly diacetone alcohol and mesityl oxide. For wheat straw, shortening the reaction time to 60 min resulted in reduced solvent self-condensation (1.0% w/w) and improved hemiCellulose sugar yield (86%). In sum, effective fractionation was demonstrated for various herbaceous and hardwood feedstocks combined with limited acetone loss due to self-condensation.

  • The promotional effect of water-soluble extractives on the Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw.
    Bioresource Technology, 2017
    Co-Authors: A. T. Smit, Wouter J. J. Huijgen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis of pretreated wheat straw pulp to glucose is enhanced when the Hydrolysis is performed in the presence of an aqueous extract of the wheat straw. A relative digestibility increase of about 10% has been observed for organosolv, alkaline and dilute acid pretreated wheat straw pulp (enzyme dose 2.5 FPU/g pulp). At lower enzyme doses, the extract effect increases leading to an enzyme dose reduction of 40% to obtain a glucose yield of 75% within 48 h using organosolv wheat straw pulp. Possibly, cellulase deactivation by irreversible binding to pulp lignin is reduced by competition with proteins in the extract. However, since the extract effect has also been demonstrated for lignin-lean substrates, other effects like improved accessibility of the pulp Cellulose (amorphogenesis) cannot be excluded. Overall, this contribution demonstrates the positive effect of biomass extractives on Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility, thereby reducing costs for 2G biofuels and bio-based chemicals.

  • Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of wheat straw for the production of lignin and Enzymatically digestible Cellulose
    Bioresource Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jelle Wildschut, J.h. Reith, A. T. Smit, W. J J Huijgen
    Abstract:

    Wheat straw fractionation by ethanol organosolv was studied as pretreatment for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis. A parametric study focusing on temperature, reaction time, acid catalyst dose, solvent concentration, and particle size was performed to determine their influence on delignification, xylan Hydrolysis, and Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility. Major process parameters were found to be temperature, ethanol concentration, and acid dose. Optimisation of the process towards Enzymatic digestibility resulted in a maximum glucose yield of 86% without the use of a catalyst (lignin yield 84%, organosolv at 210°C, 50% w/w aqueous EtOH). Using 30mM H2SO4as catalyst resulted in similar glucose and lignin yields at a lower temperature (190°C, 60% w/w aqueous EtOH). Lowering the pretreatment temperature by using an acid catalyst substantially improved the yield of the hemiCellulose derivatives xylose and furfural. A systematic approach in pretreatment optimisation is vital for development of efficient lignocellulosic biorefineries. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

  • Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of wheat straw for the production of lignin and Enzymatically digestible Cellulose.
    Bioresource Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jelle Wildschut, J.h. Reith, A. T. Smit, Wouter J. J. Huijgen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wheat straw fractionation by ethanol organosolv was studied as pretreatment for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis. A parametric study focusing on temperature, reaction time, acid catalyst dose, solvent concentration, and particle size was performed to determine their influence on delignification, xylan Hydrolysis, and Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility. Major process parameters were found to be temperature, ethanol concentration, and acid dose. Optimisation of the process towards Enzymatic digestibility resulted in a maximum glucose yield of 86% without the use of a catalyst (lignin yield 84%, organosolv at 210 °C, 50% w/w aqueous EtOH). Using 30 mM H2SO4 as catalyst resulted in similar glucose and lignin yields at a lower temperature (190 °C, 60% w/w aqueous EtOH). Lowering the pretreatment temperature by using an acid catalyst substantially improved the yield of the hemiCellulose derivatives xylose and furfural. A systematic approach in pretreatment optimisation is vital for development of efficient lignocellulosic biorefineries.

  • Fractionation of wheat straw by preHydrolysis, organosolv delignification and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for production of sugars and lignin.
    Bioresource Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Wouter J. J. Huijgen, A. T. Smit, P.j. De Wild
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wheat straw was fractionated using a three-step biorefining approach: (1) aqueous pretreatment for hemiCellulose preHydrolysis into sugars, (2) organosolv delignification, and (3) Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis into glucose. PreHydrolysis was applied to avoid degradation of hemiCellulose sugars during organosolv delignification. Maximum xylose yield obtained was 67% or 0.17 kg/kg straw (preHydrolysis: 175 °C, 30 min, 20 mM H2SO4) compared to 4% in case of organosolv without preHydrolysis (organosolv: 200 °C, 60 min, 60% w/w aqueous ethanol). PreHydrolysis was found to reduce the lignin yield by organosolv delignification due to the formation of ‘pseudo-lignin’ and lignin recondensation during preHydrolysis. This reduction could partly be compensated by increasing the temperature of the organosolv delignification step. PreHydrolysis substantially improved the Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility from 49% after organosolv without preHydrolysis to 80% (20 FPU/g substrate). Increasing the organosolv delignification temperature to 220 °C resulted in a maximum Enzymatic glucose yield of 93% or 0.36 kg/kg straw.

