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David Degrazia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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taking animals seriously animals moral status and the issue of Equal Consideration
1996Co-Authors: David DegraziaAbstract:INTRODUCTION How are we to understand the moral status of animals? Are animals due any moral Consideration at all? If not, why not? If so, do animals deserve Consideration simply because of the way our treatment of animals affects us humans ? Or is it because animals' interests have moral importance in their own right ? If animals' interests matter in their own right, how much do they matter? Should they be given as much Consideration as human interests? If so, what does that mean, exactly? What would such Equal Consideration amount to? And if not, in what ways— or how much—do animals' interests matter? Sometimes importantly different questions regarding the moral status of animals are not clearly enough distinguished. Failure to distinguish different questions often leads to misunderstanding of opponents' arguments and then to proud refutations of views no one holds. (For example, the medical literature contains numerous arguments against the view that animals—sometimes, all animals—and humans are alike in every morally significant respect. But no one, to my knowledge, holds that view.) For the sake of clarity, the basic questions asked in the previous paragraph may be broken down somewhat more formally as follows: 1. Does the treatment of animals raise ethical issues at all? 2. If not, why not? 3. If so, do animals' interests matter in their own right? 4. If not, why not? How should we treat them, and why? […]
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Equal Consideration and unEqual moral status
Southern Journal of Philosophy, 1993Co-Authors: David DegraziaAbstract:L'essai elucide le concept de la Consideration egale, fait une analyse reconstructive du concept flou du statut moral et demontre la compatibilite de la Consideration egale et du statut moral inegal
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the distinction between Equality in moral status and deserving Equal Consideration
Between the Species, 1991Co-Authors: David DegraziaAbstract:Passions tend to run high in ethical debates concerning animals, not only among laypersons and in political arenas, but also in the nonnally cool chambers of academic philosophy. Objectivity and care, though indispensable for understanding differing positions and their supporting arguments, often seem in short supply. As a result, distinct issues are confused while arguments are misunderstood and then misrepresented in counterarguments. This essay concerns two normative concepts whose conflation in animal ethics debates easily leads to intellectual mischief: (1) Equality in moral status, and (2) one's interests' having moral weight Equal to the identical interests of others. (2), which is difficult to fonnulate precisely without awkwardness, might also be put in this way: one's interests' deserving Equal Consideration to the identical interests ofothers. After distinguishing and clarifying these concepts, I present a preliminary case for the thesis that animals are unEqual in moral status-though their interests should be given Equal Consideration. In making my case I note some general implications for the use of nonhuman animals (hereafter, simply "animals") in research. Let me begin by presenting a couple of examples of the confusions to which I refer. First, in a widely read article, Katie McCabe, a journalist, makes a seemingly innocuous attribution: "Singer argues that all sentient beings have Equal moral status "1 Once Equal moral status and Equal Consideration are distinguished, given a general familiarity with Singer's work, it becomes clear that this attribution is false, or at least very uncertain-though Singer unequivocally argues for Equal Consideration. These words from philosopher Carl Cohen will serve as a starting point for disentangling these concepts (providing a second example):
Yaogeng Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling the integrated framework of complex water resources system considering economic development ecological protection and food production a practical tool for water management
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2020Co-Authors: Yaogeng Tan, Zengchuan Dong, Sandra M Guzman, Xinkui Wang, Wei YanAbstract:Abstract. The rapid increase of population and urbanization is accelerating the consumption of the water resources that play an essential role in economic development, ecological protection, and food productivity (EEF). This study developed an integrated modeling framework to better identify the dynamic interaction, coevolution process, and feedback loops of the nexus across EEF systems by incorporating the multi-objective optimization and system dynamic (SD) models. The multi-objective model optimizes the water allocation decisions considering the adaptive status of both the whole system and each agent, while the SD model discloses the dynamics of the coevolution process and reciprocal feedback of the EEF system. The framework is applied to the Upper Reaches of Guijiang River Basin, China, in the context of interconnected systems considering the agents of economic development, ecological protection, and food productivity. Results show that the proposed framework enables the optimal water allocation decisions in each time step, and the SD model can adequately reveal the coevolution process and reciprocal feedback that differs in different stages in integrated, dynamic ways. The rapid economic growth intensifies the ecological awareness that cannot support such rapid development because of the conflict between environment and economic water uses. Once the economic growth rate decreased, water resources are able to support economic development because the ecological awareness is alleviated in this respect. The different water usages demonstrate the competitive mechanism, and the river ecological agent is the critical factor that affects the robustness of the model. The Equal Consideration of each water usage is the most beneficial to sustainable development. These results highlight the importance of water resources management considering multiple stakeholders and tradeoffs and give an insight into future dynamic changes of complex water systems.
Thomas Schaubroeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a need for Equal Consideration of ecosystem disservices and services when valuing nature countering arguments against disservices
Ecosystem services, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas SchaubroeckAbstract:Abstract The ecosystem disservice concept has been introduced, reflecting negative effects of ecosystems on human well-being. However, it does not really seem embraced in some current relevant valuations of nature. In two prominent policy-oriented papers that present clear messages in favour of nature, more precisely ecosystems, Consideration of negative effects on human well-being, whether or not called disservices, seems minimized or neglected. Consequently, in this work, arguments are brought forward that counter made statements against the concept of disservices or certain disservices under certain conditions. More importantly, in any nature valuation, it is crucial to explicitly state which services and disservices are considered, i.e. to be transparent, this to shed light on the subjectivity of derived policy messages. In general, subjectivity, e.g. through nature liking, should ideally only be characterized through cultural (dis)services.
M. Troell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A revolution without people? Closing the people-policy gap in aquaculture development
Aquaculture, 2015Co-Authors: G. Krause, C. Brugere, A. Diedrich, M.w. Ebeling, S.c.a. Ferse, E. Mikkelsen, J.a. Pérez Agúndez, S.m. Stead, N. Stybel, M. TroellAbstract:Failure of the blue revolution is a global risk. The international problem is that there is a gap in knowledge exchange between the aquaculture industry, policy makers trying to support aquaculture development and people who depend on aquaculture for a job and/or food source. Thus, governments and international organizations promoting aquaculture as the solution to improving food security, nutrition and income are failing to optimise production of natural aquatic resources.We identify a "people-policy gap", and suggest that this is an understudied constraint, which needs to be overcome before worldwide food security can be achieved from aquatic environments. We argue that this gap leads to uneven distribution of benefits, a disconnection between benefits and local needs, and detrimental effects on human health and food security, all of which can have negative repercussions on human communities and ecosystems. In order to address this need, we present an analytical framework to guide context specific, policy-relevant assessments of the social, economic and ecological dimensions of aquaculture on a case-by-case basis. The framework is designed to make best use of existing data and scientific tools for decision-making.In conclusion, we argue for: Equal Consideration of ecological, social and economic issues in aquaculture policy-making; pre-emptive identification of likely social impacts; integration of people- and context-specific social framing conditions into planning and policy review; addressing the social disconnection between global consumption and production; and, encouragement of creative combinations of theories and methods to assess and interpret the social dimensions of aquaculture in multiple contexts. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
Allen S Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using a positivist case research methodology to test a theory about it enabled business process redesign
International Conference on Information Systems, 1998Co-Authors: Suprateek Sarker, Allen S LeeAbstract:We derive a process theory, the “technology-oriented theory of business process redesign,” from the business process reengineering (BPR) literature and test it in a positivist case study of a corporation that implemented BPR. Our evidence refutes the theory. The future direction we suggest for researchers and practitioners is to adopt, from the beginning, an orientation that is not technocentric or overly technological, but gives Equal Consideration to social dimensions and the interactions between the social and the technological.
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ICIS - Using a positivist case research methodology to test a theory about IT-enabled business process redesign
1998Co-Authors: Suprateek Sarker, Allen S LeeAbstract:We derive a process theory, the “technology-oriented theory of business process redesign,” from the business process reengineering (BPR) literature and test it in a positivist case study of a corporation that implemented BPR. Our evidence refutes the theory. The future direction we suggest for researchers and practitioners is to adopt, from the beginning, an orientation that is not technocentric or overly technological, but gives Equal Consideration to social dimensions and the interactions between the social and the technological.