The Experts below are selected from a list of 347271 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Naomi Breslau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Daytime sleepiness: an Epidemiological Study of young adults.
American Journal of Public Health, 1997Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Tom Roth, Leon Rosenthal, Patricia AndreskiAbstract:OBJECTIVES: Although excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with increased risks for accidents, decreased productivity, and interpersonal difficulties, information on its epidemiology is scarce. This paper examines correlates of and suspected risk factors for daytime sleepiness from a longitudinal Epidemiological Study of young adults. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1007 randomly selected young adults from a large health maintenance organization in southeast Michigan. Data were gathered in personal interviews conducted with 97% of the sample 5.5 years after baseline. Information on sleep characteristics in the last 2 weeks, including daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep onset, snoring, and hours of sleep, was collected on a self-administered instrument. Psychiatric disorders were measured by the National Institute of Mental Health's Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS: The average length of nocturnal sleep on weekdays was 6.7 hours. Daytime sleepiness was inversely related to hours of sleep and po...
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sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders a longitudinal Epidemiological Study of young adults
Biological Psychiatry, 1996Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Leon Rosenthal, Thomas Roth, Patricia AndreskiAbstract:In a longitudinal Epidemiological Study of young adults, we estimated the association between sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders, cross-sectionally and prospectively. A random sample of 1200 was drawn from all 21–30-year-old members of a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in Michigan; 1007 were interviewed in 1989 and 979 were reinterviewed in 1992. Lifetime prevalence of insomnia alone was 16.6%, of hypersomnia alone, 8.2%, and of insomnia plus hypersomnia, 8%. The gender-adjusted relative risk for new onset of major depression during the follow-up period in persons with history of insomnia at baseline was 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–7.0) and in persons with baseline history of hypersomnia, 2.9 (95% CI 1.5–5.6). When history of other prior depressive symptoms (e.g., psychomotor retardation or agitation, suicidal ideation) was controlled for, prior insomnia remained a significant predictor of subsequent major depression. Complaints of 2 weeks or more of insomnia nearly every night might be a useful marker of subsequent onset of major depression.
Patricia Andreski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Daytime sleepiness: an Epidemiological Study of young adults.
American Journal of Public Health, 1997Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Tom Roth, Leon Rosenthal, Patricia AndreskiAbstract:OBJECTIVES: Although excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with increased risks for accidents, decreased productivity, and interpersonal difficulties, information on its epidemiology is scarce. This paper examines correlates of and suspected risk factors for daytime sleepiness from a longitudinal Epidemiological Study of young adults. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1007 randomly selected young adults from a large health maintenance organization in southeast Michigan. Data were gathered in personal interviews conducted with 97% of the sample 5.5 years after baseline. Information on sleep characteristics in the last 2 weeks, including daytime sleepiness, nocturnal sleep onset, snoring, and hours of sleep, was collected on a self-administered instrument. Psychiatric disorders were measured by the National Institute of Mental Health's Diagnostic Interview Schedule. RESULTS: The average length of nocturnal sleep on weekdays was 6.7 hours. Daytime sleepiness was inversely related to hours of sleep and po...
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sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders a longitudinal Epidemiological Study of young adults
Biological Psychiatry, 1996Co-Authors: Naomi Breslau, Leon Rosenthal, Thomas Roth, Patricia AndreskiAbstract:In a longitudinal Epidemiological Study of young adults, we estimated the association between sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders, cross-sectionally and prospectively. A random sample of 1200 was drawn from all 21–30-year-old members of a large health maintenance organization (HMO) in Michigan; 1007 were interviewed in 1989 and 979 were reinterviewed in 1992. Lifetime prevalence of insomnia alone was 16.6%, of hypersomnia alone, 8.2%, and of insomnia plus hypersomnia, 8%. The gender-adjusted relative risk for new onset of major depression during the follow-up period in persons with history of insomnia at baseline was 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–7.0) and in persons with baseline history of hypersomnia, 2.9 (95% CI 1.5–5.6). When history of other prior depressive symptoms (e.g., psychomotor retardation or agitation, suicidal ideation) was controlled for, prior insomnia remained a significant predictor of subsequent major depression. Complaints of 2 weeks or more of insomnia nearly every night might be a useful marker of subsequent onset of major depression.
The Desir Study Group - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Calcium consumption and insulin resistance syndrome parameters. Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome (DESIR).
Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 2007Co-Authors: Peggy Drouillet, Beverley Balkau, Marie-aline Charles, Sylviane Vol, Martine Bedouet, Pierre Ducimetière, The Desir Study GroupAbstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM: A number of studies have investigated the role of dietary calcium in lipid metabolism and weight regulation, and the influence of dairy products on the incidence of insulin resistance syndrome. In this Study we have examined the relationship between dietary calcium and the established parameters of the insulin resistance syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Study population (n=4372) was taken from the DESIR (Data from the Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome) cohort. Data for parameters relating to the syndrome were recorded, including glucose, serum insulin, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, waist circumference and blood pressure. Total energy, calcium and alcohol intake were estimated using a food-frequency questionnaire. Relationships between dietary calcium density and the above parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity. From one quartile of calcium density to the next, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures and insulin concentrations decreased in women by 0.9mmHg, 0.5mmHg and 2.4%, respectively, and HDL-cholesterol increased by 0.007mmol/l (all p
Agnès Dechartres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Meta-analyses frequently pooled different Study types together: a meta-Epidemiological Study
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2020Co-Authors: René-sosata Bun, Jordan Scheer, Sylvie Guillo, Florence Tubach, Agnès DechartresAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of therapeutic meta-analyses including both observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), how these studies were combined and whether there were differences in treatment effects. Study design and setting: Meta-Epidemiological Study of meta-analyses, including both observational studies and RCTs. We searched MEDLINE for the five leading journals of each medical category according to Journal Citation Reports) and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from 2014 to 2018 for eligible meta-analyses and extracted how observational studies and RCTs were combined and results for each Study. Results: Of the 102 included meta-analyses, observational studies and RCTs were combined together without a subgroup analysis in 39 (38%) and with subgroup analysis in 15 (15%); they were pooled separately for the same outcome in 11 (11%) and not for the same outcome in 9 (9%). In 28 (27%) meta-analyses, only RCTs were combined, with a qualitative description of observational studies. Treatment effect estimates did not differ between observational studies and RCTs (ratio of estimates = 0.98 [95% confidence interval 0.80-1.21]), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 59%). Conclusion: Many meta-analyses, including both observational studies and RCTs pool results from both Study types. Although treatment effects did not differ between them on average, we identified situations for which estimates differed.
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influence of trial sample size on treatment effect estimates meta Epidemiological Study
BMJ, 2013Co-Authors: Agnès Dechartres, Ludovic Trinquart, Isabelle Boutron, Philippe RavaudAbstract:Objective To assess the influence of trial sample size on treatment effect estimates within meta-analyses. Design Meta-Epidemiological Study. Data sources 93 meta-analyses (735 randomised controlled trials) assessing therapeutic interventions with binary outcomes, published in the 10 leading journals of each medical subject category of the Journal Citation Reports or in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews . Data extraction Sample size, outcome data, and risk of bias extracted from each trial. Data synthesis Trials within each meta-analysis were sorted by their sample size: using quarters within each meta-analysis (from quarter 1 with 25% of the smallest trials, to quarter 4 with 25% of the largest trials), and using size groups across meta-analyses (ranging from Results Treatment effect estimates were significantly larger in smaller trials, regardless of sample size. Compared with quarter 4 (which included the largest trials), treatment effects were, on average, 32% larger in trials in quarter 1 (which included the smallest trials; ratio of odds ratios 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.57 to 0.82), 17% larger in trials in quarter 2 (0.83, 0.75 to 0.91), and 12% larger in trials in quarter 3 (0.88, 0.82 to 0.95). Similar results were obtained when comparing treatment effect estimates between different size groups. Compared with trials of 1000 patients or more, treatment effects were, on average, 48% larger in trials with fewer than 50 patients (0.52, 0.41 to 0.66) and 10% larger in trials with 500-999 patients (0.90, 0.82 to 1.00). Conclusions Treatment effect estimates differed within meta-analyses solely based on trial sample size, with stronger effect estimates seen in small to moderately sized trials than in the largest trials.
Willem J. G. Melchers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A sero-Epidemiological Study of the relationship between sexually transmitted agents and cervical cancer in Honduras
International journal of cancer, 1997Co-Authors: Annabelle Ferrera, Marc Baay, Paul Herbrink, Manuel Figueroa, Johan P. Velema, Willem J. G. MelchersAbstract:To investigate a possible cause-and-effect relationship between sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer, we performed a sero-Epidemiological Study on the presence of antibodies against a number of sexually transmitted agents (STAs) in patients with cervical cancer and their matched controls. In this Study, we used serological techniques to investigate the presence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Treponema pallidum and human papillomavirus (HPV) early protein E7 in sera from patients with cervical cancer, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and individually matched, healthy controls. The presence of antibodies to infectious agents other than HPV appeared not to be associated with risk of cervical neoplasia in either univariate or multivariate analysis. After adjustment for cytology, schooling and presence of HPV DNA in cervical scrapes, there was a significantly higher prevalence of antibodies to HPV-16 E7 protein in sera from patients with cervical cancer (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.0–12.9) than in healthy controls. The highest antibody prevalence was found among HPV-16 DNA–positive cervical cancer patients (33%). Our results indicate that in these Study groups past infections with the STA considered seems to be of no apparent relevance for cervical carcinogenesis and that the HPV-16 anti-E7 response appears to be associated with cervical cancer. Int. J. Cancer 73:781–785, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.