The Experts below are selected from a list of 582 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rafael Balart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Properties of biobased epoxy resins from Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) crosslinked with a mixture of cyclic anhydride and maleinized Linseed Oil
Budapest University of Technology, 2019Co-Authors: M. D. Samper, Rafael Balart, J. M. Ferri, A. Carbonell-verdu, Octavio FenollarAbstract:This works aims at the development thermosetting resins derived from Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) of high biobased content, by using a mixture of crosslinking agents, i.e. methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) and maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO). By using only MNA as crosslinking agent, the obtained resins are characterized by high stiffness and, consequently, high fragility. When MLO content increasing in the crosslinking mixture, up to 25 wt%, a decrease in mechanical resistant and thermomechanical is detected, thus indicating that MLO can provide flexibility to ELO-based thermosetting resins which is an interesting issue to obtain tailored properties by selecting the appropriate mixture composition. In general, the thermosetting resin crosslinked with 10 wt% MLO and 40 wt% MNA gives balanced properties together with noticeable biobased content, thus broadening the potential of these materials for uses in green composites and coatings
-
development and characterization of environmentally friendly composites from poly butylene succinate pbs and almond shell flour with different compatibilizers
Composites Part B-engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Patricia Liminana, D Garciasanoguera, Rafael Balart, Luis Quilescarrillo, Nestor MontanesAbstract:Abstract This work reports the enhancement of the properties of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites containing 30 wt% almond shell flour (ASF) by using different compatibilizer families: epoxy, maleic anhydride and acrylic. With regard to the epoxy compatibilizers, Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) and Epoxidized soybean Oil (ESBO) were used. Two maleic anhydride-derived compatibilizers, namely, maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO) and dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) were used. Finally, two acrylic monomers, namely methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were employed. Uncompatibilized and compatibilized PBS/ASF composites were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties, morphology, thermal behaviour and thermomechanical performance. The obtained results suggest that all three vegetable Oil-derived compatibilizers (ELO, ESBO and MLO) give a remarkable increase in ductile properties while poor compatibilization is obtained with the acrylic monomers. These vegetable-Oil derived compatibilizers could represents an interesting environmentally friendly solution to compatibilizing polyester-type polymers and their composites with lignocellulosic materials.
-
development and optimization of renewable vinyl plastisol wood flour composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Materials & Design, 2016Co-Authors: Sergio Torresginer, D Garciasanoguera, Nestor Montanes, Octavio Fenollar, Rafael BalartAbstract:Abstract The application of vegetable Oils as novel plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is currently in the spotlight of the polymer industry due to their ingrained sustainability. In this study, novel vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites based on Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) were evaluated. For this, PVC was first plasticized by 70 parts by weight of ELO per hundred parts of resin (phr) to form a vinyl plastisol. Wood flour, obtained by dry grinding from reed (Phragmite communis), was then incorporated at five different loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.‐%) and three particle sizes (100, 250, and 500 μm). The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation was explored to activate the surface of wood flour to increase its interfacial adhesion with the vinyl plastisol. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the composites fracture and determine the dispersion of wood flour in the vinyl matrix. As per the surface appearance and mechanical results, optimal materials were observed for vinyl plastisol composites at high contents of wood flour with the largest particles that were previously exposed to UV for 4 min. Resultant renewable vinyl plastisol composites show a great deal of potential as designed materials for wood replacement in building applications.
-
New environmentally friendly composite laminates with Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) and slate fiber fabrics
Composites Part B: Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: M. D. Samper, Rafael Balart, Roberto Petrucci, Lourdes Sanchez-nacher, Jose Maria KennyAbstract:Abstract This work focuses on the development of new composite laminates based on the use of Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) as matrix and reinforcement fabrics from slate fibers with different silane treatments. The curing behavior of the ELO resin is followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the gelation is studied by oscillatory rheometry and gel-time. Composite laminates of ELO matrix and slate fabrics are manufactured by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and the mechanical properties of the composite laminates are tested in tensile, flexural and impact conditions. The effects of different silane coupling agents on fiber-matrix interface phenomena are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As in other siliceous fibers, silane treatment leads to improved mechanical performance but glycidyl silane treatment produces the optimum results as the interactions between silanized slate fiber and Epoxidized Linseed Oil are remarkably improved as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
-
characterization of the curing process of vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as a natural based plasticizer
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Octavio Fenollar, D Garciasanoguera, J Lopez, L Sancheznacher, Rafael BalartAbstract:In this work, we have evaluated the curing process of a natural-based plasticizer, Epoxidized Linseed Oil, as a possible alternative to phthalate substitution for polyvinyl chloride. Several curing times ranging from 6 to 14 min at different isothermal curing temperatures in the 140–220°C range have been selected. The effects of the curing process (in terms of time and temperature) have been determined by mechanical tests, color measurements, and microstructure characterization. The obtained results show that optimum overall properties are obtained for curing times of 10–12 min at 200°C or 8 min at 220°C, which are typical values of industrial processing of vinyl plastisols. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Nestor Montanes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Maleinized Linseed Oil as Epoxy Resin Hardener for Composites with High Bio Content Obtained from Linen Byproducts
MDPI AG, 2019Co-Authors: Vicent Fombuena, Nestor Montanes, Roberto Petrucci, Franco Dominici, Amparo Jordá-vilaplana, Luigi TorreAbstract:Green composites, with more than 78 wt.% of products obtained from linen linum usitatissimum, were developed in this research work. Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) was used as bio-based resin, a mix of nadic methyl anhydride (MNA) and maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO) were used as cross-linkers and finally, flax fabrics were used to obtain composite laminates by resin transfer molding (RTM). The flax fibers were modified using amino-silane, glycidyl-silane and maleic anhydride treatment in order to increase the compatibility between lignocellulosic fibers and the polymeric matrix. Mechanical and thermal properties were studied by flexural, tensile and impact test, as well as dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) to study the viscoelastic behavior. Contrary to what could be expected, when fibers are previously treated in presence of MLO, a reduction of anchorage points is obtained causing a substantial increase in the ductile properties compared with composites without previous fiber treatment or without MLO
-
development and characterization of environmentally friendly composites from poly butylene succinate pbs and almond shell flour with different compatibilizers
Composites Part B-engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Patricia Liminana, D Garciasanoguera, Rafael Balart, Luis Quilescarrillo, Nestor MontanesAbstract:Abstract This work reports the enhancement of the properties of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites containing 30 wt% almond shell flour (ASF) by using different compatibilizer families: epoxy, maleic anhydride and acrylic. With regard to the epoxy compatibilizers, Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) and Epoxidized soybean Oil (ESBO) were used. Two maleic anhydride-derived compatibilizers, namely, maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO) and dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) were used. Finally, two acrylic monomers, namely methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were employed. Uncompatibilized and compatibilized PBS/ASF composites were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties, morphology, thermal behaviour and thermomechanical performance. The obtained results suggest that all three vegetable Oil-derived compatibilizers (ELO, ESBO and MLO) give a remarkable increase in ductile properties while poor compatibilization is obtained with the acrylic monomers. These vegetable-Oil derived compatibilizers could represents an interesting environmentally friendly solution to compatibilizing polyester-type polymers and their composites with lignocellulosic materials.
-
development and optimization of renewable vinyl plastisol wood flour composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Materials & Design, 2016Co-Authors: Sergio Torresginer, D Garciasanoguera, Nestor Montanes, Octavio Fenollar, Rafael BalartAbstract:Abstract The application of vegetable Oils as novel plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is currently in the spotlight of the polymer industry due to their ingrained sustainability. In this study, novel vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites based on Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) were evaluated. For this, PVC was first plasticized by 70 parts by weight of ELO per hundred parts of resin (phr) to form a vinyl plastisol. Wood flour, obtained by dry grinding from reed (Phragmite communis), was then incorporated at five different loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.‐%) and three particle sizes (100, 250, and 500 μm). The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation was explored to activate the surface of wood flour to increase its interfacial adhesion with the vinyl plastisol. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the composites fracture and determine the dispersion of wood flour in the vinyl matrix. As per the surface appearance and mechanical results, optimal materials were observed for vinyl plastisol composites at high contents of wood flour with the largest particles that were previously exposed to UV for 4 min. Resultant renewable vinyl plastisol composites show a great deal of potential as designed materials for wood replacement in building applications.
D Garciasanoguera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development and characterization of environmentally friendly composites from poly butylene succinate pbs and almond shell flour with different compatibilizers
Composites Part B-engineering, 2018Co-Authors: Patricia Liminana, D Garciasanoguera, Rafael Balart, Luis Quilescarrillo, Nestor MontanesAbstract:Abstract This work reports the enhancement of the properties of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites containing 30 wt% almond shell flour (ASF) by using different compatibilizer families: epoxy, maleic anhydride and acrylic. With regard to the epoxy compatibilizers, Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) and Epoxidized soybean Oil (ESBO) were used. Two maleic anhydride-derived compatibilizers, namely, maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO) and dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA) were used. Finally, two acrylic monomers, namely methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were employed. Uncompatibilized and compatibilized PBS/ASF composites were characterized in terms of their mechanical properties, morphology, thermal behaviour and thermomechanical performance. The obtained results suggest that all three vegetable Oil-derived compatibilizers (ELO, ESBO and MLO) give a remarkable increase in ductile properties while poor compatibilization is obtained with the acrylic monomers. These vegetable-Oil derived compatibilizers could represents an interesting environmentally friendly solution to compatibilizing polyester-type polymers and their composites with lignocellulosic materials.
-
development and optimization of renewable vinyl plastisol wood flour composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Materials & Design, 2016Co-Authors: Sergio Torresginer, D Garciasanoguera, Nestor Montanes, Octavio Fenollar, Rafael BalartAbstract:Abstract The application of vegetable Oils as novel plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is currently in the spotlight of the polymer industry due to their ingrained sustainability. In this study, novel vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites based on Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) were evaluated. For this, PVC was first plasticized by 70 parts by weight of ELO per hundred parts of resin (phr) to form a vinyl plastisol. Wood flour, obtained by dry grinding from reed (Phragmite communis), was then incorporated at five different loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.‐%) and three particle sizes (100, 250, and 500 μm). The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation was explored to activate the surface of wood flour to increase its interfacial adhesion with the vinyl plastisol. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the composites fracture and determine the dispersion of wood flour in the vinyl matrix. As per the surface appearance and mechanical results, optimal materials were observed for vinyl plastisol composites at high contents of wood flour with the largest particles that were previously exposed to UV for 4 min. Resultant renewable vinyl plastisol composites show a great deal of potential as designed materials for wood replacement in building applications.
-
characterization of the curing process of vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as a natural based plasticizer
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Octavio Fenollar, D Garciasanoguera, J Lopez, L Sancheznacher, Rafael BalartAbstract:In this work, we have evaluated the curing process of a natural-based plasticizer, Epoxidized Linseed Oil, as a possible alternative to phthalate substitution for polyvinyl chloride. Several curing times ranging from 6 to 14 min at different isothermal curing temperatures in the 140–220°C range have been selected. The effects of the curing process (in terms of time and temperature) have been determined by mechanical tests, color measurements, and microstructure characterization. The obtained results show that optimum overall properties are obtained for curing times of 10–12 min at 200°C or 8 min at 220°C, which are typical values of industrial processing of vinyl plastisols. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
-
mechanical and morphological characterization of novel vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as natural based plasticizer
V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES, 2010Co-Authors: Octavio Fenollar, D Garciasanoguera, Rafael Balart, L Sancheznacher, T BoronatAbstract:Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most commonly used plastics in the current market due to its low cost and versatility in processing, combined with its satisfactory physical and chemical properties. However, there is an important problem associated to the use of plasticized PVC. This problem is regarding to the toxicity of the most common plasticized used like DOP, DEHP, DINP, due to its possible migration. This problem limits the use of the plasticized PVC in the industry. In this work we have used Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) as a non toxic plasticizer for PVC. This type of natural Oil is characterized by acting as both plasticizer and stabilizer of PVC. With this purpose, ELO have been added to PVC. The processing conditions (temperature and time of curing) are vital to determine the final properties of the material. A study of the processing conditions shows the adequate temperature and time to achieve the optimum properties.
Octavio Fenollar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Properties of biobased epoxy resins from Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) crosslinked with a mixture of cyclic anhydride and maleinized Linseed Oil
Budapest University of Technology, 2019Co-Authors: M. D. Samper, Rafael Balart, J. M. Ferri, A. Carbonell-verdu, Octavio FenollarAbstract:This works aims at the development thermosetting resins derived from Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) of high biobased content, by using a mixture of crosslinking agents, i.e. methyl nadic anhydride (MNA) and maleinized Linseed Oil (MLO). By using only MNA as crosslinking agent, the obtained resins are characterized by high stiffness and, consequently, high fragility. When MLO content increasing in the crosslinking mixture, up to 25 wt%, a decrease in mechanical resistant and thermomechanical is detected, thus indicating that MLO can provide flexibility to ELO-based thermosetting resins which is an interesting issue to obtain tailored properties by selecting the appropriate mixture composition. In general, the thermosetting resin crosslinked with 10 wt% MLO and 40 wt% MNA gives balanced properties together with noticeable biobased content, thus broadening the potential of these materials for uses in green composites and coatings
-
development and optimization of renewable vinyl plastisol wood flour composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation
Materials & Design, 2016Co-Authors: Sergio Torresginer, D Garciasanoguera, Nestor Montanes, Octavio Fenollar, Rafael BalartAbstract:Abstract The application of vegetable Oils as novel plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is currently in the spotlight of the polymer industry due to their ingrained sustainability. In this study, novel vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites based on Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) were evaluated. For this, PVC was first plasticized by 70 parts by weight of ELO per hundred parts of resin (phr) to form a vinyl plastisol. Wood flour, obtained by dry grinding from reed (Phragmite communis), was then incorporated at five different loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt.‐%) and three particle sizes (100, 250, and 500 μm). The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation was explored to activate the surface of wood flour to increase its interfacial adhesion with the vinyl plastisol. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the composites fracture and determine the dispersion of wood flour in the vinyl matrix. As per the surface appearance and mechanical results, optimal materials were observed for vinyl plastisol composites at high contents of wood flour with the largest particles that were previously exposed to UV for 4 min. Resultant renewable vinyl plastisol composites show a great deal of potential as designed materials for wood replacement in building applications.
-
processing and characterization of high environmental efficiency composites based on pla and hazelnut shell flour hsf with biobased plasticizers derived from Epoxidized Linseed Oil elo
Composites Part B-engineering, 2016Co-Authors: J Balart, Octavio Fenollar, T Boronat, Vicent Fombuena, L SancheznacherAbstract:Abstract Different amounts of Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) have been added to poly(lactic acid)-PLA composites with hazelnut shell flour (HSF) to provide a plasticizing effect and improve the low intrinsic ductile properties of PLA/HSF composites. Mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties have been studied in terms of the weight percentage ELO. Mechanical resistant properties in both tensile and flexural tests decrease with wt.% ELO while a remarkable increase with wt.% ELO is obtained. These results reveal a clear plasticization effect of ELO but, in addition, internal structure of PLA/HSF/ELO composites shows good PLA-HSF (matrix-particle) interactions so that indicating that ELO also provides a coupling effect between PLA matrix and HSF filler. ELO addition leads to a decrease in storage modulus (G′) obtained by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) in torsion mode thus giving clear evidence of the plasticization effect of ELO. Overall, the use of ELO in PLA/HSF composites is an attracting way to improve the low intrinsic fragility of these green composites; furthermore, ELO provides an improvement on thermal stability and a coupling effect between the polymer matrix and the surrounding lignocellulosic filler.
-
characterization of the curing process of vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as a natural based plasticizer
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Octavio Fenollar, D Garciasanoguera, J Lopez, L Sancheznacher, Rafael BalartAbstract:In this work, we have evaluated the curing process of a natural-based plasticizer, Epoxidized Linseed Oil, as a possible alternative to phthalate substitution for polyvinyl chloride. Several curing times ranging from 6 to 14 min at different isothermal curing temperatures in the 140–220°C range have been selected. The effects of the curing process (in terms of time and temperature) have been determined by mechanical tests, color measurements, and microstructure characterization. The obtained results show that optimum overall properties are obtained for curing times of 10–12 min at 200°C or 8 min at 220°C, which are typical values of industrial processing of vinyl plastisols. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
-
mechanical and morphological characterization of novel vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as natural based plasticizer
V INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TIMES OF POLYMERS (TOP) AND COMPOSITES, 2010Co-Authors: Octavio Fenollar, D Garciasanoguera, Rafael Balart, L Sancheznacher, T BoronatAbstract:Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most commonly used plastics in the current market due to its low cost and versatility in processing, combined with its satisfactory physical and chemical properties. However, there is an important problem associated to the use of plasticized PVC. This problem is regarding to the toxicity of the most common plasticized used like DOP, DEHP, DINP, due to its possible migration. This problem limits the use of the plasticized PVC in the industry. In this work we have used Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) as a non toxic plasticizer for PVC. This type of natural Oil is characterized by acting as both plasticizer and stabilizer of PVC. With this purpose, ELO have been added to PVC. The processing conditions (temperature and time of curing) are vital to determine the final properties of the material. A study of the processing conditions shows the adequate temperature and time to achieve the optimum properties.
Balart Gimeno, Rafael Antonio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Development and optimization of renewable vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation
'Elsevier BV', 2016Co-Authors: Torres Giner Sergio, Garcia-sanoguera David, Fenollar Gimeno, Octavio Ángel, Montañés Muñoz Néstor, Garcia Sanoguera D., Balart Gimeno, Rafael AntonioAbstract:The application of vegetable Oils as novel plasticizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is currently in the spotlight of the polymer industry due to their ingrained sustainability. In this study, novel vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites based on Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) were evaluated. For this, PVC was first plasticized by 70 parts by weight of ELO per hundred parts of resin (phr) to form a vinyl plastisol. Wood flour, obtained by dry grinding from reed (Phragmite communis), was then incorporated at five different loadings (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 wt-%) and three particle sizes (100, 250, and 500 pm). The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation was explored to activate the surface of wood flour to increase its interfacial adhesion with the vinyl plastisol. Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the composites fracture and determine the dispersion of wood flour in the vinyl matrix. As per the surface appearance and mechanical results, optimal materials were observed for vinyl plastisol composites at high contents of wood flour with the largest particles that were previously exposed to UV for 4 min. Resultant renewable vinyl plastisol composites show a great deal of potential as designed materials for wood replacement in building applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project MAT2014-59242-C2-1-R). The authors also thank "Conselleria d'Educacio, Cultura i Esport - Generalitat Valenciana" (grant number GV/2014/008) for financial support.Torres Giner, S.; Montañés Muñoz, N.; Fenollar Gimeno, OÁ.; Garcia Sanoguera, D.; García Sanoguera, D.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2016). Development and optimization of renewable vinyl plastisol/wood flour composites exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Materials and Design. 108(15):648-658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.037S6486581081
-
New environmentally friendly composite laminates with Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) and slate fiber fabrics
'Elsevier BV', 2015Co-Authors: Samper Madrigal, María Dolores, Petrucci R., Sánchez Nacher Lourdes, Balart Gimeno, Rafael Antonio, Kenny J. M.Abstract:This work focuses on the development of new composite laminates based on the use of Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) as matrix and reinforcement fabrics from slate fibers with different silane treatments. The curing behavior of the ELO resin is followed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the gelation is studied by oscillatory rheometry and gel-time. Composite laminates of ELO matrix and slate fabrics are manufactured by Rein Transfer Molding (RTM) and the mechanical properties of the composite laminates are tested in tensile, flexural and impact conditions. The effects of different silane coupling agents on fiber-matrix interface phenomena are studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As in other siliceous fibers, silane treatment leads to improved mechanical performance but glycidyl silane treatment produces the optimum results as the interactions between silanized slate fiber and Epoxidized Linseed Oil are remarkably improved as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This study has been funded by the "Conselleria d'Educacio, Cultura i Esport" - Generalitat Valenciana (reference number: GV/2014/008). Authors thank Microscopy Services at UPV for helping in using SEM technique.Samper Madrigal, MD.; Petrucci, R.; Sánchez Nacher, L.; Balart Gimeno, RA.; Kenny, JM. (2015). New environmentally friendly composite laminates with Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) and slate fiber fabrics. Composites Part B: Engineering. 71:203-209. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.11.034S2032097
-
Properties of composite laminates based on basalt fibers with Epoxidized vegetable Oils
'Elsevier BV', 2015Co-Authors: Samper Madrigal, María Dolores, Petrucci R., Sánchez Nacher Lourdes, Balart Gimeno, Rafael Antonio, Kenny J. M.Abstract:This paper deals with the development of polymeric materials derived from Epoxidized vegetable Oils which have been used in the manufacture of laminated composite materials with basalt fabrics. Epoxidized Linseed Oil (ELO) and Epoxidized soybean Oil (ESBO) were used as biobased matrices. The basalt fabrics were modified with amino-silane and glycidyl-silane to increase fiber-matrix interactions. The curing behaviour of both resins was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and oscillatory rheometry (OR). The evaluation of mechanical properties was made by tensile, flexural and Charpy tests. The extent of the fiber-matrix interactions among interface was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained results revealed that surface modification of basalt fibers with glycidyl-silane clearly improves the mechanical properties of the composites. The use of the ELO resin as matrix for composite laminates improved substantially the mechanical performance compared to composites made with ESBO. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This study was funded by the "Conselleria d'Educacio, Cultura i Esport" - Generalitat Valenciana (reference number: GV/2014/008).Samper Madrigal, MD.; Petrucci, R.; Sánchez Nacher, L.; Balart Gimeno, RA.; Kenny, JM. (2015). Properties of composite laminates based on basalt fibers with Epoxidized vegetable Oils. Materials and Design. 72:9-15. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.02.002S9157
-
Characterization of the curing process of vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as a natural-based plasticizer
'Wiley', 2012Co-Authors: Fenollar Gimeno, Octavio Ángel, Garcia-sanoguera David, Sánchez Nacher Lourdes, López Martínez Juan, Balart Gimeno, Rafael AntonioAbstract:In this work, we have evaluated the curing process of a natural-based plasticizer, Epoxidized Linseed Oil, as a possible alternative to phthalate substitution for polyvinyl chloride. Several curing times ranging from 6 to 14 min at different isothermal curing temperatures in the 140-220°C range have been selected. The effects of the curing process (in terms of time and temperature) have been determined by mechanical tests, color measurements, and microstructure characterization. The obtained results show that optimum overall properties are obtained for curing times of 10-12 min at 200°C or 8 min at 220°C, which are typical values of industrial processing of vinyl plastisols. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Contract grant sponsor: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia; contract grant number: DPI2007-66849-C02-02Fenollar Gimeno, OÁ.; García Sanoguera, D.; Sánchez Nacher, L.; López Martínez, J.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2012). Characterization of the curing process of vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as a natural-based plasticizer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 124(3):2550-2557. doi:10.1002/app.34645S25502557124
-
Characterization of the curing process of vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as a natural-based plasticizer
'Wiley', 2012Co-Authors: Fenollar Gimeno, Octavio Ángel, Garcia-sanoguera David, Sánchez Nacher Lourdes, López Martínez Juan, Balart Gimeno, Rafael AntonioAbstract:In this work, we have evaluated the curing process of a natural-based plasticizer, Epoxidized Linseed Oil, as a possible alternative to phthalate substitution for polyvinyl chloride. Several curing times ranging from 6 to 14 min at different isothermal curing temperatures in the 140-220°C range have been selected. The effects of the curing process (in terms of time and temperature) have been determined by mechanical tests, color measurements, and microstructure characterization. The obtained results show that optimum overall properties are obtained for curing times of 10-12 min at 200°C or 8 min at 220°C, which are typical values of industrial processing of vinyl plastisols. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Contract grant sponsor: Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia; contract grant number: DPI2007-66849-C02-02Fenollar Gimeno, OÁ.; García Sanoguera, D.; Sánchez Nacher, L.; López Martínez, J.; Balart Gimeno, RA. (2012). Characterization of the curing process of vinyl plastisols with Epoxidized Linseed Oil as a natural-based plasticizer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 124(3):2550-2557. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.34645S255025571243Braun, D. (2001). PVC ? origin, growth, and future. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology, 7(4), 168-176. doi:10.1002/vnl.10288Jimenez, A., Lopez, J., Iannoni, A., & Kenny, J. M. (2001). Formulation and mechanical characterization of PVC plastisols based on low-toxicity additives. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 81(8), 1881-1890. doi:10.1002/app.1621Marcilla, A., Garcia, S., & Garcia-Quesada, J. C. (2008). Migrability of PVC plasticizers. Polymer Testing, 27(2), 221-233. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2007.10.007Wang, Q., & Storm, B. K. (2005). Separation and analysis of low molecular weight plasticizers in poly(vinyl chloride) tubes. Polymer Testing, 24(3), 290-300. doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.12.002Pedersen, G. A., Jensen, L. K., Fankhauser, A., Biedermann, S., Petersen, J. H., & Fabech, B. (2008). Migration of Epoxidized soybean Oil (ESBO) and phthalates from twist closures into food and enforcement of the overall migration limit. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 25(4), 503-510. doi:10.1080/02652030701519088Kim, S.-W., Kim, J.-G., Choi, J.-I., Jeon, I.-R., & Seo, K.-H. (2005). Synthesis of glycidylethylhexylphthalate and its effects on poly(vinyl chloride) films as a novel plasticizer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 96(4), 1347-1356. doi:10.1002/app.21553Guoquan, W., & Yiaoting, C. (1991). Test methods for gelation of PVC plastisol. Polymer Testing, 10(4), 315-324. doi:10.1016/0142-9418(91)90025-sCrespo, J. E., Balart, R., Sanchez, L., & López, J. (2007). Substitution of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate by di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate as a plasticizer for industrial vinyl plastisol formulations. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(2), 1215-1220. doi:10.1002/app.25760Shea, K. M. (2003). Pediatric Exposure and Potential Toxicity of Phthalate Plasticizers. PEDIATRICS, 111(6), 1467-1474. doi:10.1542/peds.111.6.1467Audic, J.-L., Reyx, D., & Brosse, J.-C. (2003). Migration of additives from food grade polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films: Effect of plasticization by polymeric modifiers instead of conventional plasticizers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 89(5), 1291-1299. doi:10.1002/app.12240Fankhauser-Noti, A., & Grob, K. (2006). Migration of plasticizers from PVC gaskets of lids for glass jars into Oily foods: Amount of gasket material in food contact, proportion of plasticizer migrating into food and compliance testing by simulation. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 17(3), 105-112. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2005.10.013Hakkarainen, M. (s. f.). Migration of Monomeric and Polymeric PVC Plasticizers. Advances in Polymer Science, 159-185. doi:10.1007/12_2008_140Benaniba, M. ., Belhaneche-Bensemra, N., & Gelbard, G. (2001). Stabilizing effect of Epoxidized sunflower Oil on the thermal degradation of poly(vinyl chloride). Polymer Degradation and Stability, 74(3), 501-505. doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(01)00170-7KANNO, S., KAWAMURA, Y., MUTSUGA, M., & TANAMOTO, K. (2006). Determination of Epoxidized Soybean Oil and Linseed Oil in Wrapping Film and Cap Sealing. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi), 47(3), 89-94. doi:10.3358/shokueishi.47.89KAWAMURA, Y., KANNO, S., MUTSUGA, M., & TANAMOTO, K. (2006). Determination of Epoxidized Soybean Oil in Bottled Foods. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi), 47(6), 243-248. doi:10.3358/shokueishi.47.243Starnes, W. H., Du, B., Kim, S., Zaikov, V. G., Ge, X., & Culyba, E. K. (2006). Thermal stabilization and plasticization of poly(vinyl chloride) by ester thiols: Update and current status. Thermochimica Acta, 442(1-2), 78-80. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2006.01.018Taghizadeh, M. T., Nalbandi, N., & Bahadori, A. (2008). Stabilizing effect of Epoxidized sunflower Oil as a secondary stabilizer for Ca/Hg stabilized PVC. Express Polymer Letters, 2(1), 65-76. doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2008.9Fenollar, O., Garcia-Sanoguera, D., Sanchez-Nacher, L., Lopez, J., & Balart, R. (2010). Effect of the Epoxidized Linseed Oil concentration as natural plasticizer in vinyl plastisols. Journal of Materials Science, 45(16), 4406-4413. doi:10.1007/s10853-010-4520-6Boudhani, H., Lainé, C., Fulchiron, R., & Cassagnau, P. (2007). Rheology and gelation kinetics of PVC plastisols. Rheologica Acta, 46(6), 825-838. doi:10.1007/s00397-006-0157-4Fenollar, O., García, D., Sánchez, L., López, J., & Balart, R. (2009). Optimization of the curing conditions of PVC plastisols based on the use of an Epoxidized fatty acid ester plasticizer. European Polymer Journal, 45(9), 2674-2684. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.05.029Garcia, J. C., & Marcilla, A. (1998). Rheological study of the influence of the plasticizer concentration in the gelation and fusion processes of PVC plastisols. Polymer, 39(15), 3507-3514. doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)10033-7Marcilla, A., & Garcı́a, J. . (1998). Qualitative model for viscoelastic measurement during gelation and fusion of PVC plastisols. European Polymer Journal, 34(9), 1341-1348. doi:10.1016/s0014-3057(97)00256-5Kwak, S.-Y. (1995). In situ, quantitative characterization of gelation and fusion mechanism in poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols by small angle light scattering (SALS). Polymer Engineering and Science, 35(13), 1106-1112. doi:10.1002/pen.760351306Fenollar, O., Sanchez-Nacher, L., Garcia-Sanoguera, D., López, J., & Balart, R. (2009). The effect of the curing time and temperature on final properties of flexible PVC with an Epoxidized fatty acid ester as natural-based plasticizer. Journal of Materials Science, 44(14), 3702-3711. doi:10.1007/s10853-009-3495-7Sharma, V., & Kundu, P. P. (2006). Addition polymers from natural Oils—A review. Progress in Polymer Science, 31(11), 983-1008. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.09.003Sharma, V., & Kundu, P. P. (2008). Condensation polymers from natural Oils. Progress in Polymer Science, 33(12), 1199-1215. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.07.00