Jonathan S Dordick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ionic liquid‐mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2009
    Co-Authors: Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J Linhardt, Jonathan S Dordick
    Abstract:

    LignoCellulose represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and bio-based products. Unfortunately, lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant to biotransformation, both microbial and Enzymatic, which limits its use and prevents economic- ally viable conversion into value-added products. As a result, effective pretreatment strategies are necessary, which invari- ably involves high energy processing or results in the degra- dation of key components of lignoCellulose. In this work, the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ((Emim)(CH3COO)), was used as a pretreatment solvent to extract lignin from wood flour. The Cellulose in the pretreated wood flour becomes far less crystalline without undergoing solubilization. When 40% of the lignin was removed, the Cellulose crystallinity index dropped below 45, resulting in >90% of the Cellulose in wood flour to be hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulase. (Emim) (CH3COO) was easily reused, thereby resulting in a highly concentrated solution of chemically unmodified lignin, which may serve as a valuable source of a polyaromatic material as a value-added product. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1368-1376.

  • ionic liquid mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2009
    Co-Authors: Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J Linhardt, Jonathan S Dordick
    Abstract:

    LignoCellulose represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and bio-based products. Unfortunately, lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant to biotransformation, both microbial and Enzymatic, which limits its use and prevents economic- ally viable conversion into value-added products. As a result, effective pretreatment strategies are necessary, which invari- ably involves high energy processing or results in the degra- dation of key components of lignoCellulose. In this work, the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ((Emim)(CH3COO)), was used as a pretreatment solvent to extract lignin from wood flour. The Cellulose in the pretreated wood flour becomes far less crystalline without undergoing solubilization. When 40% of the lignin was removed, the Cellulose crystallinity index dropped below 45, resulting in >90% of the Cellulose in wood flour to be hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulase. (Emim) (CH3COO) was easily reused, thereby resulting in a highly concentrated solution of chemically unmodified lignin, which may serve as a valuable source of a polyaromatic material as a value-added product. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1368-1376.

  • Ionic liquid-mediated selective extraction of lignin from wood leading to enhanced Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2009
    Co-Authors: Sang-hyun Lee, Thomas V. Doherty, Robert J Linhardt, Jonathan S Dordick
    Abstract:

    LignoCellulose represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and bio-based products. Unfortunately, lignocellulosic biomass is highly recalcitrant to biotransformation, both microbial and Enzymatic, which limits its use and prevents economically viable conversion into value-added products. As a result, effective pretreatment strategies are necessary, which invariably involves high energy processing or results in the degradation of key components of lignoCellulose. In this work, the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][CH3COO]), was used as a pretreatment solvent to extract lignin from wood flour. The Cellulose in the pretreated wood flour becomes far less crystalline without undergoing solubilization. When 40% of the lignin was removed, the Cellulose crystallinity index dropped below 45, resulting in >90% of the Cellulose in wood flour to be hydrolyzed by Trichoderma viride cellulase. [Emim] [CH3COO] was easily reused, thereby resulting in a highly concentrated solution of chemically unmodified lignin, which may serve as a valuable source of a polyaromatic material as a value-added product.

W. J J Huijgen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of wheat straw for the production of lignin and Enzymatically digestible Cellulose
    Bioresource Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jelle Wildschut, J.h. Reith, A. T. Smit, W. J J Huijgen
    Abstract:

    Wheat straw fractionation by ethanol organosolv was studied as pretreatment for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis. A parametric study focusing on temperature, reaction time, acid catalyst dose, solvent concentration, and particle size was performed to determine their influence on delignification, xylan Hydrolysis, and Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility. Major process parameters were found to be temperature, ethanol concentration, and acid dose. Optimisation of the process towards Enzymatic digestibility resulted in a maximum glucose yield of 86% without the use of a catalyst (lignin yield 84%, organosolv at 210°C, 50% w/w aqueous EtOH). Using 30mM H2SO4as catalyst resulted in similar glucose and lignin yields at a lower temperature (190°C, 60% w/w aqueous EtOH). Lowering the pretreatment temperature by using an acid catalyst substantially improved the yield of the hemiCellulose derivatives xylose and furfural. A systematic approach in pretreatment optimisation is vital for development of efficient lignocellulosic biorefineries. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

  • catalytic organosolv fractionation of willow wood and wheat straw as pretreatment for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis
    Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2011
    Co-Authors: W. J J Huijgen, A. T. Smit, J.h. Reith
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass is an effective pretreatment technology for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis to produce sugars and lignin within a biorefinery. This study focuses on the catalytic effect of H2SO4, HCl, and MgCl2 on organosolv pretreatment of willow wood and wheat straw. RESULTS: The use of catalysts improved fractionation of both feedstocks. The maximum Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility obtained was 87% for willow wood (using 0.01 mol L−1 H2SO4 as catalyst) and 99% for wheat straw (0.02 mol L−1 HCl). Non-catalytic organosolv fractionation at identical conditions resulted in 74% (willow wood) and 44% (wheat straw) glucose yield by Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Application of catalysts in organosolv pretreatment was particularly effective for wheat straw. The influence of the acid catalysts was found to be primarily due to their effect on the pH of the organosolv liquor. Acid catalysts particularly promoted xylan Hydrolysis. MgCl2 was less effective than the acid catalysts, but it seemed to more selectively improve delignification of willow wood. CONCLUSION: Application of catalysts in organosolv pretreatment of willow wood and wheat straw was found to substantially improve fractionation and Enzymatic digestibility. The use of catalysts can contribute to achieving maximum utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in organosolv-based biorefineries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

J.h. Reith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of wheat straw for the production of lignin and Enzymatically digestible Cellulose
    Bioresource Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jelle Wildschut, J.h. Reith, A. T. Smit, W. J J Huijgen
    Abstract:

    Wheat straw fractionation by ethanol organosolv was studied as pretreatment for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis. A parametric study focusing on temperature, reaction time, acid catalyst dose, solvent concentration, and particle size was performed to determine their influence on delignification, xylan Hydrolysis, and Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility. Major process parameters were found to be temperature, ethanol concentration, and acid dose. Optimisation of the process towards Enzymatic digestibility resulted in a maximum glucose yield of 86% without the use of a catalyst (lignin yield 84%, organosolv at 210°C, 50% w/w aqueous EtOH). Using 30mM H2SO4as catalyst resulted in similar glucose and lignin yields at a lower temperature (190°C, 60% w/w aqueous EtOH). Lowering the pretreatment temperature by using an acid catalyst substantially improved the yield of the hemiCellulose derivatives xylose and furfural. A systematic approach in pretreatment optimisation is vital for development of efficient lignocellulosic biorefineries. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

  • Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of wheat straw for the production of lignin and Enzymatically digestible Cellulose.
    Bioresource Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Jelle Wildschut, J.h. Reith, A. T. Smit, Wouter J. J. Huijgen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wheat straw fractionation by ethanol organosolv was studied as pretreatment for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis. A parametric study focusing on temperature, reaction time, acid catalyst dose, solvent concentration, and particle size was performed to determine their influence on delignification, xylan Hydrolysis, and Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility. Major process parameters were found to be temperature, ethanol concentration, and acid dose. Optimisation of the process towards Enzymatic digestibility resulted in a maximum glucose yield of 86% without the use of a catalyst (lignin yield 84%, organosolv at 210 °C, 50% w/w aqueous EtOH). Using 30 mM H2SO4 as catalyst resulted in similar glucose and lignin yields at a lower temperature (190 °C, 60% w/w aqueous EtOH). Lowering the pretreatment temperature by using an acid catalyst substantially improved the yield of the hemiCellulose derivatives xylose and furfural. A systematic approach in pretreatment optimisation is vital for development of efficient lignocellulosic biorefineries.

  • catalytic organosolv fractionation of willow wood and wheat straw as pretreatment for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis
    Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 2011
    Co-Authors: W. J J Huijgen, A. T. Smit, J.h. Reith
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Ethanol-based organosolv fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass is an effective pretreatment technology for Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis to produce sugars and lignin within a biorefinery. This study focuses on the catalytic effect of H2SO4, HCl, and MgCl2 on organosolv pretreatment of willow wood and wheat straw. RESULTS: The use of catalysts improved fractionation of both feedstocks. The maximum Enzymatic Cellulose digestibility obtained was 87% for willow wood (using 0.01 mol L−1 H2SO4 as catalyst) and 99% for wheat straw (0.02 mol L−1 HCl). Non-catalytic organosolv fractionation at identical conditions resulted in 74% (willow wood) and 44% (wheat straw) glucose yield by Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Application of catalysts in organosolv pretreatment was particularly effective for wheat straw. The influence of the acid catalysts was found to be primarily due to their effect on the pH of the organosolv liquor. Acid catalysts particularly promoted xylan Hydrolysis. MgCl2 was less effective than the acid catalysts, but it seemed to more selectively improve delignification of willow wood. CONCLUSION: Application of catalysts in organosolv pretreatment of willow wood and wheat straw was found to substantially improve fractionation and Enzymatic digestibility. The use of catalysts can contribute to achieving maximum utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in organosolv-based biorefineries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry