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Esther Lardreau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Difference Between Epileptic Auras and Migrainous Auras in the 19th Century
    Cephalalgia, 2007
    Co-Authors: Esther Lardreau
    Abstract:

    In the International Headache Society classification of headaches, the concept of Aura is given a key role. It serves as a boundary between ‘migraine without Aura’ and ‘migraine with Aura’. Historically, the concept of an Aura was borrowed from the epilepsy vocabulary; a borrowing that took place in English medicine at the beginning of the 19th century and in French medicine in the mid-19th century. It would therefore be interesting to see which features of the Epileptic Aura are used to explain the migraine Aura. Based on the French and English medical literature of the 19th century, two processes have been reviewed: (i) the emergence of the concept of Aura, and (ii) the modifications of this concept throughout the 19th century. It appears that the original medical use of the term ‘Aura’ as a set of rising tactile sensations was in use from the 2nd century until late in the 19th century, but then various other symptoms were recognized and the Aura gradually became accepted as an early part of the seizure. By the end of the 19th century the Aura that preceded a migraine was seen as a similar process, and thought of as part of the migraine sequence.

Anthony P. Monaco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Familial temporal lobe epilepsy as a presenting feature of choreoacanthocytosis.
    Epilepsia, 2005
    Co-Authors: Abdullah Al-asmi, Carol Dobson-stone, François Dubeau, An C. Jansen, Amanpreet Badhwar, Donatella Tampieri, Chaim Shustik, Suha Mercho, Ghislaine Savard, Anthony P. Monaco
    Abstract:

    Summary: Purpose: Choreoacanthocytosis (ChAc) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in VPS13A on chromosome 9q21 and characterized by neurodegeneration and red cell acanthocytosis. Seizures are not uncommon in ChAc but have not been well characterized in the literature. We report two ChAc families in which patients presented with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Detailed medical and family histories were obtained. EEG, video-telemetry, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetric studies of amygdala and hippocampus, as well as neuropsychological testing were performed. Blood smears were examined for acanthocytosis. Mutation analysis of VPS13A was carried out in five patients. Results: Six patients in three sibships were initially seen with seizures. Age at seizure onset ranged from 22 to 38 years. Seizures preceded other clinical manifestations of ChAc by ≤15 years. The Epileptic Aura consisted of a sensation of deja-vu, fear, hallucinations, palpitations, or vertigo. EEG with video-telemetry showed epileptiform discharges originating either from one or both temporal lobes. Epilepsy was generally well controlled, but some patients had periods of increased seizure frequency requiring treatment with multiple antiEpileptic drugs (AEDs). Both families shared a deletion of exons 70–73 of VPS13A, extending to exons 6–7 of GNA14. Conclusions: Temporal lobe epilepsy may be the presenting feature of ChAc and may delay its diagnosis. Epilepsy in ChAc patients represents a challenge, because seizures may at times be difficult to control, and some AEDs may worsen the involuntary movements. Mutations in VPS13A or GNA14 or both may be associated with clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Abdullah Al-asmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Familial temporal lobe epilepsy as a presenting feature of choreoacanthocytosis.
    Epilepsia, 2005
    Co-Authors: Abdullah Al-asmi, Carol Dobson-stone, François Dubeau, An C. Jansen, Amanpreet Badhwar, Donatella Tampieri, Chaim Shustik, Suha Mercho, Ghislaine Savard, Anthony P. Monaco
    Abstract:

    Summary: Purpose: Choreoacanthocytosis (ChAc) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in VPS13A on chromosome 9q21 and characterized by neurodegeneration and red cell acanthocytosis. Seizures are not uncommon in ChAc but have not been well characterized in the literature. We report two ChAc families in which patients presented with temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: Detailed medical and family histories were obtained. EEG, video-telemetry, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with volumetric studies of amygdala and hippocampus, as well as neuropsychological testing were performed. Blood smears were examined for acanthocytosis. Mutation analysis of VPS13A was carried out in five patients. Results: Six patients in three sibships were initially seen with seizures. Age at seizure onset ranged from 22 to 38 years. Seizures preceded other clinical manifestations of ChAc by ≤15 years. The Epileptic Aura consisted of a sensation of deja-vu, fear, hallucinations, palpitations, or vertigo. EEG with video-telemetry showed epileptiform discharges originating either from one or both temporal lobes. Epilepsy was generally well controlled, but some patients had periods of increased seizure frequency requiring treatment with multiple antiEpileptic drugs (AEDs). Both families shared a deletion of exons 70–73 of VPS13A, extending to exons 6–7 of GNA14. Conclusions: Temporal lobe epilepsy may be the presenting feature of ChAc and may delay its diagnosis. Epilepsy in ChAc patients represents a challenge, because seizures may at times be difficult to control, and some AEDs may worsen the involuntary movements. Mutations in VPS13A or GNA14 or both may be associated with clinical features of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Adam Zeman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Is there anything distinctive about Epileptic déjà vu
    Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 2013
    Co-Authors: Charlotte Warren-gash, Adam Zeman
    Abstract:

    Background Deja vu can occur as an Aura of temporal lobe epilepsy and in some psychiatric conditions but is also common in the general population. It is unclear whether any clinical features distinguish pathological and physiological forms of deja vu. Methods 50 Epileptic patients with ictal deja vu, 50 non-Epileptic patients attending general neurology clinics and 50 medical students at Edinburgh University were recruited. Data were collected on demographic factors, the experience of deja vu using a questionnaire based on Sno9s Inventory for Deja Vu Experiences Assessment, symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as well as seizure characteristics, anti-Epileptic medications, handedness, EEG and neuroimaging findings for Epileptic patients. Results 73.5% of neurology patients, 88% of students and (by definition) all epilepsy patients had experienced deja vu. The experience of deja vu itself was similar in the three groups. Epileptic deja vu occurred more frequently and lasted somewhat longer than physiological deja vu. Epilepsy patients were more likely to report prior fatigue and concentrated activity, associated derealisation, olfactory and gustatory hallucinations, physical symptoms such as headaches, abdominal sensations and fear. After controlling for study group, anxiety and depression scores were not associated with deja vu frequency. Conclusions Deja vu is common and qualitatively similar whether it occurs as an Epileptic Aura or normal phenomenon. However ictal deja vu occurs more frequently and is accompanied by several distinctive features. It is distinguished primarily by ‘the company it keeps’.

P. Wolf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Epileptic Aura and perception of self control
    Epilepsy & Behavior, 2015
    Co-Authors: Allan Lohse, Troels W Kjaer, Anne Sabers, P. Wolf
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective The health locus of control is the subjective perception of control over one's health. It has been studied for years as one of several factors that determine patient health-related behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate how the Epileptic Aura is associated with the health locus of control, anxiety, and depression. Methods Patients were included retrospectively, based on patient records from the epilepsy monitoring unit of the Rigshospitalet University Hospital. Participants were asked about the presence and nature of Auras in a semistructured interview. The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, Form C was used to evaluate the health locus of control. Three domains were evaluated: internal , where health is controlled by personal action; chance , where health is controlled by fate or luck; and powerful others , where health is controlled by the actions of others (e.g., doctors and parents). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to evaluate levels of anxiety and depression. Results Forty-nine patients, with mean age of 38 years, participated in the study. Of these, 67% reported experiencing one or more Auras; i.e., subjective warning signs prior to a generalized or focal seizure with an impairment in consciousness. Patients that could react to their Aura prior to a seizure scored higher on the internal subscale of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control questionnaire compared to participants that could not react to their Aura. Conclusions The ability to react to an Aura prior to a seizure correlated positively with the internal subscale of the health locus of control. However, it did not significantly correlate with the external subscales of chance and powerful others in the health locus of control. Moreover, there was no significant relation between the ability to react to an Aura prior to a seizure and the levels of anxiety or depression.

  • the Epileptic Aura in literature aesthetic and philosophical dimensions an essay
    Epilepsia, 2013
    Co-Authors: P. Wolf
    Abstract:

    Summary In literary accounts of epilepsy the Aura has a prominent place as the subjective aspect of the seizure experience. Descriptions by authors with their own Aura experiences stand out by their precision and authenticity. Many different Aura types are mentioned, but the ecstatic Aura described by Dostoyevsky has received particular attention and is echoed in many later works. Some authors are interested primarily in the possibilities provided by Auras to react, for example, by hiding, seeking help, counteracting the oncoming seizure, or taking measures to prevent damage. Others by their unique Aura experiences are inspired to create specific literary flavors like oxymora, spectacular metaphors, or the depiction of complex perceptions and states of mind. Some authors, adding a philosophical dimension, proceed to analyze the consequences of patients’ subjective seizure experiences for their identity and their self-perception as creative or religious persons. To sum up, the works discussed herein strongly support that literary texts provide valuable insights beyond those of medical texts.

  • Amnesia of the Epileptic Aura
    Neurology, 1995
    Co-Authors: Reinhard Schulz, Hans Lüders, Soheyl Noachtar, Theodor W. May, Américo Ceiki Sakamoto, Hans Holthausen, P. Wolf
    Abstract:

    Article abstract —In a prospective study lasting 6 months, we recorded on video 108 seizures with Aura of 23 patients in an attempt to evaluate the mechanisms involved in the encoding of memories. In 88 of those seizures, we also recorded an EEG. The percentage of Auras remembered decreased significantly with increasing severity of the seizures. The recollection of Auras was also significantly dependent on the ictal EEG changes during the Aura. Ninety-seven percent of the Auras without EEG changes, 94% of the Auras with unilateral EEG changes, and 73% of the Auras with bilateral EEG changes during the Aura were remembered. The spread of the ictal EEG pattern during the Aura also showed a significant correlation with the severity of the ensuing seizure. Three patients with bitemporal epilepsy made up a considerable proportion of those who never remembered their Aura before secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures (2 of 3) and of those who had a transient postictal amnesia of their Aura (2 of 3). The only patient who failed to remember a previously documented isolated Aura also suffered from bitemporal epilepsy. During the second part of the study, we questioned whether information provided during the history could be helpful in defining the type of epilepsy syndrome or localizing the EEG seizure pattern of the 80 patients who had been admitted for presurgical epilepsy diagnosis. Localized (regional, unilateral, and independent left and right lateral) EEG seizure patterns occurred in 82% of the 51 patients with Auras in their history as compared with 24% of the 17 patients who did not have Auras in their history (p