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Morris Moscovitch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Episodic Memory and beyond the hippocampus and neocortex in transformation
Annual Review of Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Morris Moscovitch, Roberto Cabeza, Gordon Winocur, Lynn NadelAbstract:The last decade has seen dramatic technological and conceptual changes in research on Episodic Memory and the brain. New technologies, and increased use of more naturalistic observations, have enabled investigators to delve deeply into the structures that mediate Episodic Memory, particularly the hippocampus, and to track functional and structural interactions among brain regions that support it. Conceptually, Episodic Memory is increasingly being viewed as subject to lifelong transformations that are reflected in the neural substrates that mediate it. In keeping with this dynamic perspective, research on Episodic Memory (and the hippocampus) has infiltrated domains, from perception to language and from empathy to problem solving, that were once considered outside its boundaries. Using the component process model as a framework, and focusing on the hippocampus, its subfields, and specialization along its longitudinal axis, along with its interaction with other brain regions, we consider these new developm...
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Hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in Episodic Memory:
2016Co-Authors: Endel Tulving, Fergus I. M. Craik, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Data are reviewed from positron emission tomography studies of encoding and retrieval processes in Episodic Memory. These data suggest a hemispheric encod- ing/retrieval asymmetry model of prefrontal involvement in encoding and retrieval of Episodic Memory. According to this model, the left and right prefrontal lobes are part of an extensive neuronal network that subserves Episodic remember- ing, but the two prefrontal hemispheres play different roles. Left prefrontal cortical regions are differentially more involved in retrieval of information from semantic Memory and in simultaneously encoding novel aspects of the retrieved infor- mation into Episodic Memory. Right prefrontal cortical re- gions, on the other hand, are differentially more involved in Episodic Memory retrieval.
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the parietal cortex and Episodic Memory an attentional account
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Roberto Cabeza, Elisa Ciaramelli, Ingrid R Olson, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Conflicting findings from neuroimaging and patient-lesion studies have led to confusion regarding the parietal cortex's contribution to Episodic Memory. Cabeza and colleagues evaluate the hypotheses that have been put forward to explain these findings and discuss their attention-based hypothesis. The contribution of the parietal cortex to Episodic Memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle. On the one hand, parietal lesions do not normally yield severe Episodic-Memory deficits; on the other hand, parietal activations are seen frequently in functional-neuroimaging studies of Episodic Memory. A review of these two categories of evidence suggests that the answer to the puzzle requires us to distinguish between the contributions of dorsal and ventral parietal regions and between the influence of top-down and bottom-up attention on Memory.
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The parietal cortex and Episodic Memory: an attentional account
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Roberto Cabeza, Elisa Ciaramelli, Ingrid R Olson, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Conflicting findings from neuroimaging and patient-lesion studies have led to confusion regarding the parietal cortex's contribution to Episodic Memory. Cabeza and colleagues evaluate the hypotheses that have been put forward to explain these findings and discuss their attention-based hypothesis. The contribution of the parietal cortex to Episodic Memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle. On the one hand, parietal lesions do not normally yield severe Episodic-Memory deficits; on the other hand, parietal activations are seen frequently in functional-neuroimaging studies of Episodic Memory. A review of these two categories of evidence suggests that the answer to the puzzle requires us to distinguish between the contributions of dorsal and ventral parietal regions and between the influence of top-down and bottom-up attention on Memory. The contribution of the parietal cortex to Episodic Memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle: although parietal lesions do not normally yield severe Episodic-Memory deficits, parietal activations are seen frequently in functional-neuroimaging studies of Episodic-Memory retrieval. Although parietal lesions do not impair standard cued recall and recognition tests, recent studies have demonstrated that when patients with parietal lesions try to remember complex events, the events' contextual details do not spring to mind automatically and do not trigger vivid remembering states. In some functional-neuroimaging studies, parietal activations have been associated with successful retrieval and vivid remembering, whereas in other studies they have been associated with 'old responses' or source-Memory tasks, regardless of the accuracy with which the information was recalled. These activations have been attributed to working-Memory maintenance of retrieved information, to the accumulation of an oldness signal, and to attention to internal representations, but none of these hypotheses accounts for all of the available evidence. A meta-analysis of event-related functional MRI studies shows that activations that are associated with familiarity and low-confidence recognition are more frequent in the dorsal parietal cortex (DPC; including the intraparietal sulcus, the superior parietal lobule and the precuneus (roughly, Brodmann area 7)). Recollection and high-confidence activations, on the other hand, are more frequent in the ventral parietal cortex (VPC; including the supramarginal and angular gyri (roughly, Brodmann areas 39 and 40). Extending to the Episodic-Memory domain a distinction that has been made in the attention literature, we propose that the DPC mediates attention that is guided by retrieval goals (top-down attention), whereas the VPC mediates attention that is captured by relevant Memory cues and/or recovered memories (bottom-up attention). This attention to Memory (AtoM) model provides a good account for functional-neuroimaging data and suggests that parietal lesions do not impair Memory recovery, but rather the capacity of attending to recovered memories (Memory neglect). This idea provides a potential solution to the aforementioned scientific puzzle.
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hemispheric encoding retrieval asymmetry in Episodic Memory positron emission tomography findings
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994Co-Authors: Endel Tulving, Fergus I. M. Craik, Morris Moscovitch, Shitij Kapur, Sylvain HouleAbstract:Data are reviewed from positron emission tomography studies of encoding and retrieval processes in Episodic Memory. These data suggest a hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry model of prefrontal involvement in encoding and retrieval of Episodic Memory. According to this model, the left and right prefrontal lobes are part of an extensive neuronal network that subserves Episodic remembering, but the two prefrontal hemispheres play different roles. Left prefrontal cortical regions are differentially more involved in retrieval of information from semantic Memory and in simultaneously encoding novel aspects of the retrieved information into Episodic Memory. Right prefrontal cortical regions, on the other hand, are differentially more involved in Episodic Memory retrieval.
Endel Tulving - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry in Episodic Memory:
2016Co-Authors: Endel Tulving, Fergus I. M. Craik, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Data are reviewed from positron emission tomography studies of encoding and retrieval processes in Episodic Memory. These data suggest a hemispheric encod- ing/retrieval asymmetry model of prefrontal involvement in encoding and retrieval of Episodic Memory. According to this model, the left and right prefrontal lobes are part of an extensive neuronal network that subserves Episodic remember- ing, but the two prefrontal hemispheres play different roles. Left prefrontal cortical regions are differentially more involved in retrieval of information from semantic Memory and in simultaneously encoding novel aspects of the retrieved infor- mation into Episodic Memory. Right prefrontal cortical re- gions, on the other hand, are differentially more involved in Episodic Memory retrieval.
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Theory of mind is independent of Episodic Memory.
Science, 2007Co-Authors: R. Shayna Rosenbaum, Donald T. Stuss, Brian Levine, Endel TulvingAbstract:Theory of mind (ToM) to infer other people9s current mental states and Episodic Memory of personal happenings have been assumed to be closely related. We report two participants with severely impaired Episodic Memory who perform indistinguishably from healthy controls on objective ToM tests. These results suggest that ToM can function independently of Episodic Memory.
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Episodic Memory from mind to brain
Annual Review of Psychology, 2002Co-Authors: Endel TulvingAbstract:▪ Abstract Episodic Memory is a neurocognitive (brain/mind) system, uniquely different from other Memory systems, that enables human beings to remember past experiences. The notion of Episodic Memory was first proposed some 30 years ago. At that time it was defined in terms of materials and tasks. It was subsequently refined and elaborated in terms of ideas such as self, subjective time, and autonoetic consciousness. This chapter provides a brief history of the concept of Episodic Memory, describes how it has changed (indeed greatly changed) since its inception, considers criticisms of it, and then discusses supporting evidence provided by (a) neuropsychological studies of patterns of Memory impairment caused by brain damage, and (b) functional neuroimaging studies of patterns of brain activity of normal subjects engaged in various Memory tasks. I also suggest that Episodic Memory is a true, even if as yet generally unappreciated, marvel of nature.
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hemispheric encoding retrieval asymmetry in Episodic Memory positron emission tomography findings
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994Co-Authors: Endel Tulving, Fergus I. M. Craik, Morris Moscovitch, Shitij Kapur, Sylvain HouleAbstract:Data are reviewed from positron emission tomography studies of encoding and retrieval processes in Episodic Memory. These data suggest a hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry model of prefrontal involvement in encoding and retrieval of Episodic Memory. According to this model, the left and right prefrontal lobes are part of an extensive neuronal network that subserves Episodic remembering, but the two prefrontal hemispheres play different roles. Left prefrontal cortical regions are differentially more involved in retrieval of information from semantic Memory and in simultaneously encoding novel aspects of the retrieved information into Episodic Memory. Right prefrontal cortical regions, on the other hand, are differentially more involved in Episodic Memory retrieval.
Roberto Cabeza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Episodic Memory and beyond the hippocampus and neocortex in transformation
Annual Review of Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Morris Moscovitch, Roberto Cabeza, Gordon Winocur, Lynn NadelAbstract:The last decade has seen dramatic technological and conceptual changes in research on Episodic Memory and the brain. New technologies, and increased use of more naturalistic observations, have enabled investigators to delve deeply into the structures that mediate Episodic Memory, particularly the hippocampus, and to track functional and structural interactions among brain regions that support it. Conceptually, Episodic Memory is increasingly being viewed as subject to lifelong transformations that are reflected in the neural substrates that mediate it. In keeping with this dynamic perspective, research on Episodic Memory (and the hippocampus) has infiltrated domains, from perception to language and from empathy to problem solving, that were once considered outside its boundaries. Using the component process model as a framework, and focusing on the hippocampus, its subfields, and specialization along its longitudinal axis, along with its interaction with other brain regions, we consider these new developm...
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the parietal cortex and Episodic Memory an attentional account
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Roberto Cabeza, Elisa Ciaramelli, Ingrid R Olson, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Conflicting findings from neuroimaging and patient-lesion studies have led to confusion regarding the parietal cortex's contribution to Episodic Memory. Cabeza and colleagues evaluate the hypotheses that have been put forward to explain these findings and discuss their attention-based hypothesis. The contribution of the parietal cortex to Episodic Memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle. On the one hand, parietal lesions do not normally yield severe Episodic-Memory deficits; on the other hand, parietal activations are seen frequently in functional-neuroimaging studies of Episodic Memory. A review of these two categories of evidence suggests that the answer to the puzzle requires us to distinguish between the contributions of dorsal and ventral parietal regions and between the influence of top-down and bottom-up attention on Memory.
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The parietal cortex and Episodic Memory: an attentional account
Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2008Co-Authors: Roberto Cabeza, Elisa Ciaramelli, Ingrid R Olson, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Conflicting findings from neuroimaging and patient-lesion studies have led to confusion regarding the parietal cortex's contribution to Episodic Memory. Cabeza and colleagues evaluate the hypotheses that have been put forward to explain these findings and discuss their attention-based hypothesis. The contribution of the parietal cortex to Episodic Memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle. On the one hand, parietal lesions do not normally yield severe Episodic-Memory deficits; on the other hand, parietal activations are seen frequently in functional-neuroimaging studies of Episodic Memory. A review of these two categories of evidence suggests that the answer to the puzzle requires us to distinguish between the contributions of dorsal and ventral parietal regions and between the influence of top-down and bottom-up attention on Memory. The contribution of the parietal cortex to Episodic Memory is a fascinating scientific puzzle: although parietal lesions do not normally yield severe Episodic-Memory deficits, parietal activations are seen frequently in functional-neuroimaging studies of Episodic-Memory retrieval. Although parietal lesions do not impair standard cued recall and recognition tests, recent studies have demonstrated that when patients with parietal lesions try to remember complex events, the events' contextual details do not spring to mind automatically and do not trigger vivid remembering states. In some functional-neuroimaging studies, parietal activations have been associated with successful retrieval and vivid remembering, whereas in other studies they have been associated with 'old responses' or source-Memory tasks, regardless of the accuracy with which the information was recalled. These activations have been attributed to working-Memory maintenance of retrieved information, to the accumulation of an oldness signal, and to attention to internal representations, but none of these hypotheses accounts for all of the available evidence. A meta-analysis of event-related functional MRI studies shows that activations that are associated with familiarity and low-confidence recognition are more frequent in the dorsal parietal cortex (DPC; including the intraparietal sulcus, the superior parietal lobule and the precuneus (roughly, Brodmann area 7)). Recollection and high-confidence activations, on the other hand, are more frequent in the ventral parietal cortex (VPC; including the supramarginal and angular gyri (roughly, Brodmann areas 39 and 40). Extending to the Episodic-Memory domain a distinction that has been made in the attention literature, we propose that the DPC mediates attention that is guided by retrieval goals (top-down attention), whereas the VPC mediates attention that is captured by relevant Memory cues and/or recovered memories (bottom-up attention). This attention to Memory (AtoM) model provides a good account for functional-neuroimaging data and suggests that parietal lesions do not impair Memory recovery, but rather the capacity of attending to recovered memories (Memory neglect). This idea provides a potential solution to the aforementioned scientific puzzle.
Raymond J Dolan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dopamine modulates Episodic Memory persistence in old age
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2012Co-Authors: Rumana Chowdhury, Marc Guitartmasip, Nico Bunzeck, Raymond J Dolan, Emrah DuzelAbstract:Activation of the hippocampus is required to encode memories for new events (or episodes). Observations from animal studies suggest that, for these memories to persist beyond 4–6 h, a release of dopamine generated by strong hippocampal activation is needed. This predicts that dopaminergic enhancement should improve human Episodic Memory persistence also for events encoded with weak hippocampal activation. Here, using pharmacological functional MRI (fMRI) in an elderly population in which there is a loss of dopamine neurons as part of normal aging, we show this very effect. The dopamine precursor levodopa led to a dose-dependent (inverted U-shape) persistent Episodic Memory benefit for images of scenes when tested after 6 h, independent of whether encoding-related hippocampal fMRI activity was weak or strong (U-shaped dose–response relationship). This lasting improvement even for weakly encoded events supports a role for dopamine in human Episodic Memory consolidation, albeit operating within a narrow dose range.
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brain regions associated with acquisition and retrieval of verbal Episodic Memory
Nature, 1994Co-Authors: Tim Shallice, Paul C. Fletcher, Raymond J Dolan, Chris D Frith, P M Grasby, Richard S J FrackowiakAbstract:IT is widely held that conscious recall of past experiences involves a specific system—Episodic Memory1. Patients with amnesia have gross impairments of Episodic Memory while other kinds of Memory remain intact2,3, suggesting that a separable brain system underlies Episodic Memory. We have used positron emission tomography (PET) to identify components of this system in normal volunteers. A dual-task interference paradigm4 was used to isolate brain areas associated with acquisition, and a cueing paradigm5 to isolate the areas concerned with retrieval from verbal Episodic Memory. Acquisition was associated with activity in the left pre-frontal cortex and the retrosplenial area, whereas retrieval was associated with activity in right prefrontal cortex and the precu-neus. Our results provide clear evidence that Episodic Memory involves a network of specific prefrontal and posterior structures6,7 which can be fractionated into different component processes.
Sylvain Houle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hemispheric encoding retrieval asymmetry in Episodic Memory positron emission tomography findings
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1994Co-Authors: Endel Tulving, Fergus I. M. Craik, Morris Moscovitch, Shitij Kapur, Sylvain HouleAbstract:Data are reviewed from positron emission tomography studies of encoding and retrieval processes in Episodic Memory. These data suggest a hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry model of prefrontal involvement in encoding and retrieval of Episodic Memory. According to this model, the left and right prefrontal lobes are part of an extensive neuronal network that subserves Episodic remembering, but the two prefrontal hemispheres play different roles. Left prefrontal cortical regions are differentially more involved in retrieval of information from semantic Memory and in simultaneously encoding novel aspects of the retrieved information into Episodic Memory. Right prefrontal cortical regions, on the other hand, are differentially more involved in Episodic Memory retrieval